جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « coronavirus » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Filoviruses are filamentous and enveloped particles posing a single‐stranded negative sense RNA genome. The filoviridae family including Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus cause acute and deadly hemorrhagic fevers since they are transmitted to human. So, filoviruses are considered as a serious and dangerous threat to public health. In recent years, bats have become increasingly known as potential reservoirs for several viral infections. Bats are widely distributed in all continents except the polar regions and a few ocean islands. The nature of their diet is varied from insects and animals, and plants. The diversity of bat species and some of their unique biological and ecological characteristics make it possible for hosts with a number of important viral infectious agents in medicine such as Marburgvirus, Ebolavirus, and Coronavirus. The present review study was focused on phylogenetic assessment and cytopathogenesis of filoviruses and Baltimore's groups VI & VII retroviruses transmitted from bat to human.

Nanoparticles have a great impact in various fields of medicine and therapy, including biosensors, imaging and smart drug delivery. SARS-Covid 2 is a coating virus and has particle-like properties with a diameter of 140-160 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles are very similar to the virus and will easily interact with its proteins. Therefore, nanoparticle solutions, including antiviral mechanisms to prevent the growth, proliferation and penetration of the virus, the production of masks, vaccines, is a good option to combat the virus. Due to the impact and prevalence of the Covid-19 disease and its risks to the health of people around the world, after the first days of identifying the virus, researchers sought ways to diagnose the disease in individuals, as well as its prevention and treatment. So far, vaccination has been the best way to fight against the Covid-19. In the meantime, nanoparticles due to their special properties could have many uses, including diagnosis, vaccine and drug production. In this paper, we examine the implementations of nanoparticles against the Covid-19.

Examination of reports from international organizations and various countries shows that various aspects of the fisheries and aquaculture industry are strongly affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, so that jobs, incomes and human food security are at risk. In order to immediately address the economic and social problems that this crisis has created in the fisheries and aquaculture sector, it is necessary to adopt management strategies and policies by fisheries and government managers. With this in mind, this paper aims to provide up-to-date information on the effects of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on the world fisheries and aquaculture industry. Reports indicate that the prevalence of COVID-19 has directly affected the food supply chains in various countries, which is very important. In addition, declining sales of fishery products, lack of access to raw materials (such as eggs and aquatic feed), layoffs of workers, declining incomes of farmers and lack of funding by some organizations were identified as major problems in the fisheries industry. In addition, declining sales of fishery products, lack of access to raw materials (such as eggs and aquatic feed), layoffs, declining farmers' incomes, and non-allocation of funds by some institutions were identified as major problems in the fisheries industry.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause a variety of illnesses, from the common cold to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The SARS-COV-2 epidemic was first reported by the World Health Organization of China and is now becoming an epidemic, indicating the extremely high prevalence of the virus, which has caused great concern and stress among people around the world. Has created. In the present review article, using Covid 19 keywords, prevalence, prevention, treatment and by searching in reputable databases of Pub Med Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, articles indexed in Medline and related research from 2003 to 2020 have been compiled. Research suggests that in transmitting the virus, preventing and educating people to deal with the risk and promoting self-care behaviors can reduce the rate of disease transmission in communities and identify sources of disease transmission can be effective in controlling it. The mortality rate of this virus in the elderly and people with underlying diseases is significantly higher than healthy people. Coronavirus is a challenging disease that is easily transmitted in public places and the number of people infected with this virus at all ages and in the community is increasing exponentially. Therefore, increasing public awareness of this disease and presenting positive psychological programs and teaching ways of prevention in the media, in addition to reducing mortality and the number of patients can reduce psychological problems in society.

In December 2019, the outbreak of a new type of acute viral respiratory disease (pneumonia) was reported in central China and the number of people infected with it increased rapidly. Specialists named the disease COVID-19 and identified its origin as a virus called SARS-CoV-2. So far, no effective drug has been developed that can be used to definitively treat this disease, but some drugs have been identified and introduced that have shown a significant impact on the recovery of patients. In this review study, several published articles on the structure, characteristics, origin and prevalence of COVID-19 virus, as well as drugs used to inhibit COVID-19 virus, were reviewed. All the documents and articles have been collected from reputable sites PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus with keywords such as "COVID-19", "Coronavirus 2019" and "COVID-19 and drugs". Among the drugs studied in this study, lupinavir and ritonavir have been clinically evaluated in many cases along with complementary drugs such as Interferon Alfa, and the results indicate the effectiveness of this drug in reducing the load capacity of the Betacoronaviruses family. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been shown to be effective in limiting the replication of COVID-19 in vitro. The antiviral drug amantadine reduces the viruschr('39') replication capacity due to its disruption of the lysosomal pathway. Amantadine, as an anti-influenza drug, prevents the virus from uncoating and releasing its nucleic acid into the respiratory epithelial cells. Remdesivir can also prevent damage to the human lungs caused by coronavirus infection. In relation to favipiravir, studies showed a recovery rate of 91.43%, which indicates a very high effectiveness of this drug. Among the studied drugs, favipiravir and remediator have shown significant effectiveness in many cases and are even recognized and used as COVID-19 effective drug in some countries, so that the efficacy of favipiravir has been reported to be 91.43%. Lupinavir and ritonavir, which have been used in combination with supplements such as Interferon Alpha, as well as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, which reduce the load capacity of the virus, have been shown to be less effective.

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious disease. The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak to be a global public health emergency. Currently, the research on SARS-CoV-2 is in its primary stages. Based on current published evidence, this review systematically summarizes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19. It is hoped that this review will help the public to recognize and deal with SARS-CoV-2, and provide a reference for future studies.

Aim and

Coronavirus is the causative agent of COVID-19 infectious pneumonia, which was introduced by the World Health Organization in 2020 as a global epidemic. Due to the fact that its inhibitory mechanisms have not been well understood so far, in this article we decided to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of Spike, Main Protease and Papain-like protease proteins in the coronavirus.

In the present study, all calculations were performed by AutoDock 4.2 (2013), AutoDockTools 4.2 (2013) and Cluspro2.0 (2017). Lamarckchr('39')s genetic algorithm was used to search for protein levels, and 200 were performed in each of the docking models. Finally, the interaction of protein binding and inhibitor compounds and hydrogen and hydrophobic binding was calculated by Poseview and DIMPLOT software.
 

The interaction study showed that the amino acids His163, His164, Gln189, Glu166, Cys145 and Phe140 play a key role in the inhibitory interaction of GC-376 with Mpro protein due to hydrogen bonds. Also, the study of the binding energy of the inhibitor compound to the protein shows that this compound is attached to the inhibitor with a binding energy of -6.36 kcal / mol. The docking results of PLpro complex showed that the amino acids Tyr268, Gln269, and Asp164 play a key role in the interaction of GRL0617 inhibitor with PLpro protein due to hydrogen bonds and the binding energy of the inhibitor compound to PLpro protein was -9.69. Finally, the study of the interactions of Spike protein and LCB1 peptide using Cluspro and DIMPLOT software showed that there are several hydrophobic and polar interactions between different amino acids of these two compounds, the most important of which can be He noted the interaction of the amino acid Tyr489 in the Spike protein with the amino acids Leu6 and Gln7 in the inhibitory peptide.
 

The results of this study showed that the inhibitory compounds presented in this article can well inhibit vital proteins important in coronavirus due to polar and hydrophobic interactions.

The world is in the grip of a crisis that stands unprecedented in living memory. The COVID-19 pandemic is urgent, global in scale, and massive in impacts. Following Harold D. Lasswell’s goal for the policy sciences to ofer insights into unfolding phenomena, this commentary draws on the lessons of the policy sciences literature to understand the dynamics related to COVID-19. We explore the ways in which scientifc and technical expertise, emotions, and narratives infuence policy decisions and shape relationships among citizens, organizations, and governments. We discuss varied processes of adaptation and change, including learning, surges in policy responses, alterations in networks (locally and globally), implementing policies across transboundary issues, and assessing policy success and failure. We conclude by identifying understudied aspects of the policy sciences that deserve attention in the pandemic’s aftermath.

Coronavirus by one kind of its surface proteins (spike protein) locks onto the human cells surface receptors and after entering and replication of its RNA in the host cells causes immune responses. Briefly, a vaccine that may be weakened or inactivated virus, provokes the immune system to be ready to fight an invasive pathogen. So far, various technologies have been applied to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 all over the world. Such vaccines including “Nucleic acid vaccines”, “Viral-vector vaccines” and protein-based vaccines”.

Roxane Cohen Silver, professor of psychological science, public health, and medicine writes:“Successfully managing COVID-19 and its aftermath will require that behavioral scientists provide a roadmap for public officials to ensure the public’s cooperation, trust in, and implementation of what is learned from biomedical science. Although the timing of containment of COVID-19 remains unknown, most people will get to the other side of the pandemic recognizing strengths and coping skills that they did not realize they had.”

As the new coronavirus infection (Covid-19) spreads and has become epidemic, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), it has involved us with figures and statistics. How many new items? How many countries? Is the infection curve growing? What is the mortality rate? While the extent of the disease is still unclear, the economic impact of the virus outbreak is of great concern. The effect of the virus on the food supply chain is also significant. Will we be exposed to food shortages or price jumps? How can these effects be minimized? Can the avoidance of monopolies, price monitoring, and the protection of the vulnerable through social security networks limit the spread of the virus? What is the role of food safety in preventing the spread of the virus and its effects on food security? Can raising awareness about food safety and compliance with health regulations, including workerschr('39') rights, roles and responsibilities, ensuring that people do not transmit the virus along the food supply chain be effective in ending the disease and its profound effects on food security?

The outbreak of the new coronavirus infection and the causative agent of Covid-19 poses significant threats to national and international health and the economy. In this article, we have reviewed some treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some viral infections containing ribonucleic acid (RNA-VIRUS) and found that general and specific treatments for coronavirus should be used in the fight against Covid-19 disease. The study also suggests that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be assessed before starting public treatment. Given that recent research has shown an increase in virus transmission and infection in patients with deficiencies in vitamins C and A, diets containing these vitamins along with vitamins E and D, as well as omega-3 including protectin D1, could potentially be used as promising options to prevent lung infection with coronavirus. Selenium, zinc and iron as effective elements in improving the function of the immune system may be effective in inhibiting recurrent respiratory infections. Use of inhibitors of coronavirus enzymes and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, chloroquine, emodin, promazine, diarylheptanoids and cinanserin can be used as specific interventions.

SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the coronaviruses family that causes the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in late 2019 which has exploded to a global pandemic. The reference genome of the SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be very closely related to SARS-CoV and the virus uses the ACE-2 receptor for cellular entry similar to SARS-CoV. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and respiratory symptoms. Although gastrointestinal involvements are also presented in some patients. Reduced number and functional exhaustion of lymphocytes and increased inflammatory responses of leukocytes are the most immunological characteristics of the disease. If the infection was not eliminated by the proper and strong immune responses, the disease enters the severe stage when cytokine storm and elevated inflammatory responses induced pulmonary fibrosis, shortness of breath, reduced O2 saturation, and systemic injuries resulted in patient’s death. There are no specific therapies, however, several agents such as Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, and convalescent plasma are being used for COVID-19 treatment. In the current study, we summarized recent findings on COVID-19 pathogenesis and drug therapy.

In December 2019, Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province in China, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia with unknown etiology. By 7 January 2020, Chinese scientists have isolated a new coronavirus from patients with viral infectious pneumonia, the Coronavirus 2 Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), previously called 2019-nCoV. The disease was later diagnosed as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in February 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the outbreak primarily originated from a zoonotic transmission, it soon became evident that human-to-human contact was spreading efficiently. The clinical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection has a broad spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic infection, a relatively mild disease of the upper respiratory tract, to severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and even death. Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation disorders are some of the conditions that develop in severe cases and are associated with poor prognosis. It is speculated that impaired coagulation time and elevated D-dimer levels in severe cases may require anticoagulant therapy. The present study aimed to address some of the most critical hematology findings related to the disease, which have key roles in prognosis and management of the treatment process.

The recent outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID- 19) has gripped the world with apprehension and has evoked a scare of epic proportion regarding its potential to spread and infect humans worldwide. Scientists are struggling to understand how it resembles and differs from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV) at the genomic and transcriptomic level. Similar to SARS-CoV, COVID-19 virus exploits the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to gain entry inside the cells. This finding raises the curiosity of investigating the expression of ACE2 in neurological tissue and determining the possible contribution of neurological tissue damage to the morbidity and mortality caused by COIVD-19.

Coronaviruses, enveloped positive single-stranded RNA viruses, have become significant pathogens for humans and other vertebrates since the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2002 in China. These viruses could infect the respiratory tract of humans and other animals. The outbreaks of SARS and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), which Bats are thought to be the origin of both viruses, have demonstrated that these viruses could be transmitted from animal to human and human to human. The rapid and widespread outbreak of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, since December 2019 worldwide, and its 2 to 3 percent mortality, indicates the serious threat of coronavirus to global health. Some coronaviruses also cause great economic loss by infecting domestic animals. At the current time, there is no definitive treatment or effective vaccine for COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. So it is necessary to develop effective treatment and prevention methods to combat coronaviruses.

The world has experienced an increased incidence and transboundary spread of emerging infectious diseases due to population growth, urbanization and globalization over the past four decades. Most of these newly emerging and re-emerging pathogens are viruses. On an average, more than two new species of viruses infecting humans are reported worldwide every year most of which are likely to be RNA viruses. Surveillance System, early detection, identification, characterization, containment, control and ultimately prevention of the emerging infectious diseases will require a good, functional national public health surveillance system. There is an urgent need to develop a network of diagnostic laboratories, especially in countries where epidemic infectious diseases are weak. Need for real-time early detection of disease needs innovations in biomedical technology. Contact-tracking is essential. Rapid testing facilities must be available to all populations in all countries. The COVID 19 pandemic will be a definitive moment in world history and beremembered by us all. What will also be remembered is how we behave with each other. Tackling nCoV is the biggest challenge to face the World. An effective treatment and development of vaccine must be found on a war-footing.