جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عدالت توزیعی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Artificial intelligence is one of the most basic and serious topics of research and investigation in the world today. Artificial intelligence is progressing and developing in a lightning-fast and amazing manner in the current era. Very soon, we will see huge changes and developments in this type of new technology. This new technique and technology has been widely used internationally in various professions and industries. The profession of law, law, and distributive justice is not exempt from this issue; now this question is raised, which of the tools will be more useful and appropriate to achieve distributive justice; Human intelligence or artificial intelligence? Is it possible to bring society closer to real justice and fairness with this new technology in this modern era? What is certain is that artificial intelligence with the behavior of human intelligence strengthens capabilities and increases efficiency. Therefore, the findings using descriptive, analytical, and argumentative methods show that artificial intelligence in terms of speed, accuracy, and decision-making power in analysis and problem analysis is more effective and efficient compared to human intelligence. Thus, the use of this new technology helps a lot in the fair distribution of incomes, opportunities, and important economic issues in society. Although the negative effects caused by the expansion of this new technology cause economic, educational, moral, and other discriminations and inequalities; however, it is possible to reduce the negative effects of these inequalities caused by the development of this new technology by exercising caution, carefully managing and monitoring data, creating programs and supporting laws, and using artificial intelligence technology based on the principles of distributive justice.

The research method in the present research is descriptive-analytical and its type is basic in terms of purpose and documentary and field methods are used to collect information. The statistical population of this research consists of all the rural areas of Jiroft city. According to the statistics provided by Iran Statistics Center in 2015, Jiroft city has a population of 308,858 people and 92,937 households. Of these, 153,153 people with 46,543 households live in urban areas and 155,698 people with 46,392 households live in rural areas of the city. Also, in this research, cluster sampling method (multi-stage) was used. For this purpose, in the first stage, among the 4 districts of Jiroft city, among the 14 villages of this city according to the census of 2015, 11 villages were selected as a cluster sample, and then a number of villages were randomly selected from each cluster, and in total, the desired samples were from The level of 11 villages was collected. According to the 2015 census, this city has 30 villages with more than 1000 inhabitants (Jabalbarz 2 villages, Markazi 21 villages, Ismaili 7 villages).In the following, to investigate the effect of distributive justice and procedural justice on the "infrastructure of the creative village", while confirming the positive and significant correlation of these two variables with Pearson's correlation test, the results of structural equation modeling with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach show that The dimension of distributive justice, taking into account the direct and indirect effects, has had a greater impact on the infrastructure of the creative village in the sample settlements with a coefficient of 0.755. In general, according to the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable of creative village infrastructure (0.969),

Social benefits are one of the important topics of distributive justice discussed in the field of social justice. For instance، criteria of distribution and entitled groups as three issues of distributive justice are always discussed and investigated socially and legally. The importance of the answers to the mentioned issues will be decisive in the way people benefit from wealth، positions and the presentation of justice indicators. Considering the importance of public goods issues in public law، the main problem of the current research is to identify، explain and answer the mentioned issues from the perspective of the constitution. In this paper، using content analysis method، the titles of social gifts and related issues were analyzed and researched. The results show that according to the constitution، many titles are included under the title of social benefits. These benefits should be distributed in target communities based on criteria such as equality of opportunity، equality of opportunity، legal equality and general equality. Considering these gifts and revisiting its examples will create a suitable platform for a better understanding of the constitution and a more correct establishment of other policies and instruments in related fields.

The present research aimed at studying the effects of religiousness and political orientation on justice feeling among Iranian citizens regarding Iranian government´s welfare plans. This perspective is important because the political sovereignty of Iran with an inseparable tie with religion tries to have a different attitude towards social welfare and justice based on religious concepts. The present research framework was developed based on the theories of criticizing the government of welfare and Bourdieu´s theory. The present research was carried out by survey method and using questionnaire administered among Khoramabad citizens in 2021. The research sampling was designed through integrating cluster sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling with 400 as the sample volume. The results showed that Khorramabad citizens have not an equal attitude towards Iranian governments´ social welfare plans. Regarding the three previous governments, Khoramabad citizens assessed welfare plans of Khatami´s government as higher than that of Rohani´s government. Regarding their hope for the next government´s welfare plans, majority of the population predict the same or worse conditions. The research results showed that their commitment towards religious rituals and political orientations have effects on their assessment of a government´s welfare plans, i.e., the individuals with fundamentalist orientation and religious believes assess plans for distributive justice higher. The results also showed that priorities in the individuals´ orientation or attitude resulted in accepting or rejecting governmental institutions in their minds; moreover, the individuals assess securing the social needs and distributive justice in the governments´ welfare plans as biased for or against them.

Today, social justice is one of the most important needs of human societies. It has also beenintroduced as one of the parameters for social development, because citizens to achieve desirable life conditionsin their society need social justice. The present research objective is to study social justice role in providingsocial happiness of Arak citizens in 2010. Regarding objective, data gathering method, and data nature, thepresent research is an applied one, descriptive of correlation and survey type, and quantitave respectively. Thestatistical population is consisted of Arak 15-64-year old citizens in 2009. The statistical sample was determinedto include 400 individuals based on Morgan table of sampling. The results showed that social justice explainssignificantly 63% of individual happiness and collective happiness; distributive justice explains significantly69% of social happiness. Moreover, interactional justice, gender justice, judicial justice, and biological justiceexplain significantly 45%, 37%, 49%, and 41% of social happiness of Arak citizens, respectively. Happy citizensis of requirements for a society to achieve development and humanly causes. To improve their happiness, thereshould be a promising atmosphere in a society 's structure, and social justice is one of important instruments tothis end.

The issue of usury in Islamic banking is always familiar with late payment penalties. Therefore, to get rid of this problem, various theories have been proposed. In this research, analytical-descriptive methods have been used to investigate the solution to get rid of the usurious nature of late payment. Some jurists have come up with solutions to solve the jurisprudential problem of late fines and consider it as Shariah. But what has been neglected is that many legal scholars do not have the possibility to use this general capacity of the country, which is the Muslim right of the members of the society, due to the fatwa of their authority regarding the sanctity of late fines. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to disqualify a significant part of the religious people who, based on the fatwa of some Imami and Sunni jurists, regarding the sanctity of late payment fines, from receiving bank facilities such as loans, Murabahah and Jaalah. For this purpose and in line with distributive justice in the discussion of resource allocation, it is possible to propose this important and practical policy to the central bank, which is in accordance with Shia and Sunni jurisprudence, a new version of bank contracts in which methods such as the allocation of late crimes to expenses If the charity is expected, prepare and communicate it to the banking network.

This study aimed to develop a model emphasizing justice in the recruitment of human resources at a macro level in Iran. The objective was identified after examining the current needs in human resource recruitment, considering the broader context.

Employing a qualitative method based on Grounded Theory approach, this research engaged experts with significant knowledge and practical experience in human resource recruitment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection and ATLAS.ti software was applied to facilitate a more structured analysis of the data gathered.

Through the examination of interview transcripts, we identified such key elements as justice-oriented recruitment assessment factors, causal variables, contextual conditions, mediating variables, and outcomes. Results underscore the impact of institutional oversight, employment discrimination, quality of tests, and quality of employment policies on justice-oriented human resource recruitment within government organizations.

Originality: 

No other study has so far focused on the macro level aspect of justice-oriented recruitment in Iran. Regarding justice-oriented perspective on human resource recruitment, this research contributes a macro-level framework from a policy making viewpoint. Through this vision, it identifies influential factors, contextual conditions, mediating variables, and outcomes.

Establishing justice in contracts has always been the subject of many challenges, most notably the differences in explaining the concept of justice as well as the various ways in which it is implemented, including distributive and corrective justice. Accordingly, the main challenge of this research is to examine the concept of corrective justice and its place in the field of contract law and to examine some of its important instances in common law Iranian law. At the end of this article, it will be clear that reform justice is nowadays applied in the field of contract law in the assumption that the benefit of one contract equals the loss of the other party and that the correction of wrongful conduct in the performance of contracts is the result. This face of justice is in many ways, including disgorgement, expectation interest, contra proferentem in current contract law.Keywords: reciprocal justice, distributive justice, disgorgement, expectation interest, contra proferentem.

Investigating government obligations is one of the important topics in the field of public law studies. The commitment to achieve distributive justice is also one of the duties and obligations of governments to eliminate poverty and deprivation in societies. In the system of the Islamic Republic, this type of commitment derived from Islamic teachings has become the governing spirit of the Constitution and the ultimate and essential goal of the government arising from it. Despite this, the evidence shows that distributive justice has not been realized not only in Iran's society after the Islamic Revolution; Rather, the occurrence of a deep class gap and the accumulation and monopoly of wealth and power will lead the society to decline and collapse? The problem is, what causes and factors have caused such anomalous conditions in the religious and revolutionary society of Iran? In response to the question raised, the findings of this research, which were obtained using the descriptive, analytical and argumentative method, show that the obligations contained in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran are often of the "obligation by means" type, that is, efforts To prepare the work without achieving the result, while the government's commitments will achieve the desired result when it moves towards "commitment to the goal".

With the growth and development of urbanization, the connection of city dwellers with nature has decreased. Therefore, public parks have become very important in cities. The current research will seek to determine the spatial justice index of parks in Tehran's 1st district by using modelling, GIS analysis functions, and the pair weighting method. This research, explains the 4 main indicators of the justice of the spatial distribution of parks, including the share of the park population from the area of influence, the efficiency of the parks, the elasticity of the population of blocks in the area of influence, and also using the research method of information modelling, it is found that the spatial distribution of parks is based on the hierarchical division in Zone 1 of Tehran is random and has 3 modes: 1- Spatial distribution of neighbourhood and neighbourhood parks with a small distance from each other 2- Spatial distribution of regional and district parks in a single neighbourhood 3- A combination of the spatial distribution of regional and district parks near neighbourhood and neighbourhood parks. In the analyses performed, the first and third modes of justice index of the spatial distribution of parks show a higher numerical value. Meanwhile, the third mode shows a lower numerical value due to the concentration of a regional or district park in a neighbourhood. Based on this, to investigate the level of distribution inequality at the neighbourhood level, it was found that the distribution of a park at the regional and district level alone has caused inequality at the neighbourhood level, including Gulab Dareh neighbourhood, Niavaran. Also, using the Gini coefficient, we find that places like Gulab Dareh, Niavaran, Hazar Seng, Dezashib, Hekmat, etc. have the highest level of inequality in the spatial distribution of parks in their level

Whereas contracts are the legal tools for the substantiation of economic transactions, in order to respond to the needs of economic actors in accordance with the evolution of economic approaches, they have changed. Developments in economic schools can be classified in one sense in the form of classical, neoclassical and behavioral schools. The main purpose of the study is to examine the developments of contractual justice from the perspective of economic developments in the context of these schools. Recruiting a descriptive-analytical design, the study revealed that commutative and distributive justices are the foundations of contractual justice and complement each other. Commutative justice has always been the basic principle of contract law; however, its scope has expanded beyond the concept of fair pricing in the pre-classical era. Distributive justice, after the advent of neoclassical economics, became more prominent at the same time as the need for government intervention in the economy to address the side effects of a free economy. The school of behavioral economics, by questioning the hypothesis of rational choice and the neo-classical school of economics, raised the need to pay attention to the cognitive biases of individuals in decision-making, especially in the consumer market and in terms of standard terms. It has, despite the optimization of the concept of justice in contracts, at the same time, created fears of excessive government protectionist interventions in contracts. In general, commutative and distributive justice complement each other in establishing contractual justice.

One of the most important duties of the government in order to achieve distributive justice is to eliminate poverty and deprivation in the society, which can be identified in the Iranian constitution and the international covenant. The rights of the international covenant are also included in the constitutions of most of the countries of the world, including the country of Iran, and the governments are committed to these rights, despite the limitation of their sovereignty; But the problem is that, despite the many efforts of the government and the duties that are under the responsibility of the government based on the laws, but until now, distributive justice has not been achieved in the desired way. The present research, with the descriptive and analytical method, while explaining and analyzing the legal aspects of the important and fundamental concepts of the subject, with the aim of identifying the obligations of the government related to distributive justice in the constitution and the international covenant, and with legal analysis and interpretation, it will investigate how the subject is from different perspectives. became. and the international covenant and with legal analysis and interpretation, it will be investigated how the issue is from different perspectives.

The quality of work life as one of the effective components of human resource management can make any organization, especially creative organizations, successful in reaching their goals. One of the important and effective indicators of the culture of organizational excellence is the quality of work life, which is considered one of the components of performance improvement. The improvement of this index leads to the alignment of employees and the organization. While this variable is of special importance for employees, it is considered one of the tools of the organization to achieve its goals. The quality of work life in any organization is affected by various factors that can affect its level in different ways. Among these factors, we can mention the existence of organizational justice and employees' perception of it. Employees' perception of justice in the organization affects the employees' feelings, attitudes, beliefs and behavior and ultimately, it will be effective on the organization's performance, durability and output. Managers, especially in creative organizations such as media organizations, need to create a proper understanding of justice in their employees to promote progress, improvement and dynamism. Organizational justice in media organizations such as the Islamic Republic of Iran Television Network will have an undeniable effect on the quality of work life of its employees and, further, on the performance and results of this television network. In any creative organization that seeks to improve the quality of life of knowledge seekers and expand educational justice, it seems necessary to pay attention to organizational justice and the quality of the work life of employees and, as a result, the relationship between these two factors. Therefore, in the course of this research, an attempt has been made to examine the dimensions of organizational justice among the employees of this network and to investigate its relationship with the quality of work life.

This research is descriptive in terms of approach (correlation), applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of measurement and analysis method. Its statistical population is the employees of the Television Education Network of the Islamic Republic of Iran, using Powersample software, 64 of them were selected and analyzed as a sample by a simple random method. Survey method and questionnaire tool were used to collect data. In this questionnaire, the standard test of Niehoff and Moorman (1993) was used to measure organizational justice, and the standard test of Walton (1973) was used for the quality of work life. To measure the validity of the collection tool, the face validity method was used and to determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software. For this purpose, due to the normality of the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the research hypotheses and the determination coefficient was used to check the effect.

The findings of the research indicate that in terms of understanding organizational justice, 3.1% of employees have expressed a very low level, 21.9% low, 40.6% moderate, 28.1% high and 6.3% very high. It should be noted that in the continuum 1-5, distributive justice has the highest rank among the components of organizational justice, with an average of 3.5, followed by procedural justice and transactional justice, both with an average of 3. Also, these findings show that in terms of quality of work life, 4.7% of employees are at a low level, 25% are at an average level, 62.5% are at a high level, and 7.8% are at a very high level. It should be noted that among the components of the quality of working life, fair and adequate payment has the highest rank with an average of 4.26, followed by legality in the organization and social integration and cohesion with an average of 4, and then the development of human capabilities with an average of 3.65. , providing the opportunity for continuous growth and security with an average of 3.64, safe and healthy work environment with an average of 3.34, general life atmosphere with an average of 3.21 and finally social dependence of work life with an average of 3. Based on the results of the research hypothesis test, with a 1% error, it can be said that there is a direct and significant correlation between organizational justice and its components with the quality of work life. This correlation has been reported in the case of the distributive justice component at a weak level and in other cases at an average level. In other words, the more the level of organizational justice and its components increases, the quality of the work life of employees will also improve. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 10% of changes in the quality of work life are influenced by the distributive justice component, about 20% by the procedural justice component, and about 20% by the relational justice component

The quality of working life and its components are affected by various factors, including organizational justice. The results of the research confirm the direct and positive relationship between organizational justice and its components and the quality of work life of employees in the Islamic Republic of Iran's television network. The relationship between the variables of organizational justice and the quality of work life, in addition to the nature of communication under the effective components of human resource management, is also the focus of attention from the perspective of social exchange theory. "Comparing" as an important component in the theory of social exchange and measuring its profit and loss is one of the foundations of people's judgment about relationships. Organizational justice and quality of work life are formed in the structure of relationships in the organization. It can be argued that improving employees' perception of organizational justice will increase the quality of work life and, as a result, increase job satisfaction, increase productivity, strengthen the foundation of the organization, and ensure the achievement of organizational goals.

News organizations are among the service organizations in which employees are trained to provide various services to the beneficiaries and with proper service delivery, they meet the needs of the beneficiaries. Beneficiaries should focus. However, employees of news organizations face psychological tensions in their work environment. The employees of news agencies, due to the need to provide diverse services to different stakeholders as well as the pressures of promotion and receiving job benefits according to the volume of their activities, are prone to be affected by the effects of job challenges. For example, when the workload is high and budget cuts occur, employees are forced to perform a large number of tasks with minimal budget. In such a situation, there is a lot of pressure on the employees and they may not be able to deal with this situation. For this reason, in order for employees to be able to deal with problems and issues in their career path in uncertain conditions, it is necessary to equip them with new personal and psychological capacities that help in stressful situations. Resilience causes employees to use their capacities to achieve individual success in difficult situations and despite risk factors. Considering the importance of job resilience in media organizations, including internet news agencies, identifying and strengthening factors affecting it as a psychological capacity is very important. Media resilience means the ability of media organizations to maintain survival and performance during disasters and stressful events. Media resilience of news agencies as media organizations is of particular importance due to the prominent role, they play in crisis management. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of transformational management and distributive justice in improving the level of job resilience of employees, which was conducted in the form of a case study on the employees of Internet news agencies.

The current research is considered "applied" in terms of its purpose, "descriptive" in terms of research design, and "survey" in terms of research method. A conceptual model was designed based on research literature. The data collection tool was a questionnaire taken from the experimental background of the research. The statistical population of the research includes all the employees of three internet news agencies in Tehran. With the help of available sampling, a sample consisting of 184 employees of these news agencies was considered. In addition, for the statistical analysis of data, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression analysis were used using SPSS statistical software.

Results showed that the occurrence of transformational behavior of managers and supervisors and the current distributive justice in the organization can improve the level of job resilience of internet news agency employees. According to the results, the transformational leadership of the managers of Internet news agencies and the establishment of distributive justice in the news agency explain about 76% of the variance of the job resilience of the employees of these news organizations.

Since high resilience increases media employees’ ability to cope with work stresses and increases their job satisfaction, it was vital to study media employees’ resilience and perceptions of transformational leadership. Transformational leadership is one of the leadership paradigms to improve the performance of Internet news agencies in a turbulent environment with the ability to motivate employees and develop an organizational culture in which ethical procedures are considered a behavioral norm, tries to predict environmental changes. And they form an image of a clear and needed future vision. Transformational leadership is a style of leadership in which the leader influences the beliefs, values and goals of the followers, is recognized as a hero, and has a great impact on his followers. Transformational leaders motivate subordinates by providing the necessary ground for the emergence of their abilities and skills and by increasing their self-confidence.  Distributive justice by establishing justice in different job outcomes including income, job schedule and job responsibility, will lead to increasing the resilience of news agency employees in turbulent and difficult conditions. Distributive justice refers to the understanding of the fairness of the results in the organization and it is judged in this way whether the rewards are suitable for the costs. Do the results meet expectations? Is the ratio of people equal compared to others? Distributive justice refers to the attitudes and thoughts of employees regarding the appropriateness of outputs and receipts. Distributive justice is predicted according to values. Resilience is the ability to successfully adapt to threatening conditions. It shows that organizational justice can affect increasing the level of organizational resilience. To our knowledge, no studies in Iran have investigated the relationship between self-reported resilience among employees of media organizations and their perceptions of transformational leadership as well as distributive justice.

The quality of bayt al-mal distribution is one of the crucial issues in the Islamic system, and its fair distribution can create economic justice, public welfare, and social security in all strata of society. The present study aims to answer that Imam Ali's (AS) seerah in the administration of justice in the distribution of the bayt al-mal was based on which foundations and principles? To answer this question, the problem was investigated by reading the relevant books and in a descriptive-analytical way. In this research, after investigating the method of performance of Imam Ali (AS) in distributing the bayt al-mal, we concluded that Imam was able to direct the expenses of bayt al-mal with his unique knowledge. So, homogeneous economic growth was available in social classes, and this growth was not accumulated in a specific stratum. Imam aimed to grow all social classes and strongly avoided the concentration of wealth and the creation of social gaps. In this regard, Imam used to pay the shares of different classes of people from bayt al-mal equally according to their work criterion, need, and expediency.

The possibility of achieving comprehensive criteria and their effect in achieving social justice, especially in the contemporary era, has been in the focus of the attention of justice scholars and political philosophers, which, in addition to sectoral discipline in the form of compilation, implementation, evaluation and correction, is a tool for designing a suitable model for the distribution of material facilities. and provide spiritual and correct judgment of the existing situation. The result of this research, which was carried out with the aim of discovering the Qur'an's opinion about these principles and by a descriptive and analytical method and relying on authentic interpretations, is the extraction of eleven principles. The principles of primary equality, calculation of the consequences of action, transparency and attention to the level of awareness are the basis.The principles of individual responsibility, proportionality of scope and task, proportionality of effort and reward, attention to role and effect, proportionality of crime and punishment, and putting aside emotions will be practical principles. And at the end, a model for calculation and fair action has been designed and presented.

By adopting a sociological approach, the present research tries to study distributive justice feeling among Khorramabad citizens regarding welfare programs of the Iranian Government; meanwhile, it reviews different approaches to relationship between development, distributive justice, and social welfare. The present research was carried out by survey method and using questionnaire in March, 2022. By considering social welfare levels in different urban regions in Khorramabad, the research sampling was designed through integrating cluster sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling with 400 as the sample volume. The results showed that the distributive justice feeling of Khorramabad citizens regarding social welfare was low, and only 2.4 % of the people considered this feeling high. And, regarding its different dimensions, i.e., distribution of job opportunities, employment, and governance, they felt more discrimination, and the feeling came to the lowest point regarding the dimensions of individual freedoms and their use of media and communications.Examining the hypotheses, the results showed that the variables social welfare needs, trust level for welfare programs of the government, and the amount of economic capital are more interdependent with the variable distributive justice feeling regarding governmental welfare programs. The regression analysis findings showed that independent variables predict 50.8 % of the variable variance of distributive justice feeling level regarding social welfare programs of the government. Among them, the net effect of the variable welfare needs ...

The realization of trust as one of the most important human ideals has long been considered by thinkers of every age. Admittedly, many researchers have addressed the factors influencing the sense of social justice by citizens, including the variables of religion. The results of research show that religiosity has always had a positive effect on people's sense of social trust and as the religiosity of individuals increases, so does their sense of social trust. Therefore, in this study, using the standard questionnaire of religiosity Grag and Stark and also the division of the sense of social justice into procedural and distributive justice the effect of religiosity on the sense of social justice has been investigated. The statistical population of this study includes students of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan. In this study, 378 students were selected as a statistical sample using the online questionnaire. The coefficient of determination of 0.13 shows that the effect of religiosity on the sense of social justice in the statistical population of the present study is moderate, which is very meaningful and reminds the need for pathology and strengthening their religious foundations. On the other hand, the results show that religiosity has a positive and significant effect on increasing social trust between individuals.