جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « bap » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Zamofilia is one the most valuable foliage plants which is commonly propagated using vegetative methods. This technique requires a great number of mother plants to provide adequate cuttings for commercial propagation which hardly seem to meet the most economical expectations. However, due to the slow growth habit of this plant, even under ideal growing conditions, its commercial and mass production are limited by some species-related characteristics. Therefore, developing an improved method of micropropagation which lead to a fast and reliable mass propagation technique may overcome most of these limitations especially at commercial scale. In this regard, this research was conducted and aimed to introduce an efficient micropropagation method in in-vitro condition for rapid propagation of this plant. Two different concentrations of BAP (1 and 2 mg L-1) and NAA (0 and 0.1 2 mg L-1 ) were applied on the explants taken from one of the three different positions of the leaflets (i.e., lower, middle and upper parts) cultured in MS medium and treated with blue (460 nm) or red (660 nm) light supplied by LED luminaries The results showed that the best treatment for callus and protocorm formation with the maximum stimulation (93.75%) and (66.66%) was the application of 2 mg/L BAP along with 0.1 mg/L NAA in The light was red. Callus production occurred in cut surfaces by 90% under blue and 85% under red light, while these lights induced protocorm indirectly by 80% and 90% respectively, leaving the rest to be regenerated by directly. Blue and red light induced protocorm emergence by 95% and 97% respectively from the cut surface and the parts around the cut location were responsible for the emergence of the remained protocorms. The highest rate of regeneration of protocorms (95%) in the treatment of 0.1 mg/liter NAA .

Physalis alkekengi is a fruit-bearing plant in Iran. It is very popular due to the nutritional and medicinal properties. The main limitations of its cultivation are short reproductive cycle, fruits susceptibility to pests and limited information about crop management. The use of different micropropagation methods to produce physalis is proposed as practical solution. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of culture medium and different concentrations of growth regulators on the seeds germination and organogenesis of P. alkekengi by using tissue culture technique as well as providing a suitable protocol for in vitro micropropagation of this plant. Seeds were cultured in 1/2 MS and distilled water with three different stabilizers including Plant Agar, Sand and Filter Paper. Direct regeneration (stem) and indirect regeneration (callusing from stem and leaf explants) were used for regeneration of the physalis. Explants were cultured in different hormone combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP in 2 and 3 mg/L) and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (2 mg/L). The best seed germination medium was 1/2 MS contains plant agar as stabilizer (95%). The best explant for callusing was leaf and the best medium was ½ MS containing 2, 4-D (2 mg/ L). The best regeneration medium was BAP (3 mg / L) + GA3 (0.5 mg / L) on MS 1/2. The best hormone for direct organogenesis of stem was BAP at different concentrations. The best medium for micropropagation was ½ MS containing BAP (3 mg / L) + GA3 (0.5 mg / L) (more than 25 seedlings per explant). Rooting was performed using IBA (150 mg / L) followed by transferring seedlings to ½ MS after one week. Finally, seedlings were easily transferred to the soil and more than 95% of them survived in the greenhouse. These results suggest a protocol for commercial micropropagation of physalis plants.

Echium Amoenum is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine and is effective in treating many diseases. The presence of some valuable medicinal compounds in this plant has caused the attention of many scientists in the field of biology and medicine. The utilization of plant tissue and cell culture methods, including callus culture and cell suspension, is one of the effective methods in culture and increase the effective compounds of this valuable plant. In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for the production of callus tissue from leaf and stem explants obtained from seedlings grown from seed culture. According to the results, significant difference was observed between control samples (MS free culture) and other treatments in terms of callus formation percentage and fresh callus weight. The highest percentage of callus formation (100%) and the highest fresh weight of callus (4.23 g) related to stem explants grown on MS medium containing 0.1 mg / l BAP and 1 mg / l NAA Was.

Due to the problems of sexual and asexual reproduction of Haworthia attenuatae as one of the most popular ornamental succulents, the possibility of micropropagation of this plant in in vitro conditions was studied. The effect of BAP (Benzylamino purine) and Kin (Kinetin) (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) in Combination with IBA (Indole-3-acetic acid) (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l) using leaf explants on the shoot regeneration of this plant showed that the highest number of shoots (5.22) was obtained with entire leaf explants on modified MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BAP and 0.01 mg/l IBA. Maximum number of leaves (4.66) and the longest and widest leaves (1.05 and 0.68 cm) were produced using entire leaf explants with 0.5 BAP mg/l and 2 mg/l plus 0.5 mg/l IBA, respectively. Whereas, the highest number of regenerated shoots (3.5), the longest (1.45 cm) and the widest shoots (0.87 cm) were observed in combination 1 mg/l Kin with 0.1 mg/l IBA with basal leaf segment explant. The results of root regeneration in modified MS and ½MS media supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/l IBA showed that the highest number of roots (6.66), the longest root (3.47 cm) were observed in ½MS medium supplemented with 1 and 1.5 mg / l IBA, respectively. From the rooted plantlets, 90% of them were adapted to the greenhouse environment. Generally, further optimization of this protocol can be led to using leaf explant for commercial micropropagation of Haworthia attenuata.

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is from the dark Composite perennial plant, herbaceous and pollinator. Due to the being below seed germination perecentage and heterogenous multiplication of plants from seed in terms of sweetness micropropagation of this plant with use of tissue culture methods in order to replicate mass is desirable. In this study, the performance of two explant end bud and node using three treatments the concentration of the medium MS and different levels of activated charcoal and hormones BAP and Kn in two experiment compared and reviewed. So that in the first experiment the effect of active charcoal and concentration of culture media MS and in the second experiment use separate concentrations (at 0,0/5,1 and 1/5mgr/l) of hormones BAP and Kn in three repeat was implemented. Results showed the highest increase traits in the cultivation of end buds at full concentration seen of culture medium MS with to 1/5gr/l activated charcoal as absorber substance phenols. Use concentration 1/5 mgr/l of hormones BAP and Kn showed an increase in micropropagation efficiency of both explants. Performance comparison hormones BAP and Kn using 1/5 mgr/l BAP in the cultivation of the end buds showed the most characteristics of shoot length, number of nodes and the number of lateral stems.

Matricaria aureais an important medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae, the widely used in the phrmacetical, food and cosmetics industrial. According to importance of this plant, the aim of current study was optimizing tissue culture in Matricaria aurea. In order to optimize of tissue culture two experiments, callus induction and indirect regeneration were carried out. These experiments were laid out in factorial arrangement based on completely randomized designs (CRD) with three replications on MS base medium. In these experiments, various levels of plant growth regulators, NAA (0, 0.5, 1and 2 mg/l) and BAP (0, 0.5, 1and 1.5mg/l), with two explant types (stem and leaves) were compared. The results showed that was not observed in growth hormone-free medium (control). Results showed that callus induction was occurred fast in all explants in combination of NAA (0.5 mg/l) and BAP (1 mg/l). The best combinations of plant growth regulators for callus induction were 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP for stem and leaves (100%) respectively. Interaction of different concentration of NAA and BAP was significant for callus diameter trait and leaf explant in combination of 2 mg/l NAA + 1.5 mg/l BAP was the highest callus diameter with mean of 15.31 mm. We observed maximum of indirect regeneration percentage (85.59%) in calli derived from leaf in medium with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP.

The present study aimed to optimize the callus induction and to determine the expression of flavonol synthase and chalcone isomerase genes in the pathway of quercetin production under UV-B rays in bitter cucumber callus cultivation. In this research was used concentration and combine of plant hormone 2, 4-D and BAP and explant to callus induction in Momordica charantia using complete random design with three replication. Genes expression study of Quercetin biosynthesis pathway such as FLS, CHI (were analyzed by 2-∆∆CT) and antioxidant activity assay of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (Produced by concentration of cinnamic acid) and flavonoid using best callus were selected and affected by UV-B ray (five group(Control(natural light), 5 minute under UV-B ray(studying of gene expression after 24 and 48 hour) and 10 minute under UV-B (studying of gene expression after 24 and 48 hour)). Analysis of variance was shown that kind and concentration of plant hormone was significant on callus induction. Mean square of data was shown that the most callus dry weight was obtained from 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L BAP and stem explant. The highest expression of flavonol synthase and chalcone isomerase (chi) was observed in the 10-min UV-B treatment at 24 h after treatment but decreased at 48 hours after treatment. The highest expression of PAL, quercetin and flavonoid were obtained at 5 minutes UV-B treatment at 48 hours after treatment. Overall, the results showed that UV-B radiation at the callus level had a positive effect on the expression of flavonoids biosynthetic pathway genes.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) contains valuable secondary metabolites such as Dopamin, Noradrenaline and Omega-3. This plant is used in various medicinal, food and hygienic industries as well as the treatment of different diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and pain relief. Callus induced from medicinal plants are used to increase the production of secondary metabolities in cell suspension culture and gene transfer. The purpose of this experiment was the study of different concentrations of BAP and 2,4-D of two explants from leaf and shoot tips to produce callus. Leaf and shoot tip explants were used in MS with different concentrations of BAP at three levels (0, 1 and 2 mg/L) with 2,4-D at three levels (0, 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L). Results showed that interactions between hormones and explants were significant in the percentage of callus induction, fresh weight and callus diameter at 1% level. The best result which was the leaf explant with 100% callus induction, 121 mg fresh weight and 5.106 mm callus diameter was obtained by the combination of BAP 2 mg/L and 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L. Shoot tip explants with 75% callus induction, 106 mg fresh weight and 3.03 mm diameter was obtained by the application of 1 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D.

Ajowan (Carum copticum) has been considered as an important medicinal plant because it contains many alkaloids such as Thymol. In vitro culture of Ajowan provides new tissue sources such as callus, cell suspension and seedlings to produce secondary metabolites. The present study describes callus production optimization procedures experiment that was a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design at three levels with four explants (root, shoot, leaf and coleoptile) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) and 2,4-D(2, 4 and 8 mg/l). Comparison of means showed that the maximum callus production was obtained from shoot explants, the coleoptile and leaf explants were in the second orders. In overall, 0.25 mg /l BAP alone and also with 2, 4-D mg/l concentrations proved to be optimal for the production of maximum callus and also were more effect on callus weight, callus volume and callus color. The best explant based on callus weight was coleoptile explant and for callus volume was shoot explant. The result were shown that the effective hormone combination and explant was 0.25 mg /l BAP alone and also with 2, 4-D mg/l concentrations were more effect on callus induction and shoot explant, respectively.

Dianthus barbatus is an important ornamental bedding plant in temperate regions with traditional medicinal applications. Water shortage and drought stress are major limitations for landscape development and plant medicine production. Callogenesis is the key step for modern plant breeding techniques and in vitro drought stress study defines the mechanisms of plant response to stress. Therefore this research focused on a) callogenesis optimization by different explants (leaf, stem and root) and plant growth regulators (BAP, NAA and 2,4-D) and b) effect of osmotic stress (-1, -3, -6, -9 and -12 bar) induced by polyethylene glycol on D. barbatus calli. For callogenesis optimization, various criteria such as callogenesis percentage, calli colour, tissue type and growth besides chlorosis and necrosis were observed. In the second part, total protein and glycine-betaine content besides the activity of some free radical scavenger enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase were also measured during stress at various levels. Results indicate leaf as the most suitable explant and both 2µM BAP + 4µM NAA and 2µM BAP + 6µM NAA as the most suitable media supplements for callogenesis. As calli were subjected to osmotic stress, growth and weight of stressed calli decreased by osmotic stress increment. As osmotic pressure decreased (osmotic stress increased), total protein content decreased while glycine-betaine osmolyte increased. The activity of some free radical scavenger enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase also increased by osmotic stress increment.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a well-known medicinal plant species from Asteraceae family mentioned in 26 countries pharmacopoeia. The aim of this research is to find the best landrace, explants, hormonal combination and environmental condition for the possibility of German chamomile regeneration under in vitro conditions. In this experiment the effect of different concentrations of BAP (4.4 and 8.8µM) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) (4.4 and 8.8µM) in combination with 2.2 µm IAA were evaluated with different landraces (Isfahan, Urumia, Oshnavieh and Shahindegh). The results indicated that Isfahan landrace had the highest regeneration rate (92.48%) on media supplemented with BAP (4.4 µm) in combination with IAA (2.2 µm). The maximum mean number of shoots (25 shoots per explants) obtained in genotype landrace on media containing BAP (4.4 µm) in combination with IAA (2.2 µm). For evaluating of Basal media and plant growth regulators on rooting of regenerated shoots, MS and 1/2 MS medium with (0.5, 1 mg/l) IBA and IAA were used. Result of rooting experiment showed that maximum rooting rate (100%) was occurred on hormone free 1/2 MS medium and MS medium supplemented with 0.5 1mg/l IBA. More than 90% of the regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse.

Purple coneflower is a herbaceous and perennial flowering plant and described as a traditional valuable species. It has several active compounds including phenolic acids and alkamides. In order to survey of micropropagation condition of this plant، an experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangment in completely randomized design with three replications. The factors were including explant type (hypocotyl and cotyledon)، BAP hormone (0، 0. 2، 0. 4، 1. 2 and 2. 4 mg l-1) and NAA hormone (0، 0. 05، 0. 1، 0. 3 and 0. 6 mg l-1). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among some studied treatments for callus induction and regeneration in explants. Results of means comparison for triple interaction among factors indicated that the highest percentage of callus induction occurred on a MS medium containing 0. 2 mg l-1 BAP and 0 mg l-1 NAA (97%) in cotyledon and 0. 2 mg l-1 BAP and 0. 6 mg l-1 NAA (91%) in hypocotyl explant. Moreover، no significant differences observed between two explants. Combination of 0. 4 mg l-1 BAP and 0 mg l-1 NAA) has the most effective، providing the highest frequency of shoot regeneration (31. 5%) and (32. 5%) in cotyledon and hypocotyl explants respectively.

The objective of the study was to develop an efficient method for shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation into Brasica napus cultivars, Hyola308 and RGS003. Different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) (3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 and 6 mg/L) were evaluated for shoot regeneration of petiol cotyledonary explants. Also, the effect of preconditioning and co-cultivation periods and acetosyringone concentrations were studied on the Gus reporter gene transformation. The experimental design was factorial based on completely randomized design with 3-5 replications. Maximum shoot regeneration was obtained using 3.5 mg/L BAP with 112% for Hyola308 and 120% for RGS003 cultivars. The transformed plants were screened on kanamycin containing medium and the presence and the expression of the reporter gene were confirmed by PCR and Gus assay, respectively. The highest effect on transformation efficiency was observed through 48 h preconditioning and co-cultivation period and 100 µM acetosyringone for Hyola308 (33%), and 38 h preconditioning period, 72 h co-cultivation period and 50 µM acetosyringone for RGS003 (38%).