جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « entrepreneur women » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Over the past three decades, there has been a phenomenal increase in Iranian students in different levels of higher education. And according to the Iranian Statistical Center as reflected by the media, women have overtaken men in entering universities despite the fact that many of them do not get the opportunity to obtain official jobs. Thus, some of the female university graduates opt for entrepreneurship in order to participate in the socio-economic domain of the country. This study aims to understand the narratives of women entrepreneurs regarding the impact of higher education on their entrepreneurial activities. This is a qualitative research based on phenomenological studies. To this aim, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women entrepreneurs. Four main categories extracted include: passion/boredom contradiction, university as a platform for transformation, university as a medium for networking, and the academic field of creativity potentials. Additionally, ten sub-categories were: getting rid of official formalities and system subjugation as staff, nurturing or flourishing creativity and capability, learning fundamentals of entrepreneurship, changes in vision, personality growth and excellence, entrepreneurship and networking, entrepreneurial benefit from diligence to networking, ability and interest convergence in education, and educational guidance. The results indicate that universities are considered gateways to entrepreneurship for female students. Therefore, providing the grounds for establishing or connecting with various networks, promoting self-confidence and morale, and helping students flourish in their abilities will lead to the advancement of entrepreneurship among women and their social, family and individual status.

The main objective of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the success of female entrepreneurs in Tehran. This research is a quantitative survey. The statistical population of the study is entrepreneur women working in various economic and social fields with a sample size of 150 individuals. The results show that the socio-economic characteristics such as age, marital status, education level, work experience and income play an important role in the level of female entrepreneurship in Tehran. That is, the rate of female entrepreneurship is slightly reduced with age. Single people and those with bachelor degrees have a higher entrepreneurial spirit; work experience also increases female entrepreneurship spirit. Ultimately, efforts to increase income promotes the entrepreneurial spirit in women. Based on the results of regression analysis, variables of motivation for progress, innovation, management skills, collaborative culture, entrepreneurial parents, experience of gender discrimination in work, support of state institutions, appropriate legal structures and extensive social relationships have been able to explain 73.7% of the changes in entrepreneurship variable. These results also show that the most important factor in the success of entrepreneurial women is the appropriate legal structures and the support of state institutions, i.e. structural factors.

The participation of women in all aspects of economic life is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic development of rural areas and for that, consider as a fundamental necessity. Accordingly, this article studies the role of women entrepreneurs in rural economic development emphatically on Khoramroud rural district of Tuyserkan city. Research data have been collected by questionnaire and field studies of twenty villages of Khoramroud rural district. After that, the data have been analyzed by descriptive-analytical methodology, field survey and using of Spearman Test. Results anf findings show that the participation of entrepreneur women of Khoramroud rural district has provided the economic development of that area, increase of occupation and revenue along with growth of investment and facilities. Nevertheless, this phenomenon has not caused sustainable economic revival and enrichment with long-term economic diversification of that rural district.

Entrepreneurship is one of the main elements of growth and development. It has attracted more attention due to employment، increasing profit and capital، transforming values، filling workforce market gaps، providing necessary factors for manufacturing goods، service delivery and marketing، offsetting economic failure، meeting social welfare، and participation of all the people in the society. In the context of rural development، entrepreneurship is one of the influential factors for rural development، because by creating new opportunities of and income it can play an effective role in improving economic situation of rural areas (Rezvani and Najarzadeh، 2008; 163). The importance of entrepreneurship activity in rural development is originated from this fact that entrepreneur can identify current opportunities and problems to imitate new solutions for growth and development. Hence، entrepreneural activity has a significant role in rural development through employment، improving quality of life، fair distribution of income، and optimized utilization of resources. Rural women are faced with cultural، economic، and social obstacles to do entrepreneurial activities. This may be originated from unawareness and lack of required trainings. From social perspective، entrepreneurship includes social relationships and leads to growth of talents (Paseban، 2004; 281). Based on the existant literature، social trust is one of the main components of social capital. It has three dimensions including individual trust، institutional trust، and public trust. In addition، a review of previous studies showed that risk-taking and creativity are the two most important factos of entrepreneurship among people. We adopt these dimensions to provide a strong theoretical framework for our research. According to the discussion، the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social trust (as a component of social capital) and entrepreneurial spirit of rural women. It should be noted that to our knowledge، there are little studies that investigated the relationships of social trust and entrepreneurship components in the context of rural women.

Population is women resided in Shirvan village in the rural areas of Borojerd City، Lorestan، Iran. Up to118 entrepreneur women have been selected as sample by a convenience-sampling plan. Questionnaire was self-administrated one that its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha and its validity was supported by the comments of two experts using face validity. Cronbach’s alpha values for individual social trust، public social trust، institutional social trust، risk-taking and creativity are 0. 714، 0. 733، 0. 753، 0. 699، and 0. 713، respectively. This confirms instrument reliability. To analyze data، Kendal correlation has been employed.

The results of descriptive statistics are as following: Of 118 respondents، the majority of them (31. 5 percent) were in the range of 36 to 41 years old and 31 to 35 years old (22. 03 percent). In addition، 84. 74 percent of respondents were married. Finally، in terms of education level، the majority of women (82. 2 percent) were in primary education level or below. The results of our study revealed several important findings that are as following: a) Individual social trust was positively associated with risk-taking of rural women. b) Public social trust was positively associated with risk-taking of rural women. c) Institutional social trust was positively associated with risk-taking of rural women. d) Individual social trust was positively associated with creativity of rural women. e) Public social trust was positively associated with creativity of rural women. f) Institutional social trust was positively associated with creativity of rural women.

Social capital with its multiple dimensions including social trust is a main factor in improving rural society. Presence of these dimensions among various groups of rural women leads to interactions in both intergroup and intragroup level among them. As a result، it fosters potential talents to create entrepreneurial spirit. People having public trust contribute in affairs that are consistent with their attitudes. Trust with its multiple dimensions is a result of positive thinking of an individual in order to collaborate with other people; this is true for rural women because they move to similar sexual groups and similar mental situations and consequently it may lead to risk-taking among them. The entrepreneur attending individual trust and his/her own capital، addition to his/her relationships with informal resources such as friends، family، and etc.، is faced with less structural and law obstacles to perform a business and to introduce an innovation and creativity. This will increase creativity spirit and risk-taking about investment. Institutional trust refers to positive attitude towards formal institutions to create a business. Institutional trust leads to formal relationships between women and developmental institutions and as a result، encourages human capital in terms of creativity and risk-taking.

In recent years, the entry of women into higher education has grown. In these circumstances, encourage entrepreneurship among women graduates in the country to establish independent businesses can play an important role. This research is an applied study, and the nature of the study is descriptive and survey; and has been done to identify the main barriers that women entrepreneurs educated in Iran. Beginning through exploratory interviews with 20 experts identified major barriers and then designed Likert questionnaire included 36 questions. The population consisted of 30 women who were educated and 80 faculty members are experts. Friedman test was used for subsequent data analysisResult (s): The analysis of the data showed that individual barriers and cultural barriers are important to women's entrepreneurship. Also, gender discrimination in the workplace, fear of failure, conjunction corporate affairs and family issues, inconsistency role expectations, bureaucracy and provide initial capital and liquidity requirements are the main causes. Due to the growing women with tertiary education, special attention should be given to these individuals to meet the challenges of entrepreneurship.

Today، entrepreneurship is one of the remarkable socio-economic indicators in achieving excellence and sustainable development goals. Hence، it is necessary to make use of all opportunities and untapped financial and human and capacities، especially the potentials among university-graduated women (as one of the effective and efficient factors of entrepreneurship development) with the aim of devising strategies of growing entrepreneurship and empowering entrepreneur women in this area. This paper uses a comprehensive strategy-devising framework in order to strategize university-graduated women entrepreneurs'' empowerment. At the starting stage، the mission statement is defined and then the Internal Factors Evaluation (IFE) matrix and the External Factors Evaluation (EFE) matrix are prepared. Later، considering the data gathered during the comparison and contrast stage، the Strengths-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) matrix and the Internal–External (IE) matrix are worked out. Finally، at the decision making stage، Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) is used to evaluate the usefulness of the determined strategies. Therefore the best strategy، ''socio-cultural backgrounds creation and development''، is selected.