جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Alevis » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

One of the aspects of the synthesis between religious freedom and freedom of teaching is the correct description of the legal system of religious education in schools. The aim of the research is the explanation of this system in the Council of Europe member States, especially in consideration of respect for the teachings of minorities, focusing on the situation of Turkish Alevis. These descriptions will help us to answer the following question i.e. what are the parameters of the European Court of Human Rights in outlining a legal system of religious education that requires States to respect the faith of minorities and whythe Turkish government does notrecognize Alevis as an independent minority. The result of our research is that from the point of view of European Court, a State can teach a particular religion in its education system, but these teachings must not affect the rights of Alevis. Ankara wants to strengthen its national and religious unity; hence it does not recognize Alevis as an autonomous community. All this is in contrast with the jurisprudence of the European Court and against Turkish secular system.

The presence of the Alawis in the north of Iran and the spread of their thoughts has had a profound influence on the regions. The present study will provide a descriptive analysis of the socio-political heritage of Nāsir al-Utrūsh and the effect of his activities during his settlement in the very regions. Through the promotion of Shia political doctrines, Nāsir al-Haqq restored the political authority of the Alawis. He emphasized on the significance of cherishing human dignity in political ethics, tolerance with the opponents, forgiveness of the wrongdoers, and mercy toward the subordinate. He considered social unity as an important factor in achieving his highest aspirations. His jurisprudential instructions implied the attempts to accord Zaidi jurisprudence with Imami Jurisprudence. He was also the founder of the first madrasa for Islamic instructions, and had the most effective role in converting the people of the regions to Islam.

Turkey's efforts to woo Europe in more than half a century have not helped this country to be a member of EU yet.  At this point none of them can step back from the Turkey's EU process, but still European Union members are not ready to accept turkey as a new member. This essay tries to understand why EU still hesitates to accept turkey. Although, some reasons like economy and human right are formally consider as the main obstacles in Turkey's EU process, we cannot ignore immaterial obstacles and different identities in this process. Justice and Development Party (AKP), had functionalist approach till 2007 in EU integration. But after judicial coup d’état in 2007, turkey’s foreign policy under the rule of AKP, tends to constructivism. So in this essay we focus on functionalism to explain parts of obstacles on Turkey's accession and at the same time use constructivism to explain the other parts. With constructivism theories, we will show how identity and Turkey's image in Europe and EU image in turkey do not help them to integrate more.

The rapid development of Ottoman Empire in the early 13th century A. D. to include Byzantium and the Balkans was due to both material and spiritual factors; and in this regard, one can refer to the spiritual relationship between Baktashieh and the Ottoman Army called "Yenichiris". The positive relationship between the Shiite orders and the Ottoman rulers persisted so long as the former worked within a legitimate framework; thus, the religious leaders, the Sufi sects, and Alevis supported the ruling government. The decline of the role of religion and the religious institutions caused the public revolts. Overlooking the warnings from the religious scholars, and getting involved in a variety of corruptions, first Bayazid caused the public revolts to be conceived. The establishment of Safavid Government in 1501 A. D. encouraged the esoteric Shiites, and was a major factor in the development of the Shiite Culture. The increasing rise of the economic scandals and oppressions are also regarded as the major factors in the revolts. Explaining the above-mentioned factors, this paper is concerned to examine the various Islamic and especially Shiite revolts of the early 13th century.

Sham (the classical Arabic name for Syria) has been populated by the adherents of different Islamic sects ever since the coming of Islam. Shiite sects have also been living in this territory since the early centuries after Hegira; even they have sometimes succeeded in establishing Shiite governments. Jabal Amel once was one of the most important academic centers for Shiite jurisprudence. These considerations are indicative of the utmost importance of the examination of the history and beliefs of this territory. One of the ways in which one can study the history, society, and the beliefs of the people of a region, is to take its holy shrines and sacred places into account. Thus, the present writing is concerned to consider the most important tombs of different Shiite sects. The paper is divided into four parts, each of which is concerned with the tombs of one sect: the first part is concerned with the tombs of Twelvers; the second with the tombs of Alevis; the third with the tombs of Ismailis; and the fourth with the tombs of Hurufis. Discussing the center of every sect, each part has been concerned with a brief introduction of its holy tombs. Finally, two considerations have been made about the significance of the study of these tombs.