جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Temporary Shelter » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The speed of provision and establishment of housing for the survivors of accidents is an important issue in crisis management, the simplest solution for temporary housing is light and mobile structures that can be implemented and used in any place and situation. Temporary housing must be flexible. It should be sufficient against the special conditions of any environment, and it should have good transportability, installation and execution speed. The current research is a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytical nature and it tries to identify design solutions and Effective on safety and security. After examining the living conditions after the accidents, a prefabricated structure sample will be presented that is suitable for the accommodation conditions after the accidents in each region. The National Building Code was carried out and loaded in Etabs software based on topic 6 of the National Building Regulations and its earthquake load was calculated according to the standard 2800, fourth edition and in the area with a very high earthquake risk, and these results indicate that this structure It is ready to serve in any region under any conditions and can reduce the costs of temporary accommodation and short-term settlements through the use of these structures. This structure can be adapted to the architectural features and climatic conditions and the quality of life promotes.
 

The current study focuses on the planning, management and design of a temporary accommodation camp as well as the design of a temporary shelter. The main goal is to present the physical model of a temporary accommodation camp in the football field of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, to be used after an earthquake, considering the physical and non-physical conditions of the district 1 and the existing infrastructure. 

This is a descriptive-analytical survey study. Qualitative method and interviews with five experts, field observation, documents, and articles were used for collecting information. 

Based on the findings of observations, interviews and the library information, the suitable space for the establishment of the accommodation complex in the university was identified and predicted, based on this, the description of the duties of the established bodies was stated. Then, according to the design priorities, temporary accommodation was designed and the production arrangements were determined to reduce the risk.

The results give an insight into the construction projects related to temporary accommodation and transportation in post-disaster conditions in Tehran, considering the economic, environmental and psychological conditions of the residents, and issues such as innovative locating, flexibility, coordinated planning and reusability and the use of social capital.

The purpose of this research is to select temporary accommodation centers after the earthquake crisis to meet the needs of the victims. Therefore, this research has tried to identify temporary accommodation sites in District 22 of Tehran with the help of effective criteria. The required data has been obtained from the Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization and the results of the general population and housing census of 2017. The novelty of this research is to present a new combination approach to determine the effective criteria for locating temporary shelter sites. In this regard, the combination of geographically weighted regression (Gaussian and tri-cube kernels) with a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm was used. The recommended combination method is suitable for spatial regression problems because it is compatible with two unique properties of spatial data, i.e. spatial autocorrelation and spatial non-stationarity. The best value of the fitness function (1-R2) for Gaussian and tri-cube kernels was obtained at 0.04616 and 0.0097, respectively, which indicates the high compatibility of the tri-cube kernel with effective criteria. According to the obtained maps, Chitgar Park and Azadi Sports Complex are some of the widest and most suitable areas for the construction of temporary shelter sites after the earthquake crisis in the case study. By identifying temporary shelters, relevant organizations can provide the appropriate infrastructure for these selected centers so that there is no need to spend time to provide these services in the event of an earthquake.

Background & Objects: 

Many goals can be imagined for this project, but achieving all these goals is a long and time-consuming task, and it is not possible to achieve all of them in one project, but in general, the main goal of the project is to find a plan that is suitable for temporary housing. can have the most efficiency for the accident victims while causing the least damage to the environment, some of these efficiencies are as follows: 1- Using recycled materials or materials with a very long life 2- Lightweight with easy packaging and transportation 3-quick to install, cheap and economical so that it is cost-effective for workers.

This study is a functional research by using descriptive-analytic method. Due to necessity, this article is a combination of library studies including books, treatises and articles, internet searches, conducting interviews with experts and victims of past accidents, receiving existing data and site visits. It has been tried to present an efficient plan in accordance with the set goals while studying the existing indicators and criteria and examining the samples of prefabricated shelters and past experiences.

One of the most important challenges after disasters is the design of a suitable model for temporary accommodation during the organizing period. So far, many structures have been designed as temporary shelters and provided to the victims of the accident; But in most cases, these structures do not meet the needs of users and also do not have the necessary resistance to changing weather conditions. Even in many cases, it has been seen that the victims of the accident abandoned the built houses and built a new house for themselves with local materials that fit their lifestyle. Despite all the initiatives presented in the category of post-disaster housing, the progress made is small compared to post-disaster reconstruction issues. Therefore, it is necessary to present an effective plan by considering the design criteria of temporary accommodation and paying attention to the needs of the victims of the accident.

Prefabricated construction due to its high speed, less error, and the lack of need for skilled personnel in the installation, can help the crisis management. The participation of the accident victims can make a big impact on their mental rehabilitation. The proposed design can be stored and produced in the form of small packages before the crisis. The use of light materials with high durability is important because of the uncertainty of the completion of the temporary settlement period. Low cost, a different appearance compared to the conex, the ability to use sustainable energy and its usability before (emergency accommodation) and after (permanent) temporary accommodation are the advantages of this plan.

The main reason for designing a temporary residence complex is the lack of a proper place for temporary settlingof Mosul refugees. The poor condition of Mosulians, who were forced to leave their homeland after their city wasoccupied and destructed by ISIL, and their willingness to return and rebuild their houses, motivated this study tobegin. The location of this complex is next to banks of the Tigris River. Since this study might be considered as anarchitectural design project close to urban planning and post disaster reconstruction subjects, explaining researchmethodology is not a main concern as it is common in researching projects, but an attempt has been made to use“User Centered Design” method (UCD) on two issues; the “context of using this plan” as well as “user needs”.According to this, some factors related to locating the site such as buffer distances, necessary requirements andfeatures of urban texture and indigenous architecture, equipments needed to set up this temporary settlement aswell as standard minimum spaces for necessary uses were clarified as the context requirements of this plan, whilereviewing the literature related to emergency and temporary settlements and previous disaster experiences of camp < br />accommodation lead to the main requirements and needs of users. This infrastructure will have two different areas:the first, named “Urgent Humanitarian Aid”, is thought for receiving and caring the newly arrived returnees, andthe second one called “City Reintegration Zone”, aims to reintegrate refugees into society after years of uprootingand will seek to secure a future for families, once they meet their most urgent basic needs in the first area.

Regarding the severe vulnerability of historical textures to earthquake, studying the aspects of the crisis, the particular feature of such contexts and a considering previous related experiences, it is significantly important to temporarily house people during the process of providing a shelter after the incident. It should be noted that finding the most logical yet practical solution would prevent any further catastrophe following the very first crisis. Experience proves that residents of aforementioned with a much more depth in social relationships are far more inclined to stay in the area. Therefore, preparing the suitable circumstances would lead to a shorter time in reaching the normal stage. Hence, the question is what would make temporary shelters necessary and what could be the best solution? The following research ,which is based on a qualitative approach, descriptions and analysis, studies the past of the noted issue and then the way people interact with historical places in various types, all relied on library studies. Subsequently, the data is analyzed, evaluated and resulted in conclusions according to the model of SWOT. By referring to the results of evaluating the suggested model from both inside and out, Due to a sense of belonging and on-going social sustainability, there appears that occupants of historic places tend more than others to inhabit a location close to their residence after earthquake so that they can participate actively in the process of rebuilding while they are able to take care of their possessions (social, cultural and financial ones). Not only does it culminate in taking into account the needs of people, but it also provides them the desire to stay and strive to bring back life and satisfaction.