جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « probiotic » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a native probiotic product on the intestinal bacteria biodiversity of Penaeus vannamei. Shrimp larvae were administered the probiotic via food (treatment 1), through culture water (treatment 2), and a control group received no probiotics (treatment 3). After three months of rearing, bacteria were isolated from the shrimp intestines, and initial identification was conducted based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological traits. The diversity of intestinal bacterial flora was assessed using PCR-RFLP methods, focusing on the determination of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results revealed a significantly higher abundance of cultivable bacteria in the intestines of shrimp from treatment 1 (2.4 x 107 CFU/gr) compared to those receiving probiotics through water (6.16 x 106 CFU/gr). The probiotic product led to a reduction in bacterial diversity in the intestines of treated shrimp, decreasing from 10 to 6 genera. Additionally, the frequency of Vibrio bacteria decreased by 20%, while other opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Shewanella, and Photobacterium were eliminated. Overall, the findings suggest that administering probiotics through food was more effective in modulating the diversity of the shrimp intestinal microbiome. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of indigenous probiotics on the composition and dynamics of the intestinal microbiome of P. vannamei.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of infection in medicine, which in recent years is known as an antibiotic resistant bacterium. One of the antibiotic resistance strategies of this bacterium is algD and PpyR genes expression for biofilm formation. In recent years, it has been shown that using microorganisms, such as probiotics, is a method of pathogen bacterium harnessing, hence, in this study, for preventing biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, E.coli Nissle 1917(EcN) probiotic bacterium is used, as a new treatment choice. Due to direct relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, strains with the     highest antibiotic resistance was chosen by antibiogram test. Then, in order to determine the inhibition rate of EcN bacterium in the formation of biofilm caused by P. aeruginosa bacterium, a biofilm formation test was performed. At the end, to evaluate algD and PpyR genes expression, which were key parts of biofilm formation, in the presence of probiotic EcN bacterium, Real- time PCR method was used. Based on the results of the biofilm formation test, EcN bacterium showed a high inhibitory effect on the formation of biofilm caused by P. aeruginosa bacterium. .Also, in assessment of algD and PpyR genes expression in presence of EcN probiotic, a significant reduction in PpyR gene expression has been seen, in comparison with control group. The results of this study showed that EcN probiotic can act as a suitable new treatment option, to reduce P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.

Probiotics are a group of beneficial microorganisms living in the gut, which when consumed have a positive effect on physiological health directly or indirectly through the modulation of the internal ecosystem influencing the results for the use of probiotics. Indicated as a treatment for gastrointestinal disorders are 1) the use of Saccharomyces boulardi Enteroccus faecium SF68 to prevent or shorten the duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, 2) the prevention of S. boulardi, which prevents Clostridium difficil-associated diarrhea. 3) Fermented milk contains Lactobacillus rhamnsousder for infants with rotavirus enteritis. Therefore, according to the researchers, the use of probiotics, the creation of microbial recombination of the intestines, gastroenteritis, lactose intolerance and diarrhea are related to the use of antibiotics from these biological substances as a treatment for diseases caused by chronic diseases.

 Among functional foodstuffs, the use of probiotics is rapidly increasing now. Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms that are beneficial to a person when consumed in sufficient quantities. Among probiotics, lactic acid bacteria are the most popular. Given the high number of probiotic bacteria in the gut, probiotics seem to be one of the most interesting candidates for the treatment of the Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics strengthen Paneth and Goblet cells in the gut by enlarging the mucosa. They also modulate the gut microbiota by maintaining balance and suppressing the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the gut. This research aimed was to isolate and identify new isolates of lactic acid bacteria from the traditional dairy products of the region of Azerbaijan (Varzeqan), with appropriate human probiotic ability.

 In this study, lactic acid bacteria in dairy products of the Varzeqan region of East Azerbaijan were isolated and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods and their probiotic ability was evaluated. The isolates were then selected using morphological characteristics, gram staining, catalase test, growth test at 15, 37, and 40 ° C, fermentation ability in different sugars, acid resistance, bile salts, arginine hydrolysis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for molecular characterization.

 In this study, 104 isolates of dairy samples were purified and evaluated for probiotic properties of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Enterococcus. By examining the probiotic properties in these isolates, 13 isolates showed good probiotic capability.

 According to the results, Lactobacilli isolates had a good ability to be probiotic in terms of acid tolerance and bile salts and could have sufficient survival for use in the gastrointestinal tract.

The results showed the traditional dairy products of the region of Azerbaijan have a desirable potential to isolation of suitable human probiotics.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic effects of Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus brevis on blood parameters of Sander lucioperca weighing 14±1 g. The number of fish was 225 completely randomly distributed in 5 treatments with three replications and 15 in each the ponds. Dietary treatments containing Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus brevis (1010, 108 probiotic cells per gram of diet) and probiotic-free control treatments were fed in three replications for 6 weeks and then evaluated for blood. Nutritional treatments were named, A2, A1,B1 ,B2, respectively. A1 (Enterococcus faecium probiotic (number of bacteria/g 1010 + basic food), A2 (Enterococcus faecium probiotic (number of bacteria/g 108+ basic food), B1 (Lactobacillus brevis probiotic) Number of bacteria/g 1010 + Basic food), B2 (probiotic Lactobacillus brevis) number of bacteria /g 1010 + basic food) and control treatment were Lactobacillus (basic food + physiological serum) Hematocrit (HCT) was measured using hematocrit capillary tubes and a hematocrit centrifuge. Hemoglobin by chlorometric method with a wavelength of 540 nm in a spectrophotometer was measured. The results showed that HCT increased in A1 treatment compared to control and A2 groups. There were no significant differences in treatments B1 and B2, but they had a significant increase compared to the control group(P<0.05) Leukocyte count in probiotic treatments was higher than the control group was significantly higher (P<0.05) . Lymphocyte counts in fish fed diets containing probiotics were significantly higher than in the control group. MCV had a significant difference in treatments B1 and A1 and control with A2 and B2 (P<0.05). Howevr, other parameters e.g. RBC, HB, MCH, MCHC had no significant different (P>0.05). The present study showed that the addition of probiotic bacteria in treatments B1, A1 to the diet of Sander lucioperca can have a favorable effect on their blood factors.

Probiotics as alternatives to chemicals and antibiotics have proven to be effective in promoting successful aquaculture. They can improve water quality, increase tolerance to stress, generate high-quality livestock, etc. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of adding Lactobacillus rhamnosus PTCC 1637 to water on the intestinal tissue of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. This experiment was performed in three treatments including 1: days 1 to 7; 2: days 1 to 20; and 3: days 1 to 60, by adding the bacterium at 106-107 CFU/mL into the water and also a control group. The above mentioned concentrations of the bacterium in group 1 were added on days 1, 3, and 5; in group 2, at every two days; and in group 3, from 1 to 20 on every other day, then from 20 to 60, once in four days. At the end of the experiment, intestinal alteration was examined. The results showed that the highest length (247.2 µm) and width of intestinal villi (70.6 µm) were related to the hatched egg group from 1 to 60 days (hatched egg part), while the lowest in the control group. There was no significant difference between the average width and length of the intestinal villi in other treatments compared to the control group. In general, the use of bacteria in the eyed eggs group (days 1 to 60 at a concentration of 107 CFU/mL) showed a more favorable result than in the alevin and fry groups. Finally, the direct addition of probiotics to the water effectively improved intestinal morphology in O. mykiss.

The present study was performed to examine the effects of probiotic addition to diet containing soybean meal (SBM) on growth and intestinal histomorphometry of rainbow trout. A total of 300 fry with mean initial weight of 20.05 ± 0.20 g were distributed to 12 tanks for 90 days. Experimental diets were included control (SBM 0 + probiotic 0), SBM 0 + probiotic 1, SBM 20% + probiotic 0, SBM 20% + probiotic 1, SBM 40% + probiotic 0 and SBM 40% + probiotic 1. On the 30th day, the highest body weight increasing rate (BWI %) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in diet containing SBM 0 (0 and probiotic 1) and SBM 20% + probiotic. On the 60th day, adding probiotic to SBM 0 and SBM 20% led to the highest BWI (p < 0.05). The lowest values of final weight, BWI (%) and SGR were achieved in SBM 40% without probiotic (p<0.05). Feed efficiency ratio was elevated in diets containing SBM 40% (p<0.05). On the 90th day, final weight, final length and SGR were highest in fish fed SBM 0 (0 and 1 probiotic) and SBM 20% containing probiotic (p<0.05). According to intestinal histomorphometry, on the 60th day, the highest villus height was found by supplementation of probiotic to SBM 0 (p<0.05). Epithelium thickness was significantly reduced by increasing SBM level to 40% (p<0.05). The greatest mucous thickness and goblet cells were observed  in SBM 0 (0 and 1 probiotic) and SBM 20% containing probiotic groups (p<0.05). According to results on the 90th day, villus height was significantly decreased by SBM level increasing (p<0.05). Epithelium thickness, mucous thickness and goblet cell in diet containing SBM 40% were lower than those in the other treatments (p<0.05). Considering present study, addition of probiotic to SBM 20% is beneficent to improve growth rate and intestinal histology.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of the most important and abundant fungal toxins that causes contamination of food and feed of livestock and poultry as well as serious damages to humans and livestock. The present study investigated the effect of organic adsorbent containing four strains of native Lactobacillus and the yeast cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the reduction of the ZEA mycotoxin. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the effects of different factors including incubation time, temperature, as well as synergism of the strains were measured. Based on the obtained results, the investigated organic adsorbent can adsorb the mycotoxin ZEA and reduce its amount in the sample. Also, the heated and culture medium activated adsorbents possessed the best absorption. Evaluation of synergistic of strains showed a greater reduction of the toxin than each strain alone. Therefore, the studied organic adsorbent is proposed to control and reduce mycotoxin ZEA contamination.

The present study investigated two different concentrations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in diet and also a commercial probiotic (protexin) on broiler performance. This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 12 birds each for 42 days. Experimental treatments included; T1-diet without probiotic (control), T2-diet with Protexin as a commercial probiotic, T3- diet with L. rhamnosus at 107 cfu/g and T4-diet with L. rhamnosusat 109 cfu/g (4). No significant differences among experimental diets on weight gain, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio were observed (P>0.05). In total, L. rhamnosusat 109 cfu/g diet (T4) numerically improved feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments in the whole breeding period. A significant difference was observed in calcium content of tibia bone of chicks fed T4- diet compared to other groups (P<0.05), but no significant differences for phosphorous content among treatments were determined. A fortified diet with L. rhamnosus at 109 cfu/g (T4) significantly reduced the cholesterol content of the blood compared to the control and group supplemented with Protexin (P<0.05). Therefore, the use of L. rhamnosus at 109 cfu/g in the diet as a potential probiotic for broilers is recommended.

Nowadays, probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacilli have been recognized as promising agents to prevent a large number of diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Lactobacillus paracasei (IBRC_10784) extract on pancreatic cancer cell line ASPc-1 and to analyze the expression of bax, Bcl2, and DPC4 apoptotic genes.

This study was conducted on ASPC-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line to assess the effects of culture medium and Lactobacillus paracasei products on the expression of genes involved in apoptosis as well as DPC4 gene expression. Lactobacillus paracasei was cultured on specialized MSR broth medium and incubated for 48 hours in a CO2 incubator. After observing the growth of bacteria, the culture medium was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 9000 rpm and the supernatant was removed. Then, the supernatant was sterilized by a 0.22-micron syringe filter and was used in the subsequent steps. In the next step, AsPC-1 cells were treated with supernatant solution for 24 hours, followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. The Q-PCR reaction was performed using specific primers.

The findings of this research showed that the supernatant solution of Lactobacillus paracasei culture was able to change the expression of the studied genes, so that the expression of bax gene increased 1.86 times relative to the reference gene. Moreover, the expression of bcl-2 gene decreased by 4.56 folds compared to the reference gene. A notable point was the changing expression of DPC4 gene, which significantly increased to 2.67 folds in comparison to the reference gene (P<0.005).

According to the results of the present study, it seems that the increased expression of DPC4 tumor suppressor gene, which is one of the essential factors in TGF-β pathway, may be important in suppressing pancreatic cancer.

The use of chemical anti-cancer drugs frequently create serious side effects. However, probiotics are natural and treat different kinds of cancer without undesired effects. In this study, a nano delivery system was planned to transport the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. GG) cytoplasmic fraction (Cf) to cancerous tissue in the mouse model.

Magnetic iron nanoparticles (MINPs) were synthesized and loaded with L. GG-Cf (0, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg/ml) and administrated for three weeks to treat experimentally induced murine breast cancer in a constant magnetic field. At the end of the trial, the treating efficacy of this complex molecule was evaluated via western blotting and qPCR.

Results showed MINPS can deliver and accumulate the L. GG-Cf in cancer tissue, also the size and volume of the tumors were reduced. Additionally, in cancer tissues of treated mice with 2.5 mg/ml of Cf-MINPs significant induced apoptosis was seen compared to untreated (control), and our data proved that this induction may be due to the caspase-3 pathway.

In conclusion, L. GG-Cf could treat the murine breast cancer and MINPs are a suitable candidate for drug delivery because of their safety, uniformity, and magnetic properties.

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacterium and its suitable level on survival and growth rate of larva Cyprinus carpio Mirzakoochek fisheries education center. B. subtilis bacterium isolated from Cyprinus carpio intestine was added to commercial carp feed as a probiotic. Five diets were prepared by soaking carp feed in to the B. subtilis suspension to achieve 104, 105, 106and 107 levels with a non-treated control. After 28 days, the larva carp fed diet at level 106, showed a higher mean weight gain (1196.43mg). The mean weight gain showed a decreasing trend as the B. subtilis level decreased and increased from 106 in the diets. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in weight gain, daily growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among treated and control groups. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments and control in survival rate but no significant differences (P>0.05) in water quality and biochemical composition among treated and control groups. It was concluded that the tested strain may be a promising probiotics for larva C. carpio at a level of 106 B. subtillis in to the carp feed.

Tiger oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) is a favorite for aquarium fish enthusiasts due to its beauty and compatibility. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis on growth efficacy and hepatic enzymes of oscar by selecting 300 juveniles with a mean weight of 8.96±0.03g and length of 8.23±0.02cm. During 70 days fishes fed by diets contained L. lactis and B. subtilis in 9 single and combined treatments groups with the number 1010CFU/g bacteria in treatments which included 150, 300, and 450mg/kg of L. lactis (LL150, LL300, and LL450), 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of B. subtilis (BS150, BS300, and BS450), 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of an equal mixture of L. lactis and B. subtilis (MIX150, MIX300, and MIX450) and control group. Finally, their growth indices and hepatic enzymes were assessed. Results showed that applying both bacteria in the feeding of oscar fish has significantly improved the growth indices. Also, adding bacteria in the diet led to increased weight gain (WG), body weight index (BWI), average daily growth (ADG), Specific growth rate (SGR), final biomass and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to control (p < 0.05). All single and combined treatments compared to control had the most reduction of FCR which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Also, the highest statistically significant difference between hepatic enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was measured with control in treatment 3 (LL450) and alkaline phosphatase in treatment 9 (MIX450) (p < 0.05). The addition of these bacteria individually or in combination had a positive effect on growth indices and liver enzymes.

Probiotics are living microorganisms that have an important role in prevention and treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was isolate yeast with probiotic properties due to the importance of probiotic yeasts. Sampling was performed from different parts of human skin. Growth ability of isolated yeast at concentrations of 0.3, 0.5 and 1% oxgall, 2, 4 and 6% NaCl, pHs of 2, 4, 5.8, 9 and 11 and temperature 37, 40 and 42°C were investigated. The activity of amylase, protease, pectinase, cellulase, lipase, urease, catalase, citratase and hemolysin was investigated. The yeast was able to grow in 0.3% oxgall, concentrations of 2, 4 and 6% NaCl, pHs of 2, 4, 5.8, 9 and 11 and also at a temperature of 37°C. The isolated yeast has the primary properties of probiotics and can be used in future studies.