جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « political party » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Political parties are a new issue born in the new era of the West. There are different views on the relationship between this phenomenon and the political thought of Islam, from agreement to opposition. The present article is intended to present the issue of partisanship to Nahj al-Balagheh. For this purpose, at first, the research problem is carefully analyzed and a definition of the party is presented. In the next step, based on a brief understanding of the party on the one hand and the political thought in Nahj al-Balagheh on the other hand, an effort is made to extract the propositions and in other words the texts in Nahj al-Balagheh that can be related to the party and finally by combining and analyzing In these propositions, the author's understanding of the position of parties in the Imamat-Ummat system is presented based on Nahj al-Balagha. The summary shows that from the point of view of Nahj al-Balagheh, the party as a whole is accepted and the benefits obtained from the party can be put in the service of the Islamic system with care and culture.

The aim of the present study is to identify and categorize the obstacles of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. The current study has utilized the Qualitative Meta-Analysis method. The sample include articles and dissertations that have been published in databases of NOORMAGZ, SID, MAGIRAN and IRANDOC from 1989 to 2018. During the review process, 118 studies were identified and finally, 30 of them were included to the secondary evaluation. The findings indicated that the 130 obstacles of party development have been identified and categorized follow six approaches: Institutional, Legal, Political culture, Sociological, and Modernization obstacles that based on the frequency, Political culture obstacle has been a frequency of 46 cases, 35.38%.  From the perspective of party development studies in the period 1989-2018, the obstacle of political culture with three dimensions, the political culture of leaders, political elites and the masses has had the greatest impact on the process of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. Hence, it is suggested to reform of political culture with the aim of creating a positive mental orientation toward the party phenomenon and activity at three levels: the political culture of leaders, political elites and political activists and the mass.

The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems. These systems have a combination of democratic appearance and authoritarianism contents, and lack institutionalized competition between political parties. What is most evident in such systems is the formation of groups centering on prominent individuals and, in effect, changing to mere means to expand their influence. In this study, such parties are recognized as‘entrepreneur parties.’ The hypothesis is the short-comingsconcerned withpolitical culture, laws, regulations, and criteria of judgement, and the performance of political competition, leading to the formation of theentrepreneur party, an organization that does not benefit from the institutional tradition and continue to exist only under prominent figures. In this study, the descriptive-analytical method is based on library data.The aim of this paper is to introducethe comprehensive set of institutional arrangements in quasi-democratic systems that affect the nature of political parties’ organizations and to provide a better understanding of the party-centered relations in quasi-democratic systems.

While political funding is a necessary component for political parties to play their role in the democratic process, transparency and openness in financing of political parties is the cornerstone of a well-functioning democracy. Absence of disclosure of sources of party funds facilitates corruption and gives rise to quid pro quo between big donors and politicians. Countries where parties or political leadership are overly reliant on funding from a chosen few donors, policy decisions are co-opted. The equitable playing field gets eroded when one party has indomitable access to excess campaign finance. Therefore, the transparency of political finance is important because parties are the source of money entering politics, so the integrity of democracy depends on the transparency of political finance of party. So the question is, how transparent are the expenses of political parties in Iran? In this descriptive-analytical study, we will examine this question regarding the financing of political activities of parties as well as their electoral campaign.

Hizb ut-Tahrir as a transnational Islamic movement, aims to unify Muslims worldwide under a single Caliphate and they consider Muslim Countries as the priority. Since the majority of the population of the five Central Asian Republics, including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, are Muslim states, HT is playing an important and active role in the region. The study focuses on the approaches of those five Central Asian republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir. The article shows what policies have used to control this social movement among people in those countries. The question of this research is what are the approaches of Central Asian Republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir in their policies? Hizb ut-tahrir plays a significant role in expanding the extremism inside the republics and whole region. The main purpose is to identify the policies of the five countries in the region. The article tries to fill this scientific gap by considering the lack of previous research on the subject and the importance of the issue. The research is a comparative study with the descriptive-analytical approach and the method of data collection is library and Internet resources.Key words: Central Asia, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Extremism, Political party, Islamic party, social movement

Freedom of association and political party activities in international human rights documents and constitutions of most countries is a right that guaranteed to all citizens. Iran's constitution recognized this right to all citizens but with the criterion of Articles 9 and 26, puts obligations on them. Thus, according to these principles can be said, the independence, freedom, national unity, Islamic standards and the Islamic Republic Foundation, as restrictions on the formation and activities of political parties, have been justified in terms of constitution and they can be looking at international documents that have been recognized as limitations justified such as public order, the rights and freedoms of others, etc.

Political parties are among the most important political institutions in each democratic country. Many of researchers believe that democracy can exist without strong and efficient political parties. Unfortunately, in Iran political parties are very weak. Weakness of political parties in Iran can has different reasons. But on factor that is very important, but often ignored, is electoral system. In this article we try to explain the impact of parliamentary electoral system on the political parties and party system in Iran.

In this study, the existence and activities of political parties as a precondition for the establishment and activities of the parliamentary system in Iran has been examined. We have tried to explain the non-compliance between the statue and the role of political parties in Parliamentary systems in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In a parliamentary system, partisanship, resulting from the principle of diversity and conflict of ideas, is thought to have reached its highest order, so that the party apparatus and the government are fully integrated.In a parliamentary system, the formation, continuation, and survival of the government, and  also the political balance in the community, are possible through the competition between political parties. Therefore, currently, the lack of strong and disciplined political parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran is considered as one of the significant limitations of converting our legal and political structure into a parliamentary system.

This paper is about to discover the roots of formation of one of the political and social phenomena called political party in a particular period of Iranian contemporary history. In the light of this kind of study we can go beyond the superficial and general analyses which are the characteristic of traditional and under developed societies unfortunately these analyses are used to justify all the phenomena and it’s clear that they often have too simple and misleading results. Studying the way of forming a particular political party leads to a better understanding of it. The main question of this study is the way of forming Kargozarane Sazandegi party and the role of the modernization of Hashemi government to explain this matter among common theories, the modernization theory is used as the theoretical basis and the method is also the analysis of the secondary data. The results of this research indicate that there is a relation between the modernization of Hashemi government and the formation of Kargozaran party. The modernization of Hashemi government created considerable changes in the criteria in Iran which led to the renewed of a new orange class and the formation of Kargozaran party and its continuing victories in different elections. This modernization also provided field of the emergence of Kargozaran party as the main defendant of political and economical reforms, social liberties and cultural tolerance in the political environment of Iran.

To days, the moste of thinkers and authorities beleive that establishing the parties in real sence is necessary to replace active, organized and regular participation by mass participation and they consider it as completed stage form Islamic republic stage that such matter is essential to guarantee continuity and balance of Islamic system. Now that country exposes to place at the process of ups and downs of revolution and its crisis, the demand of political participation increases too, it;s evident that basic index of political development is based on political partipation. This kind of participation has efficient tools and structured organizations, so the most significant factor to create active and real participation is party and organized challenges, but not each organization or party, rather structured organizations during the time and efficient contents. By glancing over our political system of country, it,s clearly evident that the parties weren,t established in a real sense, rather political groups called the party hare temporary activities in days of election and after that , there isn,t precise and defined relationship between members of the party and the party itself. There fore, if destructive obstacles and damages are resolved and the real parties are formed, then it will significantly affect on decrease of elections errors.

Transaction Cost Economics (Williamson, 1985) is a theory of the firm in New Institutional Economics that has been applied for analysing economic transaction; especially, make-or-buy decisions or vertical mergers in firms. The contribution of this paper is applying this theory for a political issue that is party formation. Transaction Cost Economics links the party formation to the transaction costs of politicians in different governance structures. So, two types of governance structures for political activities were considered: partisan and individual structures. Then, the factors affecting the cost of a politician in both structures were studied in three groups: the attributes of political transactions (asset specificity, uncertainty and frequency), formal institutions, and informal institutions. The historical evidences are collected about parties in the United States and Turkey show that political institutions in these countries increased politician's costs in individual structure, and they have no choice besides acting in a party structure. But the evidence of political groups in Iran shows that costs of politicians in the party structure is higher than the individual structure. So in Iran, a party which could manage the government has not been formed yet.

Party policy making is a major issue in politics, however, it is overlooked in Islamic Republic of Iran. This problem has encountered parties with a formidable challenge which awareness of these challenges could provide parties with a better opportunities in policy formation. This paper,by applying pathological approach, foccuses its attention on the behavior of Kargozaran Sazandegi party with the main purpose of proposing how this party could go a head while having a set of logical and coherent policy making defectives

With the Islamic Revolution in Iran, people's participation in the political destiny of the country than was provided. In the election or selection of the various factions of the same process has to the election of the people involved. And during the course of this election was different from area to area. In the Research took place about the subject parliamentary elections Geography in Iran, It was concluded that a dramatic change in the border provinces of the country is emerging. The political geography of the province in Iran was named as the divergent territories, In recent years a great demand to participate in national decision-making have shown, Indicate that the republicanism effective role in strengthening the identity - the former is national rather than local identity. Due to the elections in Iran so far no scientific study of the phenomenon gerrymandering in boundaries of electoral districts has been done. In this research, the electoral participation of the Gilan province than all country, the majority of people tend to have explained the country's political factions and finally, gerrymandering phenomenon has been studied in areas of the province's vote.
Research This paper documents the methodology and approach to descriptive - analytical issues geography of the province's election has been analyzed. Thus the first eight courses in parliamentary elections during the province of Gilan Province and the Ministry were prepared. And the statistical tables and graphs of the type of political participation and representation of each the separate spheres and Gilan province in the form of graphs and GIS maps was drawn.
This paper examines the parliamentary electoral geography of Gilan province in elections in Iran is eight courses. In this research we examine the geographical and political significance as one of the border provinces of Gilan and marginal country landscape of the province to participate in parliamentary elections the country has been assessed; At the same time in the process of obtaining a formal representation to the ups and downs that have addressed the delegates on their way and political aspirations of the people in each electoral period of four main groups, namely the liberal right (the clergy), left (Clergymen) and has been independently assessed.
Notably, of course, for certain considerations, to be divided into two sections: the first section of the first course to sixth, and the next stage of the sixth to eighth, both of which have their own characteristics. Finally, Gerrymandering phenomenon (the spatial organization of any party to provide specific benefits) has been studied in the areas of the province's area.
The survey results show that despite the province is located in the border country. But the turnout in all elections held after the province of the eight assembly elections; the country has been higher than average percentage of participation and this convergence of people in this province, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Given the tendency of factional representatives in the province; Most of the activities during this period of eight parliamentary faction of the clergy (right) has had. The power of the clergy-wing (right) in advance of your goals too high and the probability that the next government in the province and power of the clergy of all parliamentary seats to be very high. As in all the eight Assembly seats in the parliamentary faction of the clergy in the province (right) was given.
In examining changes in the boundaries of electoral districts (Gerrymandering), only one area in Astanehashrafieh during the Fifth Parliament has been discovered. But it appears that such changes have occurred in other areas. But due to weakness in the election of candidates from all areas of Interior Ministry, and the lack of accurate information to researchers, the phenomenon of Gerrymandering is very difficult to do.

One of the major concepts in political science discipline ispolitical party. The rise of political party in modern countries causes a pervasive & contestable controversy among western scholars. Political and social developments in recent two centuries forged the new concept to party, which unlike the previous traditional concepts such as wing, congregation, sect, and followers based on the principle of collective participation and competitiveness. Presence of political parties as democratic transformation products in the social realm, providing the means necessary for competing ideological backgrounds come in different groups in the political framework is institutionalized. Political Party functions are threefold: first, to define identity by bringing out of the political participation in rational and institutional manner; second, to emphasize, among others, basic ideals of modern norms of freedom, tolerance, law and responsibility; and third, to orient the context of social behavior in such a way as to bring out is dynamic character in the context of the political world. During past decades, scholars have studied political parties from different perspectives including: voting behavior, theories of competition, the structure of party coalitions, policy analysis, formation of centrolization process in party organizatons, the role of parties in the process of democratization. But the study of political party from the identity perspective has been neglected. This article examines the positive relationship between political party and national identity and studies the identity - based cleavages which lead to formation of political parties. In order to understand the supposed relation, the paper first conceptualize the political party and identity, then discusses the identity foundations of political parties and their role in emerging of different structures of political parties, and finally studies the various functions of political parties and obstacles facing the formation and identity functions of political parties in cortemporary Iran.