جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « flora » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Vegetation study is one of the pillars of land planning in any region, and the identification of plants is the basis of these studies. The purpose of the present study is to introduce the flora, life form, and chorotype of plants, and to investigate the effect of altitudinal gradient on the species diversity of the Dalfard region in the north of Jiroft city, Kerman. According to the altitude range of Dalfard, the flora of the region was collected and identified in three altitudinal zones during the spring and summer seasons of 2021 and 2022. A total of 303 plant species belonging to 217 genera and 71 families were identified. The most important plant families in the region in terms of species richness were Asteraceae (36), Fabaceae (25), Poaceae (25), Lamiaceae (20), and Apiaceae (16). Hemicryptophytes (30.7%) and therophytes (25.1%) were the dominant life forms in the region, respectively. A considerable number of species (40.9%) belonged to the Irano-Turanian region and other species to two, three, or more regions. The highest number of species (221) was observed in the altitudinal zone Z3 (2300-3100 m) and the lowest number of species (41) in the altitudinal zone Z1 (850-1400 m). The highest species similarity was determined between altitudinal zones Z2 and Z3 (37%) and the lowest similarity between three altitudinal zones (2.6%) based on the Jaccard index.

This study aims to identify the floristic composition, life form and geographical distribution of plants in Jaji Aryob region, located in the north of Paktia province, Afghanistan. Following the collection of plant samples from natural habitats, identification was conducted using the existing references. Based on the results, a total of 102 species belonging to 90 genera and 39 families were identified. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae were the four largest families within the study area. Therophytes with 36 species, phanerophytes with 27 species and hemicryptophytes with 23 were found to be the most common life forms in the study region. In terms of geographical distribution, the most dominant elements in the region were Pluriregional elements with 39 species and Irano-Turanian elements with 21 species. The study area consists of 62 common species with Iran and 71 common ones with other parts of Afghanistan. Also, one and 19 new records were reported for Afghanistan and Paktia province, respectively. The finding of this survey revealed the diverse vegetation present in the area, as well as the presence of 43 valuable medicinal species and two endemic species Colutea afghanica and Iris cabulica.

In the present study, the flora of Tange-Khoshk Forest Reserve of Semirom in Isfahan with two zones, the core zone (under protection) and the buffer zone, was investigated to introduce the floristic composition, life forms, and geographical distribution, and understand the effects of exclosure on the vegetation structure. In this region, a total of 194 species belonging to 45 genera of plants were identified, of which Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae were the most abundant in terms of the number of species. In terms of life forms, hemicryptophytes were dominant in both core and buffer zones. The study of the geographical distribution of the species showed that in both core and buffer zones, most species belonged to the Irano-Turanian vegetation area. This research showed that the exclosure of the Tange-Khoshk forest reserve had increased the diversity of vegetation, especially the presence of various tree species in the core zone.

The results of vegetation studies may be useful in solving ecological issues such as biological conservation and natural resource management, and by assessing vegetation information, future trends can be predicted. Mount Shahdezh with 2803 meters, the highest mount in Sari city, it is located in 80 km of southeast of Sari city and north of Semnan in the Chahardangeh section. Vegetation samples were collected from 5 stations in the region. Identification of plants was done based on available resources in the herbarium of Mazandaran University and with the help of experts available. Choreological studies of species according to their area of distribution was determined using these sources and geographical segmentation of Iranian vegetation. A total of 87 plant species were identified in 70 genera and 34 families. Comparison of the number of family, genera and species in the plant groups. The present study showed that dicot plant and then monocot plant had the highest number of family, genera and species. From the chronological point of view, the largest proportion of the flora belongs to the pluriregional elements (33.3%), Iran-Turanian species with 19.6% and followed by European - Siberian / Iran - Turanian / Mediterranean species with 18.5%, respectively, were the most abundant. Based on lifestyle segmentation, the identified plants were more humid or hygrophytic (58.6%) and water-derived (32.2%). Life forms determined by Raunkiaer method were included hemicryptophytes with 30% highest and hydrophytes with 3% lowest. The abundance of hemicryptophytes in the studied area is more than other biological forms, which indicates the existence of a cold, dry and mountainous ecosystem. Also, the decrease in the abundance of trophytes in the highlands compared to the low slopes can be due to the more destruction of the slopes compared to the heights.

The seed micromorphological characters of 15 taxa of Iranian Pyrus comprising 22 individuals were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Digital Microscopy (DM) for the first time in this survey. For the assessment of probable ecological effects, several individuals of some widespread species were studied. After collecting several samples of each wild taxa of Pyrus from different localities in a ten-year period, the specimens were identified by means of the examination of type specimens and different Floras. After the examination of the seeds surface, qualitative (e.g., shape and ornamentation of seeds including areolate, foveate, reticulate, colliculate, striate and undulate types) and quantitative characters (e.g., size of seeds, size of surface cells and thickness of cell walls) were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed on the data using SPSS software. According to these observations, seed morphological characters showed to have a considerable variation even among the different individuals of the same species, verifying complexity of the genus as revealed by the different approaches which were previously reported. However, some descriptive characters of seeds such as shape, size, surface ornamentation type, cell size and cell wall thickness are presented for the first time for the genus.

Identification of plant species in different habitats of the country, specially protected areas, is of special importance .In the present research, the flora of the Qalajeh protected area in the south of Kermanshah province was studied during the period from 1393 to 1395 (2015 to 2017). A total of 326 species (258 species of dicotyledons and 68 species of monocotyledons) belonging to 58 families and 225 genera were identified in this area. The largest families were Fabaceae with 13 genera and 43 species, Asteraceae with 29 genera and 39 species, Poaceae with 27 genera and 38 species, Apiaceae with 17 genera and 23 species, Lamiaceae with 13 genera and 21 species, Brassicaceae with 16 genera and 20 species, Boraginaceae with 10 genera and 13 species and Caryophyllaceae with 9 genera and 11 species. The life forms of the studied plant species included phanerophytes (5.2%), chamaephytes (7.7%), Hemicryptophytes (32.5%), Geophytes (11.4%), Therophytes (42.0%), Hydrophytes (0.9%), and Epiphytes (0.3%). From the chorological point of view, 26.3% of the total species were Irano-Turanian elements from which 4% were Iranian endemic species. The other species belong to two, three, or more phytogeographical regions.

The main basis of ecological research is the accurate identification of vegetation. Because it is an effective factor in measuring and evaluating the current situation and predicting the future situation of the region and will play an important role in proper and scientific management. For this purpose, in this study, the flora, life form and chorothype of plants in Bardkal watershed located in the northwest of Shiraz were introduced. The results showed 127 plant species which belong to 34 families and 102 genera. There are species in this watershed. The largest families Asteraceae with 24 species, Fabaceae with 17 species and Poaceae with 15 species, are in the first to third ranks, respectively. In terms of life form, 48 species of Therophytes, 34 species of Hemichryptophytes, 18 species of Camophytes, 14 species of Geophytes and 13 species of Phanerophytes were identified. The results of Chorothype plants in this watershed also showed that 122 plant species, which is equivalent to 96.07% of the total species, are located in a single-zone or multi-zone in the Iran-o-Turanian region.

 The study area, with 5000 hectares is located in northwestern of the city of Hashtpar, Talesh, Gilan and between 1000-1700 m a.s.l. Based on floristic studies from 1393 through 1394, 177 vascular plant species were identified belonging to 119 genera and 56 families. The Dicots with 131 taxa were the richest group of flora followed by monocots with 33 taxa, and Monilophytes with 13 taxa. Our research showed dominant life forms include Geophytes (36%), followed by Hemicryptophytes (30%). From the chorological point of view, we determined that the largest proportion of the flora belongs to the Euro-Siberian elements (27.5%) followed by Euro-Sibirian / Irano-Turanian elements (20%), Pluriregional (19.3%), Euro-Sibirian/ Mediterranean/ Irano-Turanian (15.7%), Euro-Sibirian/ Mediterranean (9.6%), Cosmopolitan (7.5%) and Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean (1.3%). Also Lilium ledebourii a rare flower is reported in these forest areas which was from a new locality in North Iran, indicating the old Tertiary history of this forest.

Mamoulan drop waterfall is located vicinity of the Kashkan river in the south of Lorestan province. The presence of a river and the waterfall consequently special vegetation of wetland species have been created in the area. The plant species Primrose (Primula gaubaeana Bornm.), Maidenhair (Adiantum capilus-veneris L.) and Sow thistle (Sonchus maritimus L.) are species that grow in the area due to high humidity and constant water flow. Primrose is a beautiful plant, Sow thistle a plant with high biomass used for livestock and Maidenhair as a plant medicine are among the more important plant in this habitat. According to the results; 138 plant species were identified that belonged to 110 genera and 55 plant families. There are 36 species of wetland plants (26.1%) in the region. According to the habitat and type of life, 26 species (18.84%) are Hygrophyte plants, 9 species (5.8%) are Helophytes and Hydrophyte 1 species (0.72%). Fabaceae (20 species), Asteraceae (13 species) and Brassicaceae (8 species), plant families had the highest number of species and the share of species richness in the study area. Therophytes (40.58%), Hemicryptophytes (36.23%), Phanrophytes (11.59%) and Geophytes (10.14%), are major biodiversity of plant species in the region included. Plant species of the region include: 40 species unique to the Iranian-Turanian vegetation region (29.4%), 23 species belonging to the Iranian-Turanian, Mediterranean, European-Siberian region (16.9%) and 22 species from the region Iranian-Turanian, Mediterranean (16.7%) had the highest geographical distribution in the region. The conservation status of the Primula gaubaeana Bornm. based on the IUCN criteria of this species is considered as endangered (EN/Endangered).

This study aimed to identify plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms, and geographical distribution of plants in Sarba kahman, from the slopes of Garin Mountains. The highs and lows of slopes and rocks have created differences of microhabitats which of them has own plant species. Plant specimens were collected from different altitude of the region, between 1800 to 3550 m. Biological spectra of the area were plotted by determining the percentage of species belonging to each of the biological forms. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data and references. According to the collection of plants from Sarab-e-Kahman area, 375 species belonging to 229 genera and 56 families were identified. The largest plant family belong to Asteraceae with 49 species. After this family, Fabaceae with 34 species, Lamiaceae with 33 species, Brassicaceae with 30 species, Liliaceae with 28 species, Poaceae with 22 species and Apiacea with 18 species, have the highest number of species in the region. Hemicryptophytes with 40% were the most frequent life form. 190 species (50 %) were endemics of Irano-Turanian region; 32 species of them were endemics of Iran.

Flora identification of every region playes essential role in conserving of genetic resources of the each country. Recognition of flora in each region is important and useful for other scientific researches. The aim of this study was investigated floristic composition, introducing the medicinal plant, determination of life forms, and plant geographical distrubition of Babaaman. This area is located in Bojnord, North Khorasan. The amount of annual precipitation is 252.7 mm. Plant species were collected in according to the beginning of growth season. Then these species were identified by using of Indispensible Floras. Atotal of 117 plant species belonging to 101 genera and 33 families are recorded in Babaaman, that shows plant diversity in this area. The richest plant families are Asteraceae (20 species), Poaceae (17 species), and Lamiaceae (14 species). The genera Centaurea L, Cousinia Cass.and Conolvulus L. each genus with 3 species are the richest ones. According to Raunkiar’s life form categories, they are including hemicryptophytes (38%), therophytes (32%), chamaephytes (16%), cryptophytes (8%) and phanerophytes (6%). From the view point of chorotype of this area include: Irano- Tourannian zone (65%), two regional (18%), three regional (9%) and several regional (8%). The most percent belongs to Irano- Tourannian zone. 28 plant species.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of pit, mound landscape and canopy gap on floristic characteristics of vegetation and soil seed bank of mixed European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) forest in Astara city. Sampling of vegetation and seed bank was carried out in pit and mound positions of different ages and gap with different area and also under the closed canopy). The results showed that there are 32 species belonging to 24 families and 28 species belonging to 23 families in vegetation and soil seed bank respectively. Results also showed that phanerophytes and hemicrptophytes were the dominant life forms constituting the above-ground vegetation of middle land and highland and in both physiographic positions, the creation of gap has led to the overcoming of the phanerophytes. In the seed bank, the dominant life form was not influenced by altitude and therophytes and hemicrptophytes were the most important life form of both altitude classes. In the soil seed bank, the change of species life form in each altitude is associated with the creation of canopy gap, pit and mound. The number of therophytes increased in the middleland with the creation of canopy gap (especially> 200 m2) and the pit and mound. In term of geographical distribution, Irano-Turanian/Euro-Siberian/Mediterranean chorotype was a major component of both altitude classes in soil seed bank, while Euro-Siberian chorotype was a main component of both altitude classes in above ground vegetation and its change was influenced by pit and mound and canopy gap size.

Identification and introduction of flora in a region has a particular importance in various aspects. In this regard, plant species were identified and named in Darreh Anar watershed basin in Baghmalek. Plant species were identified and their chorology, life form, endemic and rare plants determined through laboratory examinations and by using reference books. Floristic surveys resulted in identification of 132 plant species, belonged to 103 genera and 43 families. The families of Poaceae (23 species), Papilionaceae (20 species), Asteraceae (16 species) and Apiaceae (6 species), were the most important families which include? percent of total species. The dominance of Therophytes and Hemichryptophytes (92%) Life forms indicates the specific flora of mountainous regions and the cold climates in this region. From the 132 species of flora, 74 species (55.6%) are soil conservation plants, 71 species (53.4%) have forage value, 55species (41.35%) are medicinal plants and 11 species (8.3%) are edible plants. Irano-Turanian (63 species) and multi-regional (54 species) were the most dominant (87.97%) Chorotypes. The dominance of Irano-Turanian and multi-regional, can be referred to the dry and warm climate in Khuzestan and simultaneous effects of water and disturbance on the flora of this region. The threat status also indicated that none of the plant species exists in the range of threatened species. Only one species (Tribulus terrestris L.) was recognized in the domain of vulnerable plants, 14 species (10.5%) in the domain with less threat (slightly vulnerable), and 17 species (12.8%) was endemic species.

Assessing the floristic resources of each region is very important because it serves to identify it’s the genetic potential. The Lailakh region with about 13600 hectares, is located in the west of Iran, neighboaring the Dehgolan city. In order to identify the flora, life form and chorology, plants of the region were collected during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. 261 species belonging to 197 genera and 50 families of vascular plants were recognized in the region. Asteraceae with 36 species, Lamiaceae with 23, Fabaceae with 20, Poaceae with 21, Apiaceae with 18, Brassicaceae and Boraginaceae each with 16 species are the largest families of this region flora. The largest genera were Astragalus, Salvia, Silene, Vicia, Centaurea, Euphorbia, Amaranthus, Allium , Bromus and Veronica each with 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3 species, respectively. Studying the biological spectrum of species showed that Hemicryptophytes with 49 % is the dominant life form. The largest proportion of the chorological elements belonged to Irano-Turanian floristic region (52%), followed by Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian elements (11%), which indicated that the area was strongly influenced by Irano-Turanian floristic elements. Thirteen species (0.7 percent) in this habitat are endemic for Iran. In addition, 103 species used as medicinal plants.

Pollen grains as biological particles are the main source of airborne allergens and investigation about their allergenicity is very important. Pollen grains of trees, weeds and grasses are effective in increasing the seasonal allergies and cause the allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, eczema, and gastrointestinal reactions and asthma. Recognizing the allergenic plant and allergen factors in pollen grains and establishing the annual distribution calendar of pollens in flora are high throughput strategies for reducing the allergies in susceptible people. This article investigates the different factors causing pollen allergenicity and the modality of allergic diagnosis occurrence.

In this study, the flora, life form and chorology of plants in the west of Maharloo watershed located in Fars province, with an area of 293.8 square kilometers, were studied by sampling by linear method and linear transect during 2019 and 2020. This region is located at an altitude of 1800 to 2050 meters above sea level. Based on the results, 154 plant species belonging to 34 families and 108 genera were identified in this region, of which 30 species were endemic to Iran and the Iranian plateau and 5 species were endemic to Fars province. The families Asteraceae with 29 species (18.83%), Papilionaceae with 20 species (12.98%) and Poaceae with 18 species (11.68%) are in the first to third ranks, respectively. Therophytes with 59 species (38.32%) were the most abundant life form. The highest chorology of plants with 82 species (53.25%) is related to the Iranian-Turanian region. It is suggested that with proper management will be provided opportunities for reproduction and conservation of plant species in this region.

Oshtorankooh protected area is located in the east of Lorestan. The aim of the present study was to investigate vegetation, biological forms, and geographical distribution pattern of plant species in the area. A total of 730 species of vascular plants belonging to 77 families and 382 plant genera were identified. Asteraceae (116 species), Fabaceae (81 species), Lamiaceae (74 species), Poaceae (63 species), Brassicaceae (56 species), Apiaceae (46 species), and Rosaceae (24 species) had the highest number of species and the largest share of species richness in the study area. Hemicryptophyt with 264 species (36.16%) and Therophyt with 251 (34.38 %) were the most frequent biological form of the area. The plant species of the Irano-Turanian region with 330 species (45.2%) had the highest distribution and the dominant species of the region. Of the total species identified in the Oshtrankooh protected area, 107 were Iranian Endemics. In order to preserve valuable species of this region, it is necessary to implement severe conservation plannings.