جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "hyperglycemia" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and accompanied by some abnormalities in pancreatic and hepatic tissue. Previous studies approved some chemicals damaging the pancreatic tissue and disturbing insulin release such as alloxan and streptozocin, besides creating diabetic signs like hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, its possible natural compounds used traditionally as antioxidant or anti-obesity have antidiabetic effects. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of oral administration of saponin and β-carotene on biochemical, immunological, and histological properties of pancreas related to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results confirmed hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia imposed by alloxan accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation and controlled by phytochemical treatment. Overall phytochemicals improved inflammation imposed by oxidative stress in alloxan-treated rats and decreased degeneration in pancreatic tissue leading to improved Langerhans islet and causing regular and normal release of insulin. Insulin triggers glucose and lipids absorbance and relives lipoprotein profile disruption seen in diabetic rats. By considering similarity between alloxan-induced diabetes in rats and diabetic patients, saponin and β-carotene or related chemically modified compounds could be used in lowering diabetes risk and treatment of patients suffering from diabetes or other metabolic disorders.

Hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is generally believed to be the basis of diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. The most important molecules in endothelial cells that can sense elevated level of glucose and transmit signals into the cell are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).In the present study, according to bioinformatics analysis of genomic sequences between healthy and patient individuals, two G proteins GPR182 and CALCRL were selected and their expression level were examined in hyperglycemic and normal conditions in HUVEC as a model of vascular endothelial cells at different glucose concentrations and various time intervals. In addition, the effects of hyperglycemia on cell viability and cell cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT and LDH assay respectively and also morphological changes by immunohistochemistry.Overall our data reveal a probable role for GPR182 and CALCRL in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Thus, they could be developed as a potential molecular targets for the endothelial dysfunction therapy.

Diabetes mellitus is known to be resistant to insulin, to dysfunction of beta cells and to increase liver glucose production. Poor glucose control during hyperglycemia causes damage to the tissues and creates dangerous consequences, such as infertility. Chronic hyperglycemia has harmful effects on the growth of follicles, which is essential for normal female sexual function. Metformin is the most widely prescribed drug in diabetes, but chemical drugs, despite their undeniable benefits, have destructive effects, so alternative strategies for current modern diabetes medications are essential. Herbal medicines are widely used by patients, based on non-medical recommendations and as blood-glucose-lowering agents, including the nettle. Nettle contributes to lower plasma glucose levels by secreting insulin and increasing the proliferation of beta cells in the pancreas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of nettle extract as a supplement of metformin on ovarian tissue of diabetic model. In this experimental study, 30 female Wistar rats were used. Animals were weighed and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6).  1) control group  2) diabetic group who were diabetic with intravenous injection of alloxan (150 mg / kg)  3) diabetic group + Nettle root extract (150 mg / kg)  4) diabetic + metformin (150mg / kg)  5) Diabetic group + Metformin(150 mg / kg) + Nettle root extract(150 mg / kg). At the end of treatment, the effect of metformin and nettle root extract on ovarian tissue and biochemical factors such as blood glucose and sex hormones were compared and the data obtained were analyzed by SPSS. Hyperglycemia and body weight loss after metformin and nettle root increased for 4 weeks. Simultaneous administration of metformin and extracts of nettle root significantly increased the primordial, primary, secondary, and corpus luteum and reduced the atretic follicles and significantly increased FSH, LH and testosterone levels as compared with metformin alone. The results of this study showed that the root of nettle with its antioxidant compounds and other properties could be a complement to metformin with a corrective effect on hyperglycemia and the improvement of ovarian disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of benfotiamine treatment of hyperglycemic rats on viability of adipose tissue- derived mesenchymal stem cells on sciatic nerve acellular scaffolds. Material and method: After induction of hyperglycemia (STZ) and treatment with benfotiamine segments for 4 and 8 weeks from the middle part of the sciatic nerves were decellularized using Sandell method and seeded with mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. after 8 days of culture cells viability in the culture medium was evaluated by MTT assay and adhesion of the cells to the scaffold was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In comparison with intact group, cell viability of untreated hyperglycemic rats was significantly decreased while, there was no significant difference between benfotiamine treated group and intact. Results of electron microscopy confirmed adhesion of the cells on the scaffolds. In hyperglycemic condition it is likely that glycosylation of ECM constituents and the production of AGEs decrease the inducible effects of ECM on the level of cell viability and probably cell adhesion to the scaffolds. It seems that benfotiamine treatment of hyperglycemic rats by reduction of glycation and AGEs production may prevent the structural changes of the ECM.

Diabetes as a metabolic disorder affects different tissues and organs، among them the female reproductive tract such as uterus may be a vulnerable organ. This study was undertaken to study the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin therapy on uterus structure، estrous cycle and serum levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (180-200g) were randomly divided in: control، sham (Citrate buffer i. p)، hyperglycemic (Streptozotocin; 60 mg/kg، i. p) and hyperglycemic+insulin (insulin 20 IU/Kg/day; s. c). At the end of experiment (36 Days) and in diestrus stage، all rats were weighted and blood samples were collected. Thereafter، their right uterus horn was taken out، weighted and then the middle third part of uterine horn was sampled and fixed (Bouein). After histological preparation، the histological and histomorphometrical examination of uterus was performed. Although in comparison with control and hyperglycemic+insulin groups، in hyperglycemic rats body weight، uterus weight and volume، endometrium and myometrium volume were dramatically decreased (p<0. 001) and the serum level of progesterone significantly increased (p<0. 001)، vascular dilation and infiltrating cells resembling plasma cell was also observed. No significant difference was seen between control and insulin treated group for the above parameters. Insulin deficiency، oxidative stress and alteration in the HPG axis which occurs in hyperglycemic condition، may affect the uterus structure. The observed structural changes might well play a significant role in the reproductive difficulties observed during hyperglycemia

Nowadays, plant protein alternatives and increasing aquafeed efficiency are accentuated. In the present study the effects of injecting different dosages and chemical types of favonoid rutin on modulation of gilthead sea bream glycemia is studied in three consecutively distinct experiments. Fish were fed at 3% of their respective body weight twice a day with a diet containing 25% pre-gelatinized starch. Water temperature and photoperiod were adjusted near to 18ºC and 12L: 12D, respectively. Glycemia and hepatic glucose metabolism enzymes were measured. Results showed that 100 mg/kg BW of both chemical types of rutin significantly decreased glycemia (209.30±34.44 mg/dl and 120.18±9.84 for control and rutin treated groups in non-water soluble rutin, respectively, 125.50±6.54 and 99.83±6.46 for control and rutin treated groups in water soluble product, respectively) concomitant with increasing hepatic glucokinase activity (1.77±0.22 U/g protein and 6.13±1.20 for control and rutin treated groups in non-water soluble rutin, respectively, 20.19±1.51 and 25.77±1.61 for control and rutin treated groups in water soluble product, respectively). However, the time required for rutin to show its hypoglycemic effect is shorter for non-water soluble product (6 hrs after rutin injection) than water soluble one (9 hrs after rutin injection). Results implied that it is possible to manipulate the carbohydrate metabolic machinery of gilthead sea bream using hypoglycemic phytogenics (rutin) similar to laboratory rodent hyperglaycemia models.