جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نخبگان قدرت » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

This study focuses on the cycle of authoritarianism in post-revolutionary Iran. The epistemic foundation of the pattern of authoritarianism dynamics in Iran is the democratization theory. This study claims that the democratization dynamics moves the Iranian society from the authoritarian regime to the democratic transition stage. In this process, the authoritarian regime collapses and the democratic transition period begins. In a very short time, the process of democratization in the transition zone gets stuck, and then gradually the historical trajectories move it toward authoritarianism. In response to the reproduction of the wave of authoritarianism, a revolutionary movement usually occurs. This movement leads to the collapse of the authoritarian regime. This study claims that a cyclical pattern has been prevalent in Iran during some historical periods. It means that Iran has experienced the democratization of the authoritarian system, but it has alternated back and forth between democratization and the authoritarian regime. The theoretical argument is that the cycle of authoritarianism is explained by a conjunctural causation. The causal conditions are the quality of political institutions and the agency of elites in power and social actors. Society moves towards authoritarianism if political institutions are exclusive and the agency of power elites is based on structural constraints on the opposition and social actors have structural limitations in their strategic choices. This study used a historical approach to the analysis of the authoritarianism cycle. The analysis resulted in the proposition that if the path of democratic reforms is closed, authoritarians choose the strategy of repression and radical actors choose the strategy of violence. In this case, the dynamics of authoritarianism will gradually lead to the stagnation of power, and then the force of radical actors will move the society toward the collapse of the ruling regime.

Since long time ago the elite, in particular the political elite, have played an important role in the various aspects of developments of societies, especially security issue. Historic experiences have indicated that the rise and elevation and/or collapse of any country, to a great extent, depends on the role of the political elite, and their reflection plays a determining and effective role in implementation of political and social programs on one side, and manner of fulfillment of the aspirations of the public, on the other. National security provision is among the priorities of the Islamic system in national and regional policymaking. Chief among indexes of national security provision are: political independence, preservation of territorial integrity, political stability, social cohesion and economic welfare. The main question to be answered in the present study is pertaining to the security role of the political elite (power) in promoting national security of Islamic Republic of Iran. The theoretical framework taken into consideration in the present study is the security view points of the Copenhagen school, particularly Barry Buzan regarding national security: its cultural, social, economic, political, security, environmental aspects. The method used in this research is a combination of consecutive qualitative and quantitative methods. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by factor analysis and the reliability of question was checked and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.973). The statistical population of this study includes officials, professors and experts active in national security areas, and the relevant sample has been selected purposefully. N= 81 including professors, officials and experts involved in the areas of national security who have sufficient information on this very research and are willing to cooperate and fill in the relevant questionnaire. The research findings indicate that there is significant difference between the status quo of the elite performance and the expectations of the community (desirable conditions). In other words, the community elites, due to various reasons, have not had a proper and desirable performance.

Using Elite Theory and Institutional Approach, the present article studies the power group in the city of Tehran. The main questions of the research are: Do the heads of important institutions in Tehran form a power elite group? And is this group influential dealing with the social problems of Tehran?The article concentrates on the state organizations of the city and takes it for granted that their heads are power elites. The Research method includes studying documents and interviews with the elites. We have gathered our data through study of the individuals’ performance, decision makings, and relations regarding some special events. Individuals’ social characteristics are part of our data, as well.