جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "وزن صد دانه" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

In order to investigate the effect of humic acidic and cycocel on yield, yield components, and remobilization of wheat photosynthetic materials under end-of-the-season drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in field in Ahvaz during two years (2017-19). The main factor of drought stress at the end of the season with two levels of normal irrigation and cessation of irrigation in the post-pollination stage, cycocel with three levels of water as a control, 1.5 g/l, and 3 g/l, and humic acid with three levels of non-foliar application (water as control), 2 liters per hectare, and 4 liters per hectare were factorial sub-factors. Results showed that the interaction of end-of-the-season drought stress and cycocel on grain yield and number of grains per spike was significant. The highest grain yield (4840.5 kg ha-1) was obtained by applying 3 g/l cycocel under normal irrigation conditions, which did not show a statistically significant difference from the application of 3 g/l cycocel under drought stress at the end of the season. Application of humic acid had a positive and significant effect on all test traits. The highest grain yield, number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight were obtained from the application of 3 liters per hectare of humic acid under normal irrigation conditions. Under end-of-the season drought stress, the current photosynthesis and the share of current photosynthesis decreased by 29% and 10%, respectively while remobilization and contribution of remobilization increased by 16% and 34%, respectively. In general, to increase the rate of grain yield under optimal conditions and reduce the drop in stress conditions, growth regulators such as cycocel by a concentration of 3 g/l and organic acid fertilizer by the concentration of 4 liters per hectare are recommended.

To evaluate the effect of copper nanoparticles on the characteristics of mallow under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions in 2017. The first factor of drought stress was at three levels without stress and 75 and 50% of field capacity and the second factor was copper nanoparticles at four levels of 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg/lit. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of drought and copper nanoparticles for all traits. Also, the interaction effect of drought stress and nano-particle was significant on carotenoid, catalase, biomass, plant yield, and 1000-grain weight. The results show that this plant responds to drought stress. Among the different levels of copper nanoparticles, the concentration of 50 mg/lit had the highest in terms of traits. At a concentration of 50 mg/lit nanoparticles of copper, carbon dioxide, biomass, catalase, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield showed the highest levels of stress-free surface, but at the dry stress level, these properties decreased less due to nanoparticle concentrations. The results also showed that 100 mg/lit level had the lowest levels in the studied traits and harmed the plant by toxicity. Therefore, it can reduce the negative effect of drought stress using copper nanoparticles with a concentration of 50 mg/lit.

In order to the investigation of  Zn nano-chelate foliar application effects on photosynthetic parameters, glutamine synthetase, protein, grain yield and yield components of soybean under water deficit, a split-plot experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, in 2016. The treatments consisted of irrigation regime (100, 80, 60 and 40% of plant water requirement) in the main plots and zinc nano-chelate foliar application (Control or distilled water and zinc as zinc nano-chelate containing 20% zinc absorbable ion) in the subplots. The results showed that by decreasing of water requirement some traits such as photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, glutamine synthetase, the number of pods per plant, the number of grain per pod, 100-grain weight, grain yield, protein percentage of grain and protein yield were reduced. In contrast, internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and SPAD value increased in stress condition. In normal condition, zinc nano-chelate treatment was not any effect on SPAD value, the number of seed per pod, 100-seed weight, seed and protein yield. In water deficit conditions, zinc nano-chelate foliar application increased the mentioned traits by 4.2, 13.8, 17.3, 45.7 and 39.3 percent, respectively. In addition, in water deficient, zinc nano-chelate decreased Ci and stomatal conductance of leaves. In general, zinc nano-chelate application mitigated effects of water deficit and it was positive for improving soybean yield. Therefore, its application may improve tolerance of soybean.

In order to investigate the effects various levels of organic and nitroxin biological fertilizer on quantitative characteristics and yield of Silybum marianum L., This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Firdausi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2012. Treatments consisted of: control (no fertilizer), two levels of cow manure (30, 15 t/ha), two levels of poultry manure (15, 7.5 t/ha), integrated fertilizer (cow manure 15 T/ha and poultry manure 7.5 t/ha) and nitroxin biological fertilizer (400 mg/m2).plant responses consisted of plant highet, flowering stem highet, capitol diameter, main capitol number, subordinate capitol number, total capital number, number of seed in per capitol, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, oil yield and oil percentage per hectare. The highest number of seed in capitol, plant height, flowering stem height, capitol diameter, 1000seed weight (27/66 Gr), and highest seed (2024 Kg/ha) and oil (476 Kg/ha) yield found at 30 T/ha of cow manure. The Nitroxin biological fertilizer application on the seed number and 1000-seed weight had a significant.The result showed to obtain the highest yield and organic production in cultivated of Sylibum marianum and replacement for chemical fertilizers the application of cow manure (30 T/ha) recommended.

Sesame seed having a high oil percentage with good quality is known as the queen of oil seeds for human nutrition. The aim of this study was to determine suitable varietiese in terms of oil and protein content and oil quality. The varienties investigated are Zodras, Oltan, Yekta, Hendi, Varamin, Chini, Karaj1, Moghan local, Nazok tak shakheh and Nazok chand shakheh. For the seed freshness, seed samples were germinated for 24 – 72 hrs and the germination rate was found to be 84 – 100 %. The overall mean weight for 1000 seeds was 2.796g. The oil content, based on dry weight was measured using the soxhlet method, and the qrand mean was 51.16%. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant variation for oil content at 1% level of significance. The mean amounts of the five fatty acids namely palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic were 8.99, 5.98, 44.47, 34.69 and 0.87 percent, respectively, which were detected and measured by gas chromatography. Using the Kejeldal method for the determination of total protein content. The overall average of seed protein content in the ten varieties was 24.02%. The existence of significant variation was at 1 % level between the varieties. A negative and significant correlation was detected between oil and protein(r=-0.655**). In addition, a noticeable relationship was observed between seed color, seed oil content and the percentage of linolenic acide.