جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Religious Good » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The relationship between the foundation of ethics and the criteria for assessing good and bad actions and behaviors of individuals from the perspective of divine command theorists, and its connection with human rights, has always been a subject of contemplation. In one approach (the theory of divine command), the nature of ethical actions and behaviors is rooted in divine rules and the will of God. However, in another approach (human rights), ethical concepts inherently possess value rooted in a rights-based moral system and based on autonomy and inherent human dignity. This research aims to evaluate and analyze the prevailing discourse on human rights and its theoretical foundations in comparison to the theory of divine command. Through a descriptive-analytical method, the main finding of this study suggests that the relationship between human rights and the theory of divine command, which belongs to the duty-based ethics, is inherently contradictory in terms of their respective principles, and the emphasis on obligations in the duty-based approach hinders the assertion and claim of rights.

The Arabeen Ritual March is one of the world’s greatest annual pilgrimage assemblies. In addition to the acquired religious experience through presentence in this march, participation in the voluntary gratuitous activates and services for the pilgrims is a referent of the concept of religious good. The manifestations of these activities and contributions to religious good have two spheres, i.e. Iranian and Iraqi. On the one hand, the Iraqis have the main contribution and render greatest chunk of services to the pilgrims, and, on the other hand, simultaneous with the increase in the number of Iranian pilgrims, their contribution to the services to the pilgrims too are increasing. Qualitative research method was employed and the necessary data was collected through interview and participative observation, including photos, films and field notes. The findings of the research indicate that despite similarities between the Iranian and Iraqi services and activities, there are basic differences between them regarding their management style, establishment of makeshift service stations (mokebs), role of government in organizing the executive affairs of the Arabaeen March, political and revolutionary incentives behind the religious good activities and the level of competition for rendering services. On the basis of the abovementioned findings, the connotations of the findings of this research have been discussed for suitable policymaking related to the way of government’s handling of the religious and good actions during the Arabaeen Ritual March.

The present paper aims to explore the relationship between religion and ethics from the perspective of Ibn Taymiyyah and Robert Adams. For this purpose, this article investigates comprehensively the standpoints of these two thinkers in four parts. The results of the research reveal that from the perspective of Ibn Taymiyyah, ethics is dependent upon religion in four dimensions (ontological, epistemological, semantic, and normative). According to Adams, although ethics is dependent on religion in ontological and normative dimensions, they are autonomous regarding epistemological and semantic dimensions. The critical analysis of these two perspectives results in two conclusions. First: there are considerable similarities between these two viewpoints prevailing over their differences. Second: these two thinkers have not provided a proper definition of the relationship between ethics and religion and have not clarified the ethical interaction between God and man.

The present article aims at investigating the fundamentals of expediency convention as a strategy in legal status deduction.
The method of the survey is qualitative research and comparative- analysis approach in studying the theological and jurisprudence texts.
The results of the present research indicate that the convention of expediency is discussed in two fields: before the absolutely clear Text and after it. In the field of before the clear Text (the commands of religion in accordance withbenefits and depravities) wisdom and rationality is considered as an important place in general benefits; although there are different ideas on the area which rationality is able to recognize the benefits and depravities. In the field of after the clear Text (goals of religion) which has more supporters among the Sunnis scholars, any expediency in accordance with great goals of religion is considers as authority (proof) although there are many differences in the ideas of people of the Sunnah on the great goals of religion.
The author of the research concludes the canonic rules are generally based on expediency; but there is no need to be devoted to only rules. It may be originated in divine legislation meaning that the mere legislation of the rule is a sort of expediency. On the other hand if we find expediency in accordance with the supreme goals of the religion, we consider it as our proof (authority).

Among the Muslim scholars the early Asharites especially Imam-Al-Haramain Joveini may be regarded as the exponents of the causal interpretation of the theory of divine command concerning ethics. According to Joveini, the rightness or wrongness of any action can be accounted for by the divine commands or prohibitions; and in fact, a given action is good if God commands it, and bad if God prohibits it. Although the divine command theory in general and its causal interpretation in particular include useful insights, it is subject to sever criticisms which will be discussed in this paper.