جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Intestine » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Today, microplastics are among the most important environmental pollutants that have attracted the attention of scientists. These plastic particles enter the food chain by being swallowed by animals and cause serious damage to humans and animals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of polystyrene microplastics on the digestive system of mammals. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 6; the sham group received 200 microliters of distilled water once a day for 30 days. The first group received 200 microliters of nano-styrene once a day with a dose of 0.1mg⁄kg for 30 days. The second group received 200 microliters of nano-styrene once a day. He received a dose of 0.5 mg⁄kg for 30 days. The day after the last gavage, the animal was anesthetized with chloroform, and the intestinal and stomach samples were stained for histological examination in 10% buffered formalin solution with hematoxylin-eosin staining method. TUKEY test was used for statistical analysis and comparison between groups. All the calculations were done using Prism software and the significance level of the tests P was considered less than 0.05. The statistical findings show a decrease in the diameter of the submucosa, the number of lining cells, and the number of epithelial cells in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group. The height of the intestinal villi and The stomach showed an increase in experimental group 2 compared to the sham group. The results of this study show that the effects of nano-styrene depend on the concentration and as the concentration increases, it will leave more destructive effects on the intestines and stomach.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng root extract (Panax ginseng) on the histomorphometric and biochemical characteristics of the intestinal wall in rainbow trout. Study carried out during 60 days within 4 experiments, each with 3 replicates. In each replication 60 pcs of fry with average weight of 15gr. were randomly distributed. The experimental groups were fed with aqueous extract of P. Ginseng at 100, 150 & 200 gr./kg. diet respectively. Tissue samples from the proximal and distal segments of the intestine were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff and alcin blue stains. Results showed that by increasing the amount of ginseng up to 150 grams per 100 kg of diet, the length of the intestinal folds and the absorption area significantly increased in both the proximal and distal segments of the intestine (p < 0.05). The thickness of the muscular layer in the groups receiving ginseng did not show a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The total number of goblet cells as well as the number of acid mucus producing cells in the distal part of the intestine in the groups receiving ginseng increased significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05), but the amount of these parameters in the proximal part of the intestine did not show a statistically significant difference in the groups receiving ginseng compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The increase in the total number of goblet cells in the groups receiving ginseng in the distal part of the intestine is mainly due to the increase in the number of goblet cells producing acidic mucins in this part of the intestine, and the number of cells producing neutral and mixed mucins did not show a statistically significant difference in the groups receiving ginseng compare to the control group (p > 0.05).
 
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Addition of natural nutritional compounds including colostrum in the diet can be useful for quail. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail.

120 Japanese quails were tested in a completely randomized design using a diet without colostrum, a diet with 2% cow's colostrum and 4% cow's colostrum in 3 treatments and 4 replications and 10 Japanese quails in each replication. After a period of 42 days, two quails were selected from each replicate. Then, a piece of the ileum of each bird was examined to count the population of lactobacillus and coliform.

Quails fed with 4% colostrum had the highest total counts of lactobacillus (p< 0.05) and lowest total counts of coliform bacteria among the experimental groups (p>0.05).  Also, the treatment group fed with 2% colostrum also showed an overall increase and decrease in the population of lactobacilli and coliform bacteria compared to the control group (p>0.05).         

The use of pasteurized cow colostrum in amounts of 2% and 4% in the diet of Japanese quail increases the total count of lactobacilli and reduces the total population of coliform bacteria, which can be used as a new nutrient to improve the intestinal microbial flora in the diet of farmed poultry.

Different acidifiers have been introduced for animal nutrition in terms of type of organic acids and their composition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of consumption acidifier obtained from a mixture of organic acids (containing formic, citric, propionic and acetic acid and their salts) on the broiler chicks growth performance and some intestinal parameters .Therefore, one hundred eighty 1-d old male Ross broiler chicks were studid in a completely randomized design to 3  nutritional treatments with 6 replicates and 10 broiler chicks in each replicate, from d 0 to 35 posthatch. The treatments included 1. a  corn-soybean based commercial diet or Un-supplemnted diet (Control), 2. Control diet supplemented with acidifier daily and 3. Control diet supplemented with acidifier every other day. All of dietary treatments were formulated to meet the National Research Council (1994) and Ross nutrient requirements for starter (1 to 11 d), grower (12 to 24 d), and finisher (25 to 35 d) growth periods. The results showed that in the starter and grower phase, feed intake in groups 2 and 3 that had consumpted organic acids were less than control group or un-supplemented organic acids  (P˂0.05). In the starter phase, mean of  body weight gain of un-suplemented group or control was higher than the groups 2 and 3 or supplemented daily and every other day group, respectively  (P˂0.05); but experimental groups showed no significant change in their body weight gain during grower and finisher phases as well as whole rearing period affected by consumption of organic acids. The group  2 (daily supplemented) had better feed conversion ratio than control group during growth period (P˂0.05). The mean of ileal Enterobacteriaceae counts for the groups that had consumpted acidifiers (daily or  every other day) were significantly lower than control group (P˂0.05). The mean of villus length, villus width, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum had no significant difference between groups affected by consumption of organic acids. The pH of ileal and duodenal contents between groups showed no significancy. The results of the present study revealed that supplemented diets with organic acids can reduce some of intestinal pathogens, improve the feed conversion ratio. Daily consumption of Organic acids was more effective than when it was consumption every other day for the bird growth performance characteristics.

The present study was aimed to determine the intestinal histopathological changes of common carp fingerling following dietary exposure to Roundup® and the efficacy of dietary inclusion of medicinal plants thyme and rosemary powders to decrease such tissue changes. For this purpose, 300 fingerlings with an average body weight of 15±1.5g were randomly distributed to 5 treatments and fed at 3 different stages as follow: stage 1 with a diet containing 20g/kg of plant powder alone or in combination (treatments 3-5), stage 2 with a diet containing 2.3 mg/kg of Roundup® (treatments 2-5) and stage 3 feeding with diets with neither contaminant nor the medicinal plant powders. Results showed that at the end of the first stage, intestinal tissue had normal microscopic appearance. Pathological changes including necrosis, detachment of intestinal villus, vacuolation in intestinal epithelial cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells along with edema and hyperemia were observed at the end of the second stage in those groups exposed to dietary Roundup® (treatment 2), but those fish previously received diets supplemented with rosemary or thyme (treatments 3 and 4) showed mild tissue changes. Furthermore, simultaneous dietary administration of rosemary and thyme powders (treatment 5) resulted in better tissue protection. Based on the results of the stage 3, after two weeks long recovery period, tissue significant structure amendment was observed in comparison to the previous stage (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of medicinal plant Rosmarinus officinalis and Zataria multiflora powders could reduce the histopathological changes in intestine of common carp fingerling exposed to dietary Roundup®.

Tissue lesions is one of the reliable biomarkers of present contaminants in aquatic environments and aquatic body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histopathology of intestine tissue as a marker of environmental contamination in Pomadasys kaakan and Lutjanus johnii in the Oman Sea.
 

Nine Pomadasys kaakan (average length 35.5±4.35 cm and mean total weight 512.6±58.5g) and 9 Lutjanus johnii (mean length 22.5±3.41 cm and mean total weight (205.6±22 g) of the three stations of Konarak, HaftTir and Ramin were caught using by gillnet in winter 2016. The intestine tissue of fish was separated and fixed in Bowen's solution to observe the type and severity of tissue lesions. After routine histological procedures, 5 microns thick sections of intestinal tissue were prepared using microtome cutting device and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Then, tissue lesions were evaluated using a light microscope equipped with a digital camera.

Lesions such as necrosis, pyknotic nuclei formation, hemorrhage, vacuolation, hyperplasia and cell swelling were observed in fish intestine tissue at the studied stations. The lowest tissue lesions were observed in fish caught at the Konarak and Ramin stations and the highest at Haft Tir station.

Which could be due to the increased traffic and catching of fishing boats, cargo ships and commercial vessels in the semi-closed waters of these harbours

The main objective of recent study was comparative immunohistochemistry of Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of, Huso huso in two warm and cold seasons. Ten specimens were collected from sturgeon breeding centers and after anesthesia, biometric was taken on them. 0.5 centimeter samples of primary, middle and end of intestine were removed and immediately were placed in Bouin solution. Rutine procedure of tissue prepration was done and sections in the thicknesses of 4-6 microns were prepared. Eventually they were taken under staining. Finally was performed general Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (H&E), histochemical staining of Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), and (TUNEL) immunohistochemistry. Histomorphology and histometric results showed that the intestine consists of mucous, submucosa, muscularis and serousa. Comparative study of Gut-associated lymphoid tissue in two seasons was found that their density and composition are different. In cold season, the density of lymphoid tissue in base of the epithelium was more than the warm season.The number of lymphocyte cells in the mucosa and submucosa of different parts of the intestine in warm season showed a significant decrease compare to the cold season (p≤0.05). Also, the number of lymphocyte cells in the end of the intestine showed a significant increase during the cold season compare to the warm season (p≤0.05). In general, it has been shown that in immunohistochemical studies, the number of cells with apoptosis, especially in the warm season, were higher in all parts of the intestine than to the cold season (p≥0.05). Therefore, due to stimulation immune system in this part of the gastrointestinal tract, it can be considered to determine for vaccination time.

Inroduction & Objective: Breeding carp species included common carp, grass carp or amor, silver carp or phytophagus and bighead.This study has been doneonimpact of button mushroom compost as an alternative and fertilizer on tissues structure of four cultured warm water species. Material and For this purpose juveniles a month with an average weight of 69.60 ± 1.28g for two months in six pool werefed with button mushroom compost and fertilizers in warm water fish culture at Shahid Ahmadian Khorramshahr. During breeding,treatment groups and control were fed by button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. At the end of the stipulated time and biometrics,5 millimeter tissue samples removed from primary, middle and end part of the intestine.Then rutine procedure of tissue preparation was done and sections staining with (H & E), studied by light microscope equipped with Dinolite lens. The results indicated an increase in the number of mucus cells in common carp and silver carp in the treatment group, an increase in the thickness of epithelium in the bighead in the control group, an increase in muscle layer thickness in grass carp and silver carp in the control group and an increase in the length of villi in bighead and silver carp in the treatment group with compost(p≤ 0.05). Therefore, it can be reported that in the recent study, the use of compost, has a positive effect on various parts of the intestinal in most cultured warm water species, because the compounds in it make the food easy to get in the species has been studied.For this purpose, compost can be used as a suitable alternative for enrichment in cultured warm water species.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and ions on intestinal tissue histopathology of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) under laboratory conditions. We evaluated two concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc ions (0.5 µm/l and 1.0 mg/l) with a control group. After 14 days of exposure to the nanoparticles of zinc oxide and zinc ions, we obtained intestinal tissue samples from the crayfish. We observed damages such as increased goblet cells and degeneration of the epithelium, edema, increased plasma cells and lymphocytes, and necrosis in the intestines of freshwater crayfish.

The Zarde fish, Capoeta damascina is an carp fishes with no remarkable research concerning its biology. Regarding the important role of digestive tract in survival of animals we tried to study this aspect of the taxon’s biology. To perform this task, specimens were collected from Sezar River and the biometric characters of them were measured. Following that their digestive tract were removed and small pieces of different parts of digestive system were prepared for histological examinations. Anatomical and histological studies performed here revealed that the digestive tract consists of two main parts; esophagus and intestine. The wall of this tract is composed of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. Goblet cells of the both parts reacted positively to periodic acid schiff and alcian blue stains. In general, the results demonstrated that from histological and histochemical standpoint, the digestive tract of Zarde fish is similar to what reported in other species.

In the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbusgrypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition histology of the intestine in this fish can help to feed and nutritional requirement for the development of upbringing of this fish.In this study, 10 Shirbot with average weight 354.25±60.52 g and mean length of 36.25±4.16cm was chosen and after the easy drawing, the intestine are removed and the section of paraffin embedding and stained by routine histological was done about it. With Dino lite lenses and Dino capture software various parts was measured and then data were analyzedwith SPSS software and with p≤0/05....

The goal of this study was histological and morphometrically changes of liver and intestine in spotted grouper, because they are two important tissues for developing. After feeding larva with designated rations every five days, liver and intestinal tissue were removed and performed by standard and routine tissue procedures. Sections were stained with H&E and PAS and were examined under light microscope. Microscopic. The morphometric studies showed that the area of the hepatocytes, long and diameter of villi increased as larval developing. But the greatest changes in area of the hepatocytes were observed from six weeks to the end of the larval period. The most changes on villi long were seen 35 to 60 days after hatching, and maximum diameter changes were seen three weeks from the time of hatching. Development of liver and intestinal tract in normal grouper fish larvae have a pattern similar to other teleosts, but there was some differences in terms of time differentiation and organ function among different species that depends on the life history and a number of genetic, environmental factors and nutrition.

This study was conducted in order to determining of relative population of Salmonella spp. in various parts of poultry gastrointestinal tract using semi- quantitative PCR technique. It was removed gut contents and extracted their DNA. It is used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi- quantitative PCR technique for investigation on relative population of these bacteria. It was obtained a specific band for detecting of mentioned bacterium using a set specific primer and also a specific band for detecting of all bacteria. Then, it was determined relative population of Salmonella spp. relative to total gut bacteria using semi- quantitative PCR technique. Result analysis was showed Salmonella spp. consists 0.12% and 0.11% of total duodenum and jejunum bacteria respectively. Also it was showed Salmonella spp. consists 0.16% and 0.39% of total ileum and cecum bacteria respectively. Meanwhile Salmonella spp. consists 0.38%, 0.18% and 0.06% of total intestine bacteria at 4, 14 and 30 day of ages. Furthermore it was showed at 4 day of ages Salmonella spp. consists 0.28%, 0.11%, 0.16% and 0.91% of total bacteria in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum respectively. Thus it can state relative population of Salmonella spp. in lower parts i.e. ileum andcecum were higher than upper parts i.e. duodenumand jejunum. Obtained results showed Salmonella spp. populations were variable in various intestine parts and correlated with functions and physicochemical conditions of intestine parts.

Microscopic structure of intestine of beluga was studied from hatching until releasing to sea. Larvae were fixed in bouin’s solution, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections of 5-7 μm thick were produced and stained according to standard histological techniques: Hematoxylin-Eosin (HαE) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). One day old larvae possessed a primordial intestine, which is lined by a simple columnar ciliated epithelium. At 3 days after hatching, an oblique furrow of the digestive tube wall started to develop on the dorsal- posterior region of the yolk sac and divided the alimentary canal into two differentiated regions: the future stomach and intermediate intestine. At this time spiral valve started to differentiate. Granules of embryonic pigment accumulated in the spiral valve lumen forming the melanin plug. At 7 days after hatching intermediate gut and spiral gut were lined by a columnar ciliated epithelium. The terminal section of the digestive tract was differentiated into a short rectal duct lined with a cuboidal epithelium. The urinary bladder connected with rectum at this time. At 13 days after hatching the number of vacuoles filled with lipid increase in intermediate gut and spiral gut. Between 17-19 days post hatching beluga larvae have a period of mixed nutrition. At 25 days after hatching cells of intermediate gut showed long microvilli. At 36 days after hatching the number of goblet cells increased in spiral gut. At 43 days after hatching several intestine glands were visible in connective tissue of intermediate gut which was lined by a simple columnar ciliated epithelium. Between 57-75 days after hatching the number and size of mucosal folds increased in intestine. This information may be useful to improve rearing efficiency of beluga and the other sturgeons