جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « روش کیو » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Today, non-profit organizations have also paid attention to the issue of brand image, because the improvement of the organization's performance depends on the improvement of its organizational image. Despite the importance and necessity of branding in the Awqaf organization-responsible for endowment and charity affairs in Iran, the branding and improving the image of the organization have been neglected due to the lack of mental convergence and differences in the views of the organization's managers. In fact, there is no complete consensus on this issue in the Organization, and this has led to the lack of an effective plan and program. This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the types of mentality of Awqaf organization managers in relation to brand management and improving the image of Awqaf organization. This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in nature using Q method. The theoretical community includes managers, deputies and experts of the endowment organization and charity affairs at the headquarters level. The sample selection method is based on a combination of snowball and targeted sampling, which includes 37 experts. Interview tools and Q questionnaire were used to collect data. Q factor analysis and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results of the research show seven mentalities, which were named as holisticists, taskists, promotionists, strategists, organizational transformationists, internal brand builders, and conservatives. The extracted mentalities were interpreted and their priorities were highlighted in the matter of branding. According to the results of this research, the starting point of planning in the field of promoting the brand of the endowment organization is to pay attention to the commonalities of mentalities and not to pay attention to divergent issues, which were presented in this field.

Voluntary organizations play an important role in today's society (Alfes, 2018:1-2). In Iran, an important part of the economy is dedicated to the non-profit sector (Ayodo, 2021). In all organizations, weakness in management weakens non-profit organizations (Pyanov et al., 2021). Accordingly, it is very important to better understand the factors that influence the decision-making of organization managers (Cyr et al., 2022:1-2). Charitable organizations should strive to demonstrate the highest level of performance; Because a well-managed charity organization will ensure a higher reputation and more donations (Crettez et al., 2021:26). Charitable organizations, as spontaneous support institutions, have a significant impact on the process of poverty alleviation and social harm (Nayeri et al., 2021:2). Part of the challenges of charities, at the micro level, include people's lack of trust in how to spend donations and poor communication between charities and donors (Ayodo, 2021) and limited resources (Alfes, 2018:1-2). Considering the diversity of charitable organizations, the necessity of designing a large system of charity is felt twice. The design of this system should be based on the opinions of actors and activists in the field of charity affairs. Therefore, improving and reforming the governance system of charity affairs should be based on the views and experiences of non-governmental and governmental charities, which requires a general understanding of their approaches and mindsets. In the theoretical literature, topics such as charity in the economy, the definition of charity, the ratio of government and non-government sectors in charity affairs, and issues and problems of governance of charity affairs in the country are discussed.

In the current research, Q methodology was used, which is included in the category of applied research. This method is mixed and exploratory and has no hypothesis. For the current research, in the stage of gathering the discourse space and cue cards, the interview tool was used, and in the quantitative stage, the cue table was used, and for the quantitative data analysis, exploratory factor analysis was used. To understand the discourse environment, due to the limited number of interviews and reports published on the Internet, and also for further accreditation, interviews were conducted with 23 managers of governmental and non-governmental charities and several expert professors in this field.

In this research, in the first stage of selecting the Q sample phrase, 87 selected phrases were obtained. Finally,
31 terms have been selected. In the next step, 23 experts were studied and were given Q statements and tables to complete, and finally, 18 Q answers were used for analysis. In the mentioned research, face validity was used and Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the study, and the present value was 0.96. In the current study, the value of the KMO index is equal to 546. In Q methodology, the pebble diagram is used to show the most important factors in terms of the determined amount of variance. From the first factor onwards, the explanatory variance suddenly drops sharply. Therefore, the previous six factors will be used for factor analysis. In general, for the current research, the rotated matrix has been applied using the Varimax method. Participants No. 6, 9, and 11 form the first mental model, participants No. 1, 2, 5, 15, and 18 form the second mental model, participants No. 7, 10, and 12 form the third mental model, participants No. 4 and 14 form the fourth mental model, participants Number 3 and 17 form the fifth mental model and participants number 8, 10, 13, and 16 form the sixth mental model jointly. Six types of mentality were obtained, which include, 1) those who support popularization with a focus on government regulation, 2) those who support the performance of charities, 3) those who support the transparent presence of the people, 4) opponents of government administration, 5) the sovereigntists, and 6) propagandists.

Based on the results obtained in the current research, six types of thinking and mentality were obtained. The first group believes in the principle of popularization of charity affairs and considers it an important issue, but they think that this popularization should be under the supervision and guidance of the government as the supervising, controlling, and guiding authority. The second group pays more attention to issues that lead to the improvement of the performance and effectiveness of charities, and they believe that the solution to poverty is to promote and solve these problems within charities. The third group, believing in the weakness of the government and the lack of public trust in it, emphasizes mechanisms to attract the attention of the people, and unlike the first group, they do not believe much in government intervention in the regulatory debate. The fourth group's mindset is based on strong opposition to the entry of the government and its administration, and they introduce the best work of the government to collect taxes from the rich to allocate to the deprived. The sovereigntists and those who say full government ownership form the fifth mentality, who are very cautious about people's participation and consider a minor role for them. According to them, the performance of non-governmental charities should be under the supervision and full control of the government. Finally, the sixth mentality emphasizes the element of advertising and promotion of the good deed, as well as efforts to attract people's participation. According to the results of the present research, the common element that exists among all mentalities, although with intensity and weakness, is the need for better and more involvement of the non-governmental sector and public charities. This issue can be taken into consideration as a common axis for discussion to reach a favorable governance structure. Other issues such as the level of government influence and tenure, how to design the propaganda system, etc. are among the issues about which there are differences of opinion.

Learning English is necessary at any stage of life. Learning the language has many amazing advantages, because it is one of the most useful languages in the world, especially in the armies. The present study was conducted in order to provide a comprehensive model for the promotion of English language education based on the professional identity of the teaching-learning process in the country's armed forces.The method of this research is qualitative-quantitative. After writing the research plan, literature review and content analysis, indicators of English language education based on the professional identity of the teaching-learning process were identified. In order to identify the factorial structure of the model, the final indicators were confirmed by 20 professors (foreign languages of the armed and free forces) and experts in this field (selection criteria of at least ten years of work experience and at least a master's degree). Indicators were identified using thematic analysis in the number of 7 dimensions and 60 components and indicators. Convergent validity (AVE), combined reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha (CA) were used to confirm the researcher's questionnaire model, and its value was appropriate. Based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970), a sample of 386 participants who were involved in language teaching activities was selected and distributed by purposeful sampling and snowball sampling. Finally, the final model was confirmed by using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis (Q method).

Background and

Traffic accidents are one of the main challenges in the field of road transportation and safety. Various factors such as the condition of the road, human factors, vehicles and the surrounding environment play an important role in the occurrence of the accidents. Modifying or removing accident-prone points has a significant effect on improving the level of safety and reducing road accidents. These changes can minimize damages and losses caused by accidents. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of accident-prone areas of Haraz road in Mazandaran province based on the mental patterns of heavy vehicle drivers.

This research is applied in terms of objective, descriptive method and in terms of data collection and analysis; it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). Data collection tool is structured interview and Q table. In the qualitative part, by conducting a structured interview with 30 drivers of heavy vehicles (people according to previous records) and analyzing them by thematic method, different opinions were extracted regarding urban accidents (70 statements and 30 items).

Based on the obtained results, six mental models have been presented to determine the indicators of accident-prone points based on the perspective of heavy vehicle drivers.

The result of this research showed that the expressions of sudden reduction in road width, sharp and steep turns with reduced visibility and limited one were the most important factors from the heavy vehicle drivers’ perspective.

Blockchain technology is one of the most promising technologies of this ‎century that has the potential to bring about fundamental changes in business ‎models in a wide range of industries. The current research seeks to identify ‎the antecedents of the development of digital marketing based on blockchain ‎technology from the point of view of marketing experts in the aviation ‎industry.This research is practical in terms of orientation and positivist from a ‎philosophical point of view, which was carried out using a mixed method.,In ‎this study, the antecedents of the development of digital marketing based on ‎blockchain technology were first extracted by literature review and semi-‎structured interviews, and with the help of experts, the final factors were ‎identified;Then, these factors in the form of Q cards were provided to ‎‏22‏‎ ‎marketing experts in the aviation industry who were selected purposefully ‎and finally their views were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis.The ‎participants in this research have ‎‏6‏‎ different views and their mental patterns ‎are categorized based on market variables, internal, content, technological, ‎human and environmental factors.The results of this research have given ‎useful insight to managers and decision makers in the aviation industry, so ‎that by knowing these factors, they can strengthen and develop digital ‎marketing in airline companies.‎

With the aim of identifying and prioritizing the needs of the young elites and the typology of this group, the current research identified the needs of the elites in the framework of the Q method, while conducting in-depth interviews with the elites and examining the available resources. In the second part, 62 young university elites completed the final questionnaire. Then, four mental patterns were obtained. According to the findings, the "supportive elites" are mostly looking for support and facilities for livelihood, research, recruitment etc., and they adapt themselves well to quantitative criteria to obtain support and facilities. "Participating elites" believe that the existing support should be appropriate to the dignity and special conditions of each elite. This group needs to provide the basis for their influence through interaction with different levels of governance and with other elites. "Individual elites" seek public support in the fields of livelihood, research, and equipment, and prefer short-term and economic support to long-term and targeted facilities. "Operational elites" are also mainly looking for specific and targeted support such as commercialization of products, creation of knowledge-based businesses and application of research. Finally, operational and policy proposals were presented to meet these needs.

A better understanding of the relationship between dowry and women's perceived beauty is of great importance in achieving practical solutions for promoting women's rights and reducing gender discrimination. Therefore, examining women's attitudes about the impact of dowry on their perceived beauty in married life provides important approaches for taking preventive measures. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting women's attitudes towards the relationship between dowry and perceived beauty.

This study was conducted using the Q method, and all married female students of Zabol University were considered as the statistical population. 30 students were selected as the sample size. 28 factor arrays were provided to the participants, along with a Q diagram, using 28 question cards for each participant, in which they marked their level of agreement or disagreement with each proposition. The reliability of the Q table was calculated as 73%. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data.

The results of factor analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between dowry and women's perceived beauty. The instrumental approach to dowry, cultural differences in determining and receiving dowry, the inability of men to pay dowry, and the linkage of dowry with the status and position of women are among the most important factors that can play a stimulating role in women's perceived beauty.Keywords: Dowry, Women's perceived beauty, Attitude measurement, Factor analysis, Q method.

The aim of the current research is to provide a strategic model of media management in order to improve the social health of active media audiences in Qazvin province, which was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative phase, content and Q analysis methods were used, and in the quantitative phase, factor analysis was used to analyze the Q data. The statistical population of media in the province is 85 media, of which 12 media were selected purposefully. The content analysis of those media showed that the most content produced by the media is in the field of social deviations with 576 and the least content produced by the media is the field of violence with 237 items. Based on the mentality of the first group, in order to improve the social health of people in the society, paying attention to "media literacy" is the first priority. According to the mentality of the second group, if the activity of virtual networks is not monitored, it can be considered as the main cause of violence and social deviations. According to the mentality of the third group, the publication of news about accidents has a great impact on reducing social security in the society, and the mentality of the fourth group is in favor of publishing news about road accidents. According to the obtained results, a quantitative questionnaire was created and the desired model was created using the software. PLS was designed. This model showed that according to the results of the quantitative questionnaire, all four functions of the media, namely information, education, monitoring the environment, and provision of leisure time, are effective in improving the social health of people in the society. Based on this, the strategic model of media management can have the greatest impact on improving the quality of life, reducing violence, reducing social deviations and social issues.

The drivers of human capital engagement development are the factors influencing the processes, events, actions, and images that produce distinct results and consequences for the concept of engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify and categorize the drivers of development of human capital commitment and the views of human resource experts about the drivers of human capital commitment. To this end, the Q methodology was employed. First, the related literature and research background were reviewed and then, based on the documents, interviews and questionnaires from 12 experts, the phrase Q (49 phrases) was formed. In the next step, human resources and academic experts were asked to categorize the Q statements on the agreed-upon, opposite, and abstracted axes in the form of a six-choice spectrum of 6+ to -6. Then, based on the inferential statistics (factor analysis) using SPSS software, the data were analyzed and categorized into different mental patterns, and finally, three mental patterns were identified. Based on the results, it can be stated that the Q statements obtained are capable and comprehensive. Therefore, it has an accepted and approved narrative. In this study, re-test was used to confirm the reliability. In this way, at least 20% of the sample subjects, that is, three people (12 experts in total) were tested twice, and the correlation coefficient obtained was 82% (0.82), which indicates a high level of reliability. The mentalities obtained based on the order of importance are: first pattern: leadership and personal and identity development; third pattern: structural, process and procedural; and second pattern: management and organizational resources.

People who have higher social health can more successfully deal with the challenges and ups and downs of playing key social roles and participate more in collective activities and prevent social deviations and anomalies. In this regard, foresight and the development of a forward-looking strategy model by the media can play an important role in promoting the social health of their audience (individuals).

This research has been done qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative phase, content analysis and Q methods were used, and in the quantitative phase, factor analysis was used to analyze the Q method data.

The content analysis of the media in this study showed that the most media production in the field of social deviations with 576 cases and the lowest media production in the field of violence with 237 cases. The field of social quality with 485 and the field of social issues with 312 cases are in the second and third ranks. A small questionnaire was made and based on it, the desired model was designed using PLS software.

This model showed that the function of media is effective in promoting social health of society and can have the greatest impact on improving quality of life, reducing violence, reducing social deviations and social issues.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the prominent behaviors of impression management of students in the academic setting and classify students based on their mental patterns in applying impression management behaviors and tactics and describe and interpret each pattern. In this study by using the Q methodology, first the behaviors involved in impression management in the educational setting were identified and the mental patterns of different students based on the priorities of the application of their impression management tactics was identified and described. This research is practical based on purpose. It is also exploratory in the nature of research and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The data of this research are mixed (combined or quantitative-qualitative). The qualitative part of this research was carried out through unstructured interviews with purposeful sampling in order to provide a space for discourse and Q sample design; 62 statements and 33 items Received. The quantitative part of this study was performed to identify and categorize mental patterns using Q-factor analysis. The results of this study indicated that there are five main mental patterns in the application of illustration management tactics called hyperactives, oblivious, law-abidings, opportunistics, and clevers among the students studied. These five groups covered about 85% of the total variance. improving the students' impressiom behaviors, teaching and promoting culture among students is one of the methods such as programs and socio-cultural events with the aim of reducing violent and hostile behaviors and creating a happy atmosphere in the university.

The main purpose of this study was to identify mental models and patterns regarding the presence of women in stadiums as spectators. To this end, the Q method was used. To develop a Q discourse, six experts of sport sociology, social issues, and the sociology of women and gender were interviewed. Moreover, 16 women interested in their presence in stadiums were also interviewed. Then, documents and additional information regarding issues related to the research were investigated. After setting the Q cards in order to sort them, 115 ladies interested in their presence in stadiums were selected using purposeful sampling. The participants were asked to show their agreement or disagreement by arranging the 51 sentences, the rewrite, and the category in the form of a Q chart on an eleven-degree range. The results of the Q-factor analysis showed that the participants’ mental typologies regarding barriers to the presence of women in stadiums as spectators were grouped into five categories. In other words, there were five perspectives or mental patterns about the barriers to female presence in the stadiums, including social barriers, political barriers, structural barriers, religious and cultural barriers, and gender barriers in Iran.

In the past, digital marketing and content creation in the B2B were less studied compared to the B2C field. According to the conducted small number of pieces of research, it is clear that the two concepts are completely different and that B2B digital marketing as a whole should be investigated in more depth. All B2B companies have the potential for social media marketing and digital content creation. Yet these B2B companies are not putting their efforts into that. Over the past few years, LinkedIn has been an important professional social media platform for B2B scholars to use in several ways and B2B researchers can be members of LinkedIn groups. B2B businesses need to market to the right audience, they need to make sure that they are placing their money and efforts into the right platforms. To increase their engagement and sales, it is important for these companies not to waste their time and money and to start making the right marketing decisions. It is essential for these B2B businesses to build their credibility online and create trust with their customers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the mental patterns of business-to-business interaction on LinkedIn by the Q method.

This paper is aimed to explore key philosophical underpinnings of fundamental research paradigms with reference to Positivism and Interpretivism (Q method). The statistical population of this study includes B2B business managers, active on LinkedIn. The discourse of the present research was collected from various sources (theoretical literature and semi-structured interviews with experts). 30 samples of Q phrases were selected after a survey of experts. The theme analysis technique was used to extract the factors in the interview section. In this section, the identified indicators were written on a card called Q, using the coding process. Then these cards were given to the participants. The data obtained from sorting the participants were analyzed by the Q factor analysis in SPSS software to identify the business interaction pattern. To measure validity of Q-method, the researcher needed to ask himself whether the collected statements had the required comprehensiveness to reflect different mentalities. Therefore, the validity of the content could be checked based on participants’ ratings of the phrase and its adjacent phrase. The test-retest method was used to calculate the reliability coefficient of Q sorting. The test-retest was re-run for 20% of the sample. The correlation coefficient was 73%, which indicated a high level of reliability.

The researchers determined the Q expressions, after conducting semi-structured interviews and library studies. These expressions were approved by experts. A total of 30 Q expressions were extracted. Accordingly, three mental models were identified from the perspective of the participants. The first mentality was called the professional content mentality. The second one was the lead mentality, and the third was called the tracking mentality.

The results showed three mental models of B2B business interaction on LinkedIn: "Professional content", "Tracking" and "Lead". The mentality of professional content refers to the production of suitable content for a company on LinkedIn. Lead mentality refers to activities that lead to creating leads to create interactions and communication between companies. The third mentality, called tracking, refers to a set of activities that place the company in a position to have better and more access to the relevant audience. The constant participation of consumers in the social media space requires companies to develop and maintain a strong media presence. This research could accurately identify the influential components in each mentality to provide a clearer view of better interaction on LinkedIn and to help managers adopt practical strategies based on customer needs. According to the obtained results, B2B companies can use social media and platforms to facilitate their relationships with customers, identify their company and brand just like a living entity and introduce the products, services and value they provide to the customer.

The emergence of the concept of sustainable development as an urgent issue affecting the current global system, it has been argued that entrepreneurship should not be based solely on wealth creation. Tourism is one of the economic sectors in which high participation in the field of sustainable entrepreneurs is required. In this regard, the emergence of the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship and the obligation of entrepreneurs in the tourism industry to sustainable entrepreneurship has led this study to identify and categorize the mentality of entrepreneurs towards sustainable tourism entrepreneurship. The methodology of the research was applied in terms of objectives, exploratory in nature, and mixed-method research. 13 sustainable tourism entrepreneurs in Hamedan province were selected as the target population by snowball sampling and were interviewed semi-structured based on the Q method, and 36 propositions were extracted. Then, by completing the Q table by research experts and analyzing the data obtained by exploratory factor analysis, the mentality of individuals in each group was identified, analyzed, and examined. The results of this study include two mental models of entrepreneurs towards sustainable tourism entrepreneurship, including quality of life model and sustainable employment; and a pattern of innovation, sustainable knowledge, and attitude; identified. Therefore, according to two mental patterns of research, sustainable tourism entrepreneurship through the empowerment of stakeholders and environmental capacity to create sustainable employment, both the development of innovative innovations in the economic, social, and environmental arena leads to an increase in wealth and welfare in society.

Media managers, in critical situations, have different mental patterns, which are the basis of their attitude for making decisions on how to inform people. This study, using the Q method, seeks to answer the question, what kind of mental patterns do media managers have for providing information in crises time? Data analysis was done by collecting the discourse space in the Q method and implementing three phases of research namely domain review, systematic review and individual sources (interview), resulted in 85 propositions according to the opinion of the nominal group, as a sample of Q, 60 people of media managers, as a sample of available participants, performed the sorting of the Q sample in the Flash-Q software and in the form of a diagram with a Likert scale of -8 to +8, and by entering the data in the SPSS software and creating a Q data matrix and Q data set. Finally, the following three mental models were identified: 1. The mental model of skill-oriented managers supporting the effect of social media in crisis; 2. The mental model of public relations -oriented managers who support information engineering in crisis; 3. The mental model of knowledge-oriented managers who are critical of superficiality in crisis communication. Strengthening stronger mental patterns or correcting inefficient mental patterns in media organizations requires reforming management systems, designing a comprehensive crisis management system, and using expert consultants in media management.

What makes designing a local government structure with a promising approach more necessary than ever is the disadvantages faced by rural management in Iran and the low efficiency and effectiveness of rural development programs and services in disadvantaged areas in the past few decades. This study aimed to examine the priorities of achieving local governance in Iran from the perspective of public and private sectors, local communities, and researchers in regional and rural planning. Thus, a set of influential factors in local governance was extracted from the background studies. After refining and classifying, 31 key factors following the eight principles of good governance were selected. The principles of good governance were central law, accountability, accountability, transparency, central consensus, participation, justice and equality, and efficiency and effectiveness. Then, 30 experts and activists were selected using the purposive sampling method and prioritized the extracted items using a Q table. Finally, the collected data were analyzed in Q methodology software by PCA principal component analysis and Varimax rotation. The findings could acknowledge that there were three different views on the priorities of rural governance. Moreover, participation, accountability, and responsibility were emphasized in each of these groups, respectively. In addition, all three groups agreed on the need to strengthen the questioning environment for the press and media. Furthermore, they acknowledged that strengthening the accountability dimension is a key priority for achieving rural governance.

Many experts believe that social innovation, as a new paradigm, can provide innovative solutions to various problems by involving various organizations such as universities and institutions of higher learning, as well as members of the community. Therefore, it seems necessary to orient universities and higher education institutions towards teaching social innovation and discovering methods for teaching it. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify and categorize the drivers of social innovation education and the mentality of academic experts in this regard using the Mixed approach and Q method. The statistical population of the study consists of professors and lecturers in the field of education and doctoral students active in the field of social innovation and social entrepreneurship in University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University of Isfahan, Gonbad Kavous State University, and Shahid Beheshti Higher Education Center. Purposeful sampling and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy, 20 of them were selected as sample members. According to the research approach, which is in the category of mixed research; It should be noted that in the qualitative part of the research, using 20 interviews, the atmosphere of discourse was obtained and by using their opinions and views, samples, and options of Q and in continuation, Q collection was obtained. Also, in the quantitative part, the data obtained in the qualitative part were analyzed using Spss software, which finally included four final mental patterns, including; Mental approach to individual and social empowerment; Mental approach to policy-making and extra-organizational support; Cultural and value mental approach and structural and managerial mental approach within the organization were identified.