جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « phytochemicals » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

The present study aims to identify effective bioactive compounds from Caralluma europaea as potential inhibitors of EGFR. Five Caralluma europaea compounds previously evaluated for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation were tested against EGFR and compared to the industry standard inhibitor Erlotinib. In this instance, these derivatives were focused on docking studies, which discovered the specific interactions of the identified phytocompounds with EGFR. Three phytocompounds (Hesperetin, Quercetin, and Myricetin) were shown to have the highest total scores and the best energies (lowest energy level) among compounds coming from the contribution of several interactions with EGFR. These three phytochemical compounds may have a greater inhibitory potential for the EGFR than the reference control, Erlotinib. Thus, Hesperetin was able to dock deeply within the EGFR binding region, resulting in a favorable binding interaction as well as improved total scores and docking energies, which were crucial in stabilizing the docking complex conformation. The results showed that Hesperetin had an excellent ADMET profile. The current findings forecast that the natural compound Hesperetin could be a better drug candidate for pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and further in vitro and in vivo studies may demonstrate its therapeutic potential.

Abrus precatorius Linn is a woody twinning plant belonging to the Fabaceae family and it is an imperative medicinal plant that is a source of a variety of phytochemicals from its distinct parts which illustrate miscellaneous biological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, etc. This review summarizes the isolation techniques of phytochemicals from various divisions of this medicinally viable plant in tandem with biological potency showcased by the identified phytochemicals as well as the extract procured via diverse extraction techniques. Overall, this review provides a concise and centralized guide for advancement in unearthing phytochemicals with uptrend experimental procedures and expands the biological viability of this indispensable medicinal plant.

Chronic and acute liver diseases are considered a global issue and their medical treatments are commonly challenging to manage. Traditional medicines have used natural products for thousands of years to prevent and treat various diseases. Recent studies have revealed that the pharmacological impacts of herbs are primarily determined by their phytochemical constituents. Therefore, understanding plant chemistry is crucial for the therapeutic use of medicinal plants. In this review, we first introduced some medicinal plants that have the potential to be beneficial for treating liver diseases and disorders, based on Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) textbooks. Subsequently, we investigated the secondary metabolites of these medicinal plants by analyzing pharmacological research collected from electronic databases. We also discussed their scientific and family names. According to TPM textbooks, 77 medical plants have been identified for the treatment of liver defects, belonging to 43 different families. Their secondary metabolites were studied through data obtained from electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science. These findings suggest that natural plant extracts hold promise for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

Many plants of great medicinal values exist in our environment; many have been discovered while many are yet to be discovered. Hence, the leaves and seeds of Moringa oleifera were investigated. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves extracts of the plant, showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and glycosides. The percentage composition of the flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins are 4.04%, 0.85%, 0.56%, and 0.48%, respectively. The seed oil possess physical properties such as clear yellow color at 2.25 titanium disc, 4-6 C solidifying point, 6-10.4 C melting point, 1.465 refractive index at 26 C, and 0.8857 specific gravity. The seed oil also possess chemical properties which include oil yield of 40.20%, saponification value of 20.57 mg/g, saponification equivalent of 270.29, iodine value of 22.842 g/100 g, acid value of 1.122 mgKOH/g and peroxide value of zero. The saponification value revealed that the oil is suitable for industrial applications. The iodine value shows that the oil of non-drying class. Peroxide value of zero indicates the absence of rancidity by oxidation. The low acid value suggests that the oil is fresh. The UV-Visible absorbance of the ethyl acetate leaf extract indicates absorption at both ultraviolet region and visible region due to the presence of conjugation. The leaf extracts showed the presence of the major functional groups such as C=C, C-O, C=O, O-H, and N-H bonds. Thus, Moringa oleifera has nutritional, medicinal, and industrial values. Further evaluation such as 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS analyses should be conducted on the plant leaves so as to elucidate the names, structures and classes of the secondary metabolites present.

Glyphaea brevis (Spreng.) Monachino has been employed folklorically in West Africa for decades to manage inflammatory disorders such as peptic ulcer, edema, dyspepsia, and worm infestations; however, these pharmacological activities have not been scientifically proven. The study investigated the chemical composition and in-vitro/in-vivo anti-inflammatory capabilities of the polyphenolic-rich fraction of G. brevis leaves (PREG). In-vitro anti-inflammatory indices were evaluated using the human red blood cell (HRBC) methods. The acute lethality (LD50) test was demonstrated in mice with graded dosages (10 to 5000 mg/kg body weight of PREG) via oral intubation. While in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined using a mice model inflicted with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1ml of undiluted fresh egg albumin paw edema using egg albumin. All parameters were assayed according to standard protocols. High levels of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and minimum amounts of terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins were observed in PREG. The LD50 test demonstrated no toxicity and mortality in mice up to 5.0 g/kg bw p.o. PREG. The anti-inflammatory assays showed that at the different concentrations (0.2 - 1.0 mg/ml), PREG effectively inhibited albumin denaturation, platelet aggregation, hypotonicity-induced hemolysis, protease, and phospholipase A2 activity, as the standard drugs (Aspirin and Prednisolone). Also, PREG suppressed significantly (p< 0.05) the progression of egg albumin-induced mice paw edema, and these increased with time (0.5 - 5h). The maximum percentage of edema inhibition (91.4%) was observed in mice administered with 400 mg/kg bw PREG, and this was close to that (94.49%) obtained in the group administered with the reference drug (Indomethacin). These give insights into the anti-inflammatory potential of PREG.

Vitex doniana produces a commonly consumed fruit in many places where the tree grows. This wild fruit could contribute to nutrition and food security. Therefore, nutrients and phyto constituents of aqueous extract of the fruit were investigated to evaluate its benefit to consumers. Samples of the fruits were collected from Navrongo in the Upper East Region of Ghana for laboratory analyses. Calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, zinc and manganese, as well as vitamins A, C, and Beta carotene; crude fat, carbohydrates, proteins, fibre, ash, and energy contents were determined in the pulp. Oven determination of moisture content, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy determination of minerals were carried out. The other parameters were analysed using other appropriate standard methods. The study found that the fruit pulp contains flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins, as well as vitamins A, C, and β-carotene. The proximate compositions were 19.045% of moisture, 31.597% fat, 4.056% crude fiber, 0.698% crude protein, 4.234% ash, 36.610% carbohydrate, with a total energy of 448.283 kcal/100g. The pulp also had high levels of potassium (1422 mg/100g), calcium (350 mg/100g), magnesium (132 mg/100g) among others, and also trace levels of manganese (0.943 mg/100g), zinc (2.770 mg/100g). Copper was undetected. The fruit pulp of Vitex doniana has vital nutrients and vitamins that can complement other sources of nutrients, and contribute to food security and good health. It has potential for making valuable commercial juice. Comprehensive studies of wild fruits are recommended to generate policy on the fruits.

Dolichos pachyrhizus (Annonaceae) has been traditionally used in Africa to treat syphilis and many other microbial infections. However, no phytochemical study and antimicrobial investigations have been conducted on this species. Thus there is need for the discovery and development of new antibiotics and anifungal. The triterpenoids [Lupeol (1) and β-amyrin (2)] isolated from rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus (Harm) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against some selected Gram positive bacterial, Gram negative bacterial and Fungal isolates. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract and compounds isolated was determined using agar well diffusion method. The compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against most of the tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) values ranging from 2.5 to 20 mg/ml and 5 to 40 mg/ml, respectively. The triterpenoids could be a potentially effective antimicrobial agent to combat infectious diseases. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using modern spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) to be Lupeol and β-amyrin.

[Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) is an organophosphate pesticide and insecticide used all over the world. Catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for degrading hydrogen peroxides present in organs or blood cells and tissue to prevent oxidative damage to these respected organs. The flavonoids (naringin and quercetin) and vitamin D and E have been found to reduce oxidative stress in the body. The study was carried out to detect the effect of specific lipophilic vitamins, naringin, and quercetin on catalase activity in the presence of a dichlorvos induced system. 112 male rats were divided into 14 groups of 8 rats each grouped as positive and negative control groups, dichlorvos only induced groups (2 groups), vitamins only induced groups (vitamin D and vitamin E), flavonoids only induced groups (quercetin and naringin), dichlorvos + vitamins administered groups (2 group each containing a different vitamin administration), and dichlorvos + flavonoids administered groups, baseline group and DMSO4 group. They were administered the dichlorvos for two weeks, and subsequent administration of vitamin D and E with naringin and quercetin respectively two weeks after. The animals were weighed every three days and were sacrificed immediately after administration, plasma and RBC along with the organs (liver and brain) were used to assess the effects of the vitamins and phytochemicals antioxidant capacity on catalase activity of the animals. Results showed that specific vitamin D, naringin, and quercetin were most important in their antioxidant capacity and helped improved catalase activity of initially treated dichlorvos group in some organs and compartments with the brain and red blood cells mostly benefitting from it with dichlorvos + vitamin D group, and vitamin D group having an SEM of 0.141±0.0044 and 0.150±0.00069, respectively, in the red blood cells. Meanwhile, the phytochemicals (naringin and quercetin) were more prominent in attenuating catalase activity in the brain with dichlorvos + naringin group and naringin group recording an SEM of 2.216±0.067 and 2.302±0.076, respectively, and dichlorvos + quercetin group and quercetin group recorded an SEM of 0.670±0.009 and 1.276±0.060, respectively. As a result, the fat-soluble vitamins, and phytochemicals reduced dichlorvos toxicity, but could not offer complete and absolute protection against the hydrogen peroxides and oxidative stress produced.

This review discusses the antimicrobial potential of Curcuma longa, a plant traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties. The emerging concern over antimicrobial resistance, coupled with the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, necessitates an exploration of plant-based natural antimicrobials. Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, provides a compelling case with its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The review first delves into the phytochemical composition of Curcuma longa, focusing on its primary bioactive compounds, the curcuminoids, with curcumin being the most prominent. These compounds, along with essential oils and polysaccharides, contribute significantly to the antimicrobial properties of the plant.

The consumption of microorganisms proposed to connect metal nanoparticles is in the glow of advertising of modern nanotechnology. Performs as a biodegradable and joyful loom, designed for the assembly of nanoparticles, appreciations to which it is necessary for squat, ecological compatibility, reduced production expenses, the scalability, and stabilization of nanoparticles are compared in bodily and chemical combination. Biologically connected metal nanoparticles are almost all well-organized miniaturized, usable resources constructed and designed to perform precise functions in the company of enormous prospects. Microbes include this amazing competence towards appearance, such delicate nanostructures. This studies the exercise information of organic combination of zinc oxide and lead nitrate nanoparticles as a result of microbes. Microorganisms engage in recreation directly or indirectly in more than a few biological behaviors because metals present in soil are in constant relation to biological components. In the current study, the reported microbiological combination of nanomaterials uses organic ingredients, primarily prokaryotes and eukaryotes, such as bacteria and fungi (Escherichia coli and Aspergillusniger). Bacterial and fungal cell buildup is questioned among two different chemical salts (ZnO and Pb (NO3)2) together with metal nanoparticles should be effectively synthesized.

The current investigation examined the potential antibacterial and antihyperlipidemic properties of ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Garcinia atroviridis (EGA). The phytochemical contents of EGA were analysed through Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GCMS). The antioxidant properties of EGA were carried using DPPH, reducing power, and radical OH scavenging methods, whereas antibacterial activity of EGA was conducted against 4 pathogenic bacteria using agar diffusion method. To test antihyperlipidemic action, High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidaemic rats were given EGA at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg orally for five weeks. Body weight changes, liver weight, serum lipid profile, and liver histology were assessed. The EGA contains phenols and flavonoids by 23.53±0.27 mg GAE/g and 20.48±0.39 mg QE/g, respectively. Around 15 compounds were identified where hexanoic acid (30.55%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (27.51%), and octadecanoic acid (15.49%) were compounds with the largest number. The EGA has antioxidant activity significantly different with ascorbic acid increasing %DPPH scavenging, %OH scavenging, and reducing power scavenging. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration 10% with a clear zone diameter, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was obtained at different concentrations. This investigation was founded that EGA decreased biochemicals levels and causes liver tissue changes. Our studies demonstrate the EGA is antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihyperlipidemic.

Wounds have a significant detrimental influence on the economics of a country’s health care system, particularly in developing nations with limited resources. However, there is no effective evidence-based treatment for wounds that may result in evident clinical results. As a result, complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) such as natural products, which include plant-derived extracts (phytochemicals), and naturally derived substances have intrigued the attention of researchers. Numerous plant extracts and their phytoconstituents are recognized as viable options for wound healing because they possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, angiogenic, and cell synthesis-modulating properties. Additionally, using plants with medicinal characteristics to treat wounds has been demonstrated to be effective in combating infection and accelerating wound healing. Thus, this study strives to fill the gaps in the current literature and provides researchers the creation of safe, efficacious, and universally acknowledged herbal medications for a vast array of cuts and wounds.

Euphorbia helioscopia, a traditional medicinal herb, possesses various pharmaceutical applications for human diseases. In the present study, the ethanol and hexane extracts of E. helioscopia leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. The concentrations of alkaloids, phenols, and flavonoids were determined quantitatively to evaluate the medicinal properties of the plant extracts. The ethanolic extract showed a higher yield of various secondary metabolites, specifically, phenol showed a high degree of precipitation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were then green synthesized from the leaf extract and characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The presence of elemental silver is confirmed by the sharp peaks in the UV-Visible at 442 nm. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of various functional groups from the plant extract that fabricated and activated the AgNPs. The synthesized NPs were found to be spherical with slight aggregation in the SEM micrograph. The crude plant extracts and AgNPs were compared for antibacterial activity at various concentrations. AgNPs exhibited higher inhibitory activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens than the crude extracts. The enhanced activity of AgNPs may be attributed to the phenolic content of the plant extracts. Hence, the present study confirms that E. helioscopia leaves have potential antimicrobial activity and also act as an efficient source for AgNPs with remarkable pharmacological properties that can be further evaluated to develop them as a promising drug candidate.

The species of the genus Tetracera are utilized as remedies for various illnesses and infections including backache, haemorrhoids, diabetes, jaundice, scurvy, cough, and tooth pain. The root, stem bark, and leaves of these medicinal plants display several physiological activities. The phytochemicals reportedly present in the species include tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Ethanol extract or fraction of plants in this genus mostly yielded flavonoids with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. However, few compounds have been isolated so far from the species, which include pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivatives and flavonoids, of which betulinic acid remains the mostly investigated compound. This review documented up-to-date information on folkloric uses, isolated compounds, and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants in Tetracera species.

Leaves of Lannea velutina are used to treat several human pathologies, such as high blood pressure (HBP) and oxidative stress. Rich in bioactive components that promote prevention and therapy, herbal medicines are affordable and have no adverse effects. This work aims to evaluate the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and acute toxicity of water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane leaf extracts of L. velutina by using suitable experimental paradigms. This shrub's leaves include sterols, saponosides, flavonoids, and tannins, as revealed by a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile. The methanol extract exhibited a significant highest total phenolic (533.9 ± 5.05 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (59.4 ± 0.6 mg QE/g DW), and condensed tannins (86.9 ± 0.05 CE/g DW) content compared with ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. By using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability experiment, the methanol extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (AAI = 2.60) among the other extracts. There was a strong association between flavonoid concentration and hydrophilic antioxidant activity (r = 0.96). The acute oral toxicity test of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts on mice was evaluated by using Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423. All investigated extracts exhibit a lethal dose (LD50) estimated higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. This study constitutes a solid scientific basis that could justify the traditional uses of the leaves of L. velutina as a natural source of phenolic compounds for high blood pressure management.

The infections resistant to the current antimicrobials are becoming more prevalent today. So, in an attempt to discover the novel pharmacologically active scaffolding for the development of anti-microbial agents, five naturally simple coumarins were isolated from Allsweet watermelon seeds using four solvents (acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, and ether). In this project, three extraction approaches were used as dynamic, microwave-, and ultrasonic-promoted maceration, and each one was achieved in three patterns, which were non-serial, as well as serial ascending-and descending-organized polarity. Relying on the phytochemical-screening data, only one of the 30 obtained extracts was picked to isolate the simple coumarin-based scaffolds. The chemical backbones of these isolates were depicted by comparing their spectral findings with those reported in the literature. The in vitro antimicrobial investigations were performed on the separated compounds using a broth dilution manner. This investigation was conducted against six pathogenic aerobic Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as a non-pathogenic one, using Ciprofloxacin as a control, four anaerobic bacterial strains utilizing Metronidazole as a control, and two fungal strains utilizing Nystatatin as a control. The results showed that the extracted simple coumarins have hopeful antimicrobial potential against the pathogens tested, with product RA4 outperforming the others. In addition, based on the PF values, the separated compounds revealed favorable bactericidal as well as fungicidal properties. According to these research findings, these advent natural, simple coumarins may serve as a useful scaffold for preparing novel anti-microbial medicines.

Citrullus lanatus is a fruit that is eaten and carries many by-products like rind and seeds that are abandoned and fed to animals. Numerous studies have demonstrated the bio-medical properties of Citrullus lanatus by-products, making it a superior choice of natural source for medicinal products. Citrullus lanatus by-products’ medical properties are due to their pharmacological significance, related to the availability of essential phytochemicals such as saponin, alkaloids, fatty acids, phenolic, citrulline, lycopene, coumarin, minerals, and other natural products. Gastrointestinal ulceration, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and many kinds of malignancies have been treated with these by-products extract. The following review aimed to provide a thorough summary of the advantages of Citrullus lanatus by-products in the management of different ailments.

The objective of this study was to extract the seed and plant of Momordica charantia Linn. with methanol using soxhlet apparatus, phytochemically screen the methanol extracts using standard procedures, determine the acute toxicity of the methanol extracts of seeds and plant in Wistar strain rats by Lorke’s method and evaluate the abortifacient activity on adult nonpregnant albino rat in-vitro. The phytochemical screening of both the methanol seed and plant extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides and saponins for seed, while carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides, saponins and flavonoids were present in the plant extract. The intraperitoneal LD50 of seed and plant extracts were calculated to be 288 mg/kg and 714 mg/kg respectively. The abortifacient activity of Momordica charantia of both plant and seeds were investigated in induced contraction on the uterus in an organ bath setup. Oxytocin was used as a standard. The seed and plant extracts in a dose dependent manner induced contraction, the amplitude of contraction and percentage increase were independently significant (p<0.05). The result showed the synergistic activity between oxytocin and the plant extract. It may be concluded that the methanol seed and plant extracts of M. charantia induced uterine contraction, thus having abortifacient activity and this justifies this claim in traditional medicine.

Tuberculosis remains a significant infectious disease-causing over 1.8 million deaths a year, making it one of the world’s most deadly human pathogens. Phytochemicals from natural products are intensely becoming alternative sources of antimicrobial agents with striking mechanisms of action and common side effects compared to synthetic drugs such as isoniazid (−4.7 kcal/mol), pyrazinamide (−4.4 kcal/mol), and ethambutol (−4.5 kcal/mol). Isolated phytochemicals from the bark of Syzygium cordatum were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis through molecular docking. It was observed that quite a number of the phytochemicals have good binding affinities much better than those of the commonly used first-line drugs. Pharmacokinetics analysis of these phytochemicals revealed that binding affinity alone is not enough to prove the potency of a promising drug candidate. Only 7 compounds among the 18 screened compounds passed all the analyses and are identified as potential mycobacterium tuberculosis (4RHT) inhibitors. This study thereby recommends Arjunolic acid (−8.2 kcal/mol), Caffeic acid (−5.8 kcal/mol), Cinnamic acid (−5.6 kcal/mol), Epifriedelinol (−8.9 kcal/mol), Friedelin (−8.8 kcal/mol), Hexahydroxydiphenic acid (−6.6 kcal/mol) and Sinapic acid (−5.3 kcal/mol) as potential inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis (4 RHT) with better pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.