جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کودهای زیستی » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Optimum use of chemical and biological fertilizers and balanced plant nutrition as the most important soil fertility factors are among the priorities of agricultural sectors. In order to evaluate the simultaneous use of pyroligneous and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Glomus genus on the growth and yield of the Lallemantia iberica medicinal plant in poor soils, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design was conducted in 2022. In this experiment, the first factor included pyroligneous with three levels (no application, application of 2 and 4 liters per hectare), and the second factor included arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Glomus genus (no inoculation, seed inoculation with fungi, seed + soil inoculation with fungi) was performed in three replicates. The results showed that the traits of plant height, 1000 seed weight, biomass, seed yield, harvest index, oil percentage and oil yield were significantly affected by the interaction of pyroligneous and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. The highest amount of seed yield (2038 kg/ha) in the application of 2 liters per hectare of pyroligneous and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi, and the highest oil percentage (25.11%) and oil yield (487.95 kg/ha) were related to the treatment of using 4 liters of pyroligneous per hectare and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Palmitic, linolenic, oleic, linoleic, palmitoleic and stearic fatty acids were significantly affected by pyroligneous inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. The use of pyroligneous and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi reduced all fatty acids except linolenic acid, so that all levels of pyroligneous, seed inoculation, and seed + soil inoculation could increase the amount of linolenic acid compared with the non-inoculation treatment. In general, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of pyroligneous at the rate of 2 liters per hectare and inoculation of seeds + soil with mycorrhizal fungi is considered a desirable treatment to obtain high seed and oil yield of Lallemantia iberica plants in poor soils.

Eryngium campestre is a biennial herbaceous plant native to northern Iran.  Nowadays, the use of chemical fertilizers has increased significantly, which has irreparable effects on the environment and human health.  The use of organic compounds and biofertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers has recently received much attention. Also, it is more important to study about natural substances that contain more antimicrobial properties and less side effects, such as plant extracts. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted. This experiment was conducted in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2019-2020 in a factorial format based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The treatments included: nitroxin (0, 1 and 2 ml/l), humic acid (0, 1 and 2 ml/l), glycine (0, 75 and 150 mg/l). The measured traits included total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, total sugar, chlorophyll, carotenoid and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. The effect of glycine on the measured traits was significant except flavonoids and catalase enzyme activity at 5 and 1% levels. Also, the effect of nitroxin on the measured traits was significant at the level of 1%. The effect of humic acid on the measured traits was significant except for the amount of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll and catalase enzyme activity at the level of 5 and 1%. Also, the interaction effect of all three treatments on the measured traits except catalase enzyme was significant at 1% level. In general, the results showed that the treatments used in this research, individually and in combination (interaction effect), increased most of the measured traits. Also, an experiment was conducted regarding the effect of Eryngium campestre extract on the population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that Eryngium campestre extract did not inhibit the bacteria. In general, the results showed that the used compounds can be used to improve the biochemical characteristics of the Eryngium campestre.

A factorial experiment was conducted on Triticosecale Wittma L. based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Experimental factors included salinity levels (non-application of salinity as control and soil salinity of 50 and 100 mM NaCl), and bio-fertilizers (no application of bio-fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, flavobacterium, vermicompost + flavobacterium + humic acid (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid). Results showed that the highest leaf area index, root weight and volume, and leaf protein content were recorded in combined applications of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar application of humic acid under non-salinity conditions. Also, combined application of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar humic acid under non-salinity conditions decreased dry matter translocation from stem, shoot, and its contribution to grain yield by 31.97, 40.8, and 138.84% respectively while increasing grain yield, current photosynthesis, and contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield by 69.56, 151.44, and 48.3%, respectively compared to no application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid under 100 mM soil salinity. Based on the results, it seems that the application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid can increase current photosynthesis and its contribution in grain yield of triticale by improving leaf area index, root weight, and volume.

In order to study the effects of mycorrhizae and foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides on nodulation and quantitative and qualitative yield of lentil under rain fed conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm at Zardalo village, Ardabil province during 2017-2018. Treatments included foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides at four levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application of nano iron oxide (0.6 gL-1), nano zinc oxide (0.6 gL-1), combined foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides (0.3 g L-1 each), and application of mycorrhiza at four levels (no application of mycorrhiza as control, application of Mycorrhizae mosseae, Mycorrhiza intraradices, and combined application of Mycorrhiza intraradices with mycorrhiza mosseae). Means comparison showed that foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxides as well as combined application of mycorrhizal mosseae and intraradices increased number of active nodules per plant, percentage of active nodules per plant, 100 grain weight, and grain yield by 173.2, 93.08, 36.58, and 58.34% respectively in comparison with no foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide and no application of mycorrhiza. Also, combined foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide along with mycorrhiza mosseae and intraradices increased respectively the number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, dry weight of root, zinc content of grains, and protein contentof grains increased by 42.14, 95.17, 12o, 58.2, and 47.55%, respectively in comparison with no application of mycorrhiza and nano Fe-Zn oxide. It seems that foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide and mycorrhiza application owing to improving some morphophysiological traits can be considered as a proper method for increasing quantitative and qualitative yield and mitigating the effects of water deficit in rain fed conditions.

Nitrate with the chemical formula NO3- is one of the forms of nitrogen in the environment that plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle. Vegetables, water and meat are important sources of nitrate. Nitrate is made in the body through the arginine-NO pathway and enters the body through various sources. Oral nitrate is converted to nitrite (NO2-) by bacteria when it enters the mouth, and nitrite is converted to a carcinogen called nitrosamine after it enters the stomach. Many studies have confirmed the effect of nitrate on carcinogenesis in forty animal species. Nitrate can cause methemoglobinemia, cancers, thyroid diseases and tumors. On the other hand, the positive effect of nitrate on blood vessel health and the muscle-building process has been confirmed. The use of microbial agents and biofertilizers to reduce the residue of chemical fertilizers in agricultural products can be useful. In this article, nitrate sources, its role in the nitrogen cycle and its impact on human health are investigated. Also, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria to reduce nitrate concentrations in greenhouse crops is described as a practical method.

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses and limiting factors for plant development and plant production. In order to evaluate the impact of concomitant application some of microorganisms and chemical compounds with three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum as mycorrhizal inoculum on antioxidant enzymes activities and phenolic compounds in corn cultivar 705SC, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the present study, treatment of living and non-living compounds at seven levels (included Pseudomonas flurescens VUPF5, Issatchenkia orientalis yeast, Azolla, compost tea, humic acid, siderophore biologist, amino acid complex), treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (included three species of fungi and control) and drought stress at one level (30% of field capacity) were examined. Six, twelve and eighteen days after the start of drought stress, the interaction effect of treatments with species of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonialyase enzymes and total phenol was evaluated. According to the results, in all three fungal species, the activity of peroxidase enzyme in siderophore treatment with fungus was higher compared to other treatments. Also, the highest activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme was observed in R. intraradices mixed with compost tea treatment. Phenolic compounds in mycorrhizal plants and non-mycorrhizal plants reached the highest level on the twelfth day, depending on the treatment and type of fungal species. In conclusion, among the different treatments inoculated with corn, amino acid complex, siderophore, tea compost and humic acid increased antioxidant enzyme activity compared to the control treatment and reached its maximum on the twelfth day..

Environmental implications of cotinious application of chemical fertilizers, while ongoing demands for healthy products has made the attentions to the sustainable agriculture. Integrated soil nutrient management inclouding part replacement of chemical fertilizers by biofertilizers is among the sustainable agriculture nesseserities in recent years. Varius biofertilizers aleady are producing or importing into Iran's market. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of some biofertilizers with brand names Multifunctional, Bioumik, Fulzyme plus, Nitrokara, Golden Nitrokara and Inoculum on morphological characteristics and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) of peppermint plant. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with five replications. Four plants was grown in pots containing 5 kg soil treated with 2% w/w solution of biofertilizers, two times during growing period. Results showed that biofertilizers had significant effect on the number of leaves and stems, root fresh weight, as well as shoot P and root and shoot N. The highest effect on root and shoot N (1.49 and 2.26%) and shoot P (1.18%) were related to Bioumik and Nitrokara, respectively. Nitrokara efficiently resulted in increased shoot P, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. According to the results among biofertilizers best N nutrition and number of leaves was with Bioumik while lowest shoot P was observed in this treatment.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizers and micronutrients foliar application on the quality and quality of sugar beet cultivars in a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017.Experimental treatments consisted of four levels of chemical fertilizers and bio-fertilizers (F1: 100% chemical fertilizers)control), F2: 50% chemical fertilizers + bio-fertilizers (nitragin and Phosphatebarvar-2), F3: 25% chemical fertilizers + biological fertilizers (nitragin and Phosphatebarvar-2), F4: bio-fertilizers (nitragen and Phosphatebarvar-2), and micronutrients foliar application in 4 levels including: M0: distilled water, M1: zinc sulfate solution, M2: Mn sulfate solution, M3: zinc sulfate solution + Mn sulfate solution). The effect of fertilizer on biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, sugar percent, white sugar content, white sugar yield and sugar yield sugar content and -Amino-N were significant. The effect of micronutrients on biological yield, root yield, harvest index and extractable sugar content were significant. The maximum root yield (63.97 Ton.h-1) was observed in 50% chemical fertilizers + bio- fertilizers treatment. Also, Zn sulfate + Mn sulfate had the highest root yield (64.12 ton.h-1) and increased root yield by 4.5% compared to control (distilled water). The level of sugar by using bio-fertilizer increased by 14.3% compared to 100% chemical fertilizers. The maximum -Amino-N was observed in 100% chemical fertilizers treatment. The use of bio-fertilizers and micronutrients in sugar beet cultivation improved quantity and quality traits of sugar beet.

In order to study the effects of cycocle and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and some physiological traits of wheat under water limitation condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research farm of faculty of agricultural sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, during 2015-2016 cropping season. Factors were water limitation at three levels (full irrigation, irrigation to 50% of heading and booting stages, according with 45 and 59 Zadoks code respectively), seed inoculation with bio fertilizers at four levels (without inoculation as control, seed inoculation with Azotobacter chrocoocum strain 5, Pseudomonas putida strain 186 and inoculation with Azotobacter Pseudomonas) and foliar application of cycocle at four levels (0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg.lit-1). Means comparison showed that under water limitation condition, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( ), chlorophyll content, relative water content, grain yield increased due to seed inoculation with PGPR and foliar application of cycocle compared to control treatment. In all of treatment compounds, leaf area index increased rapidly to 65 days after emergence, but from 65 days after emergence till harvest time, it decreased slowly. The highest grain yield was belonged to inoculation seed with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, the high cycocle rates under full irrigation condition. Irrigation withholding in boot stage was caused the highest decline in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and physiological traits of wheat. Foliar application of 1200 mg.lit-1 cycocle and seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas increased grain yield 63.41, 52.90 and 62.46% respectively at full irrigation, irrigation to 50% of heading and booting stages

Heterocystous blue-green algae (BGA) are group of nitrogen fixation free living microorganisms that grow naturally in paddy fields. In this research BGA population of one paddy in Gillan province in different seasons, were isolated, identified and added to rice and soaked seeds as a biofertilizer. In this examination pH and moisture of soil were measured. In another examination, 2g algae were added to rice pots and plant height and total weight, root length, moisture, bulk density, particle density and porosity of soil were surveyed. Anabaena was the only heterocystous BGA found in soil samples with four species: A. spiroides, A. osillarioides, A. torulosa and A. variabilis. The highest and lowest pH (6.7, Springer & 6.2, winter) and moisture of soil (43%, Springer & 36%, winter) was in spring and winter, respectively. In addition the highest of blue-green algae population in spring (20, 12 in A & B medium) and lowest in winter (5, 4 in A & B medium) were observed. Rice seeds soaked in water and BGA germinated earlier than control seeds and the height of seedlings and roots of treated seeds were more than seeds soaked in water after 20 days. The result of pot culture experiment were: 53% increase in plant height, %66 increase in Roots length, %58 increase in Weight of fresh leaf and stem, %80 increase in Weight of fresh root, %125 increase in Weight of dry leaf and stem, %150 increase in Weight of dry root of seedling grown in pots and %20 increase in Moisture and %9.8 decrease in Bulk density, %4.8 decrease in Particle density, %28 increase in Porosity of soil and there were significant differences in pot treated with BGA as compared with control.