جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مدیریت یکپارچه مناطق ساحلی" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

Integrated coastal zone management attempt to integrate the various policies affecting the coasts, as well as, gathering local and national stakeholders to raise awareness, support and implement these policies. The most important issue in the coasts management is the partial and sectoral organization and functions of stakeholders in the coasts. The long term goal of integrated coastal zone management is to balance the benefits of economic development and human use of coasts, protect, preservation and reconstruction of the coasts, minimize coastal damage, and earn benefits of accessing and public use of coasts.‫‬There has not been done a comprehensive research that can coordinate the uses of development approach with conservation approach in the coasts of Sirik city with considering to the great capacities and potentials of coasts, as well as, the threatening and destructive factors in the Sirik city coastal areas, yet. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to develop a model for evaluating the integrated coastal zone management on the Sirik coast using multi-criteria decision making techniques (MCDM). In present research, important criteria of protection and development were identified to establish integrated coastal zone management, and also we weighted these criteria and prioritized options and provided practical solutions for integrated coastal zone management target coasts.‬‬

In order to collect information for this applied type research, which was conducted at the Sirik coasts in 2019-2020, the combined method of library studies and survey approach have been used through interviews and questionnaires. Then, integrated Delphi and analytic network process (ANP) model were used to analyze the findings and determine the appropriate evaluated criteria and prioritize them. In this regards, the integrated Delphi and ANP model consist of the following steps:Step 1: Selection of the Delphi group and develop an evaluation modelStep 2: adjusting the interdependencies and perform pairwise comparisons among clusters or elements with ANPStep 3: Developing a super matrix by ANPAccording to the research framework, the proposed model for evaluating the implementation of integrated coastal zone management in the form of an integrated model was developed and implemented as Figure 1.‫‬‬‬Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the proposed model for evaluating integrated coastal zone managemen.

Step 1: Selection of the Delphi group and develop a modelThe criteria considered in the evaluation of integrated coastal zone management in Sirik city including 4 important criteria: Environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and land usage. Also, after determining the criteria, the desired options were assessed and selected, then the decision-making team suggested three suitable options consist of Sirik, Kouhestak and Geroug to design the evaluation model.Step 2: Setting the interdependencies and perform pairwise comparisons among clusters or elements by ANPThe strategic and fundamental part was formed at this stage of the research. In this stage, pairwise comparisons were performed. Since, there is only one cluster to assess the objective of the research, then there is no clusters comparison at this stage. But the comparisons of the elements within the clusters and options must be calculated (Table 1).Table 1 - Pairwise comparison matrix of key criteriaNormalize Land use Sociocultural Economic Environmental Strategic goal0.483 3 7 5 1 Environmental0.172 1.3 3 1 Economic0.094 1.5 1 Sociocultural0.251 1 Land useCR = 0/04- The final pairwise comparisons were done among the studied options that the desired options of were Sirik, Kouhestak and Geroug.Step 3: Developing a hyper matrix with ANPAll data within the pairwise comparison matrix were normalized, then calculated as the initial super matrix called unweighted matrix.In the next step, the unweighted super matrix is multiplied by the normalized column, which resulting to the unweighted super matrix.Then, the weighted matrix is powered to the extent that there is no difference between the successive elements of the super matrix with the power of K and the super matrix to the power of K+1 using the Super decisions software. At this stage a limited (limit) super matrix was obtained. In the achieved super matrix, all row numbers are equal. Based on this matrix, a score of 0.286 was obtained for Sirik and, in order to establish integrated coastal zone management based on defined criteria, the Sirik city was a superior option compared to other cities in the whole studied area.In the final step, using the normalization of weights, to prioritize the three cities or options under review, the results of their review and evaluation are obtained in Table 2.‫‬‬‬Table 2 - Ranking matrix of optionsRanking Ideal Normal Total Alternatives1 1.0000 0.5723 0.286 Sirik2 0.4720 0.2710 0.135 Kohestak3 0.2762 0.1567 0.079 Geroug

The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the implementation of integrated coastal zone management in the Sirik city. Hence, the combined Delphi and analytical network process model was used, which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique. In this study, after analyzing the evaluation criteria of integrated coastal zone management through Delphi method, the identified options were evaluated and prioritized based on key environmental, economic, socio-cultural and land use criteria using analytical network process method.The result revealed that environmental criteria with a score of 0.483 and socio-cultural criteria with a score of 0.094 had the highest and lowest weight, respectively. Finally, considering the weight of the set of criteria as well as the weighting and ranking of the options, the city of Sirik was selected as the top option.According to the result of analyses, to the integrated coastal zone management, and its evaluation based on the principles and criteria of environmental resource protection, the following suggestions are indicated: Identification of sensitive coastal zones for the protection and development of these areas as an approach to establish an integrated coastal zone management system; Preventing sectoral planning by different organizations to load various development projects in the coastal-marine ecosystem without considering the environmental requirements; Creating and strengthening a comprehensive plan for the protection and development of coastal environment in order to protect sensitive coastal-marine resources along with the development of environmentally friendly land uses for integrated coastal zone management; It is suggested that the researchers study other involved and effective issues to identify and evaluate the effective criteria on integrated coastal zone management, which be helpful for amelioration management of the studied coastal areas through the reported algorithm.

The development of environmental preservation is considered as one of the important usage in the coastal development approach in the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) of the country. Therefore, it is required to present a model based on the ecological parameters, social and economic criteria, to codification and define the strategies for desirable development of this area usage in the coasts of the country. There has not yet been done a comprehensive research on protect ecologically sensitive coastal resources and its development of Hormozgan province that can coordinate the activities of the suitable development approach to preserve the environmental these areas. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to develop a model for strategic planning for the development of environmental preservation in the coasts of Hormozgan province in line with integrate coastal management using integrated multi-criteria decision-making techniques. That can maintain the ecological vital, wildlife protection systems, biodiversity, as well as reducing the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems and their inhabitants to natural and human hazards resulting from the development approach. In this study, not only the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the development of protected areas were identified and evaluated, but also strategies were developed and practical solutions were provided for the appropriate development of this land use in the coasts of Hormozgan province with considering of the ecological potential of the region's coasts. Also, the codification and prioritization of strategies has been done using multi-criteria decision-making techniques (MCDM), especially the integrated SWOT-ANP model, while preserving vital ecological processes and environmentally sensitive resources.

In order to collect the information of current applied research, a documentary method based on library studies and a survey approach using interviews and questionnaires were used. Then, SWOT analysis and network analysis process (ANP) were used to analyze the data and determine appropriate strategies. Also, the main key internal factors and the main strategic external factors were mothed using SWOT matrix (SWOT) after identification and evaluation to develop four strategies that be in line with the research goal and in accordance with the internal and external factors of the studied condition. Ultimately, in order to decide on the developed strategies in the previous stage, the integration of SWOT and ANP methods were analyzed and interpreted using applied software without applying personal opinion, and optimal strategies for desirable development of environmental protection were selected in the coasts of Hormozgan province.

In order to present and determine the general priority of optimal development strategies for environmental protection in the coasts of Hormozgan province, recognizing the four SWOT factors to eliminate weaknesses and threats, improve strengths and opportunities is inevitable. Therefore, initially, the effects of internal and external environment in the studied area to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which coastal region is facing in line with the appropriate development of protection. Regarding to the accomplished studies and the assessment of the situation around the studied area, key internal and external effective factors on the target area was evaluated in terms of suitable development of coastal environmental protection, eventually possible strategies were developed.Once the strategies are identified, it is time to prioritize them. In order to determine the priority of the developed strategies and determine the best strategies using the ANP method and through the conversion issue into a hierarchical structure was done. network model was used to transform the sub-factors of SWOT and strategies into a state that can be measured by ANP technique.Therefore, at this stage, assuming the lack of interdependence among the main factors, pairwise comparisons of the main factors was constructed using 9 scale table Saaty. The matrix of pairwise comparisons was analyzed using Super decision software, ultimately, the degree of importance of SWOT factors (W1) was obtained as follows.At this stage, by determining the internal relationship among SWOT factors and interpreting internal and external environments, paired comparisons were established base on the internal dependence for SWOT factors. Ultimately, the result of the internal dependence matrix among SWOT (W2) factors is as follows: At this stage, the weights of internal dependence of the main factors were obtained through normalization of the dependence matrix multiplication of the main factors (W2), with the relative importance of the main factors (W1).  In the next step, weight or overall preference of SWOT sub-factors were calculated through multiplied the main factors weight (W Factors) to the relative weights of the sub-factors (W Sub-Factors). Afterward, the degree of importance of the strategies was calculated according to each SWOT sub-factors. Then, with comparing 24 SWOT sub-factors with strategies, the W4 matrix was obtained. Finally, the overall priority of strategies, which is the interrelationship between SWOT factors, was calculated; the matrix of pairwise comparisons of strategies (W4) multiplied by the overall preference SWOT sub-factors (W Sub-Factors) and as a result, the overall priority of strategies was obtained as below.Thus, SO strategies with a score of 0.384 were the best strategies for the optimal development of environmental protection in the coasts of Hormozgan province.

According to the development and implementation of management programs in the field of protection and development of coastal environment, humans must to consider the environmental conditions to live better on the coast by conserving environmental resources in sensitive coastal areas, but in the long term these management plans require to a critical and strategic analysis. The aim present study was to provide the best strategies for the desirable development of environmental protection in the coastal areas of Hormozgan province using the integrated model ANP-SWOT. The results revealed that SO strategies was the best strategies for desirable developing of this usage. Because these strategies have gained the most score among the four group strategies. These strategies are: Implement an integrated coastal management plan to prevent adverse effects on sensitive coastal-marine areas of the province, owing to sectoral decisions and the implementation of environmentally unsuitable plans Identification of coastal areas with ecological potential for environmental protection and development of these areas in order to maintain the conservation approach in the integrated coastal management of the province Use of financial and technical support of international organizations to precise execution, also strengthen the laws related to environmental protection in sensitive coastal areas Utilizing the topographic and ecological location of the province to develop the environmental quality of the coasts, and integration of environmentally friendly land uses