جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « antibacterial » در نشریات گروه « شیمی »

The use of ultrasonic radiation for the synthesis of various biologically active compounds is a popular research area due to the simple and affordable sonochemical method, which often results in amorphous material. The aim of this study was the synthesis of some biphenyl sulfonamide derivatives by using ultrasound irradiations (sound energy) to promote a greener methodology. The reaction of appropriate primary amines with biphenyl sulfonyl chloride gives seven new biphenyl sulfonamide derivatives (1-7) in excellent yields. The structure of all these compounds was elucidated through various spectroscopic techniques such as IR, ¹H-NMR, EIMS, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis. All compounds (1-7) showed significant antibacterial activity out of these compounds, 2 (MIC = 25 µg/disc), and 4 (MIC=20, 25 µg/disc) were most active against S. typhi. In the case of antifungal activity compound 6 (MIC = 50 µg/disc) displayed significant activity against A. fumigatus fungal strains. Among the antioxidant activity, all the compound possesses good activity, but compound 6 was found to be the most active compound with 93.57 %RSA and 0.0140 mg/mL IC50. All biphenyl sulfonamide derivatives were subjected to in silico studies against dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) enzyme and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) to predict binding mechanisms to find potential inhibitors to treat bacterial infection and glaucoma respectively.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a mineral compound commonly found as a white powder that is insoluble in water. It has a wide range of applications in various industries, including tile and ceramic manufacturing, glass production, rubber and lubricant production, paint formulation, adhesive and sealant production, battery manufacturing, food products, and medicine, such as wound dressings and dental materials. Additionally, ZnO nanoparticles are used in bone regeneration in conjunction with other ceramic nanoparticles and batteries. While ZnO can occur naturally, it is typically chemically synthesized to obtain an off-white crystalline powder. When heated, it temporarily changes color to yellow but returns to its original white color upon cooling. One practical method for achieving high energy storage capacity is to use oxygen from the air as the cathode (positive electrode) and a metal like zinc or aluminum as the anode (negative electrode) in a cell. In such a cell, the proportion of the oxygen cathode naturally decreases compared to the existing anode. There are various methods for producing ZnO, including direct, indirect, wet chemical, and laboratory synthesis. ZnO possesses unique properties such as antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet radiation properties, as well as high heat capacity, making it highly desirable for diverse industrial applications. This review paper specifically focused on synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method, followed by characterization using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of the synthesized nanoparticles revealed their spherical and occasionally rod-shaped morphology, with particle sizes ranging between 30-50 microns. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are extensively used in cosmetic products such as face powder, lipstick, and creams due to their moisturizing, antibiotic, and deodorant properties. They are also employed as additives in oil, glue, and drying agents, as well as catalysts in methanol synthesis. Moreover, zinc oxide is commonly included in sunscreens due to its ability to reflect ultraviolet rays and its anti-sebum effects. Various methods, including sol-gel, precipitation, hydrothermal, microemulsion, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), and biological approaches, can be employed to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles.

A newer generation pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro alpha amylase and bacterial growth inhibitor. The molecules' design fully depended upon the structural features of previously pyrimidine derivatives. Then all the designed molecules (SD1-SD100) were docked with 1OSE pig pancreatic alpha-amylase isoenzyme. S-[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl] benzenecarbothioate, S-(4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-yl) benzenecarbothioate, S-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl] benzenecarbothioate, and S-[4,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl] benzenecarbothioate showed good docking interaction scores, as compared to acarbose. The interacting residues of the synthesized molecules and 1OSE showed similar amino acid lining as present in the active site. The synthetic procedure of the molecules was divided into two steps such as synthesis of chalcone derivative using aromatic aldehyde and acetophenone, reaction between chalcone and thiourea to form substituted pyrimidine-2-thiol, then finally substituted pyrimidine-2-thiol and benzoyl chloride reacted in presence of glacial acetic acid to obtain the best docked molecules. All the molecules show characteristic peaks in FTIR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectrometric data. Among all the synthesized molecules S-[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl] benzenecarbothioate showed best in vitro alpha amylase inhibition activity. Also, all synthesized molecules showed moderate to good antibacterial activities.

We synthesized a series of new azo-based sulfonamides 8a-l via multistep chemical processes including chlorosulfonation, nucleophilic substitution, diazotization, and coupling reactions. The synthesized compounds were characterized using various physical and spectral techniques such as melting point, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, Mass, and elemental analysis. We evaluated the antibacterial and anticancer activities of compounds 8a-l. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the MCF-10 human normal cell line after 48 h exposure. Notably, compound 8h demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (IC50 = 0.21 µM) while showing minimal toxicity towards the MCF-10 human normal cell line. To gain insights into the molecular interactions, we utilized molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of these compounds to the FGFR2 kinase receptor structure (PDB ID: 4J98). Compound 8h exhibited the highest docking score, consistent with our experimental results and demonstrating favorable protein-substrate interactions. In addition, we performed ADME prediction of the compounds, indicating their potential as lead drug candidates. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of compounds 8a-l against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compound 8i showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive pathogen. This study provides valuable insights into the biological activities of azo-based sulfonamide derivatives, establishing their potential as both anticancer agents and antibacterial compounds.

In this work, a facile and fast phytosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were reported employing an aqueous extracts of flowering shoot tips of Hypericum perforatum L. (H. perforatum). UV-Vis Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), X-ray Diffraaction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to characterize the fabrication of ZnO NPs. TEM results show a semi-spherical shape and a size range of 14 nm for synthesized ZnO Nps and also represented UV-Vis absorption at 365 nm. The antibacterial activity of phytosynthesized ZnO NPs and the aqueous extract of H. perforatum were also measured including: zone of inhibition, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The bacteria examined in this study are Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (both of which are the most common causes of nosocomial infections), and Bacillus subtilis. Regarding the antibacterial properties of the synthetic samples, the best results were obtained with H.perforatum/ZnO NPs against B. subtilis. as follows: inhibition zone diameter at 1000 μg mL-1, 18 mm, MIC and MBC values of 39.06 μg mL-1 and 78.12 μg mL-1. Considering the favorable antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnO NPs using H. perforatum extract, they can be applied in bio-medicinal applications, particularly as nanobiotics.

A green and simple method was proposed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPLs) on novel Activated Carbon (AC) using glucose and dextrin as reducers and stabilizers of silver ions. Semecarpus Anacardium (SA) nutshells, an agricultural waste, were used as precursors to prepare low-cost Activated Carbon (AC) with a high surface area by chemical activation with KOH as an activator and different ratios of activating agents to the precursor. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPLs) on AC samples were synthesized using chemical and green procedures. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPLs) on AC samples were synthesized using chemical and green procedures. Surface functional groups in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) diffractograms including a broad peak in the range of 2θ =15–28◦ and a weak and broad peak in the range of 2θ =40–48◦, confirmed successful synthesis of AC. Also, the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 and the presence of Ag2O were confirmed by XRD and SEM/EDX analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM) reveals that the particles are spherical in shape and the Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs) images confirm the particle size distribution of the silver nanoparticles mainly in the range of 1–5 nm. EDX mapping was used to observe the exact distribution of silver nanoparticles on the planar carbon surface. The BET results indicate that the AC synthesized with the activating agent to precursor ratios of 1 has the highest surface area (717 m2/g) and the largest pore volume (0.286 cm3/g). Finally, the resulting Ag-AC was applied to study antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria by risk diffusion and the agar well method. Silver nanoparticles distributed on the activated carbon surface had significant antibacterial properties. The sample from green synthesis with an AgNO3 solution concentration of 0.1 M  showed the most antibacterial effect.

A pioneering approach for the spectrophotometric inquisition of microscale amounts of iridium (III) under aqueous conditions has been explored using a novel benzopyran derivative, 3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HMPC) as a ligand, hence, employing complexation as a basis of reaction between the two. The spontaneous complexation between iridium (III) and HMPC is manifested by the expeditious formation of a pale yellow complex at pH 4.87 in which the metal-to-ligand ratio [M:L] is estimated as 1:2. The complex absorbs paramountly at 423-430 nm and is markedly stable. For ensuring the formation of a stable complex, optimal conditions have been fixed concerning the parameters regulating its formation. Accordingly, the system shows coherence to linearity between 0.0-1.7 µg/mL of iridium (III). The molar attenuation coefficient and Sandell’s sensitivity are 6.824×104 L/mol cm and 0.00281µg Ir (III) cm-2, respectively at 425 nm. Statistical parameters including RSD, correlation coefficient (r), and detection limit are respectively, 0.2169%, 0.9999, and 0.0123 µg/mL. As a check for flexibility and usability of the method, intervention concerning complexing agents and cations of prime analytical importance has been carried out indicating the majority of these do not induce any interference during determination. The accomplished studies serve as proof of the versatility, flexibility, and sensitivity of the method. Keeping in view the aforesaid characteristics of the complex, it was subjected to numerous biological investigations and has been satisfyingly found to possess anti-cancerous, bactericidal, and antioxidant properties thus expanding its novel utility domain in the therapeutic world. Quantum chemical parameters (DFT and MEP), based on analysis of electronic properties of the complex in its most stable least energy conformation, are used to better understand the chemistry of the produced complex.

In this study, a novel bicomponent nanomaterial has been designed to be used as an antibacterial effective wound dressing for dry wounds. These nanofibers' wound dressing successfully have been produced by coaxial electrospinning method feeding neat polylactic acid into the core and thermoplastic polyurethane-silver nanoparticles into the shell. In addition to examining the antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties of the designed polymeric nanomaterials, physical and chemical characterization studies have been also carried out. It has been determined that the 10% silver nanoparticles doped bicomponent nanomaterial had the thinnest smooth nanofibers with 1127 nm value, the highest hydrophobic behavior with 131° contact angle value, the highest tensile strength with 2.53 MPa value, and the highest flexibility with 66.84% value. In addition, 10% and 5% silver nanoparticles doped bicomponent nanofibers have been indicated to have high cell viability with values of about 90% and 80% respectively. It has been emphasized that these bicomponent electrospun mats, which have been improved for dry wounds can be used as a 100% antibacterial effective wound dressing against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa if it is renewed every 24 hours.

The application of bioactive natural oils in the food industry is limited due to their instability and poor solubility in hydrophilic media. This study aimed to investigate the effect of alginate microcapsules of linseed and black oil on microbial and sensorial properties of chocolate ganache during 28 days of storage. The results showed that both evaluated oils had considerable antibacterial effects against tested microorganisms (Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans) and gram-negative than gram-positive bacteria were more resistant to linseed oil. Therefore, Black seed oil showed higher antibacterial activity and both linseed and black seed oil microcapsules had lower antibacterial effects than their free form. The incorporation of encapsulated oils in chocolate ganache was not significantly different from the control samples. Although, the free form has shown higher antibacterial activity, due to the characteristics of protecting the bioactivity of oils from undesirable conditions, controlled release, and marketability of the product, loading the oils in an alginate bead is a suitable way for the application of black seed and linseed oil in food products.

In this report, the volatile profiles from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Allium tripedale Trautv. have been characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Accordingly, high quantities of non-terpene hydrocarbons have been identified as the major constituting groups of all the relevant chemical profiles. The impact of the experimental variables has also been optimized using Design-Expert software. In addition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the methanol extract of the plant material have been determined. The results of this study revealed that this plant can be considered a potent antioxidant and antibacterial agent, serving as an alternative to chemical drugs.

Medicinal plants are a rich source of secondary metabolite. In the present research, the dried aerial parts of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss were extracted by digestion method. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized from the combination of the extract with copper chloride solution at a ratio of 1:4. The characteristics of copper nanoparticles by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were analyzed. The SEM analysis predicted the size of copper nanoparticles to be 63.28 nm. The EDS spectrum confirmed the presence of copper nanoparticles. BET analysis predicted mesoporous structure of copper nanoparticles. Thirty-three (31) compounds in the essential oil of plant identified, which constituted 99.7% of the essential oil and 8 major compounds were perillaacetate (49.0 %), 2-methyl-1-octen-3-yne (17.2%), D-limonene (15.0%), 1,8-cineole (5.2%), trans-alpha-ocimene (2.4%), p-mentha-1(7),8(10)-dien-9-ol (1.1%), sabinene (1.4%) and 4-terpineol (1.5%).

In this study, we explore a steroid compound from the endophytic of the mangrove (Avicennia marina). Penicillium sp. is one of the microbes endophytic isolated from the mangrove and induced in the chitin medium by the so-called "cultivation". The cultivation in the medium is a strategy to enhance secondary metabolites production. In addition, the steroid compound of the secondary metabolites can be extracted and isolated from the purified fraction, followed by analysis and characterization to validate the target compound. Using the acquired 14MA15 fraction as a representative sample, we found that it presents a peak in the UV spectrum at a wavelength of 206 nm from the carbonyl group. The stretching vibration of C=O group in the IR spectrum is also confirmed at 1712 cm-1. Furthermore, other stretching vibrations from the O-H group, C-O group, and –C–H group are detected at 3410 cm-1, 1055 cm-1, and 1463 - 723 cm-1, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the steroid compound proposed has a molecular formula of C26H40O2 according to MS fragmentation analysis.

Hydantoin and thiohydantoin derivatives are important core moiety in the design and synthesis of heterocyclic compounds as well as medical products with good biological activity, these derivatives are very useful building blocks for the synthesis of various heterocycles with hypothermic activities, antibacterial, fungicidal activity and other pharmaceuticals properties. The three component reaction of stoichiometric amounts of acetylenedicarboxylates with alkyl isocyanides in the presence of 2-thiophenytoins afforded imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines as a imine compounds and then these imines produce target amines in the present of catalyst in good overall yields. To choose the best catalyst among various common acidic catalys, PTSA has the best yield in the shortest reaction time. Finally the stereochemistry of the Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazin-7-imines was studied by NOE spectra. We have developed a simple and useful method for the synthesis of functionalized imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines in two methods. The present method carries the advantage that not only is the reaction performed under mild conditions, but also the starting materials and reagents can be mixed without any activation or modification.

An eight-membered spiro-alkoxy compound Tris[N-(2-(λ1-oxidanyl(ethyl)-2-(λ2-azanyl) ethan-1-amine] N3P3(OC2H5NC2H5N)3 was synthesized by replacing the chlorine atoms of Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCTP) with 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanol (AEAE) groups. The structure of Tris[N-(2-(λ1-oxidanyl(ethyl)-2-(λ2-azanyl) ethan-1-amine] (TAEAEAP), was characterized through the utilization of several spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 31P-NMR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, we performed DFT level for predicting vibrational spectra, to obtain structural parameters, including the conformation of the substitutional rings, bond lengths, and bond angles. The theoretical and experimental vibrational spectra were compared to validate the proposed model. Moreover, we investigated the emission spectra of TAEAEAP in the presence and absence of metal cations, such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+, in a safe and non-toxic solvent mixture of H2O/MeOH (9:1, v/v). The biocompatibility of TAEAEAP was evaluated through an MTT assay conducted on healthy L929 fibroblast cells. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of TAEAEAP with tumour suppressor (1BD8) and transferase/transferase inhibitor (3NUP) proteins were performed. This study involved an investigation into the synthesis, structural analysis, and antibacterial properties of a purple-coloured complex, bis[tris(2-ethylaminoethyl)amine]copper(II) dinitrate, that was formed from the reaction between copper nitrate and TAEAEAP.

Bactericidal effect of copper oxide is still a growing area of research even though a lot of experiments have been carried out by the researchers. The present work was designed to explore structural and optical properties of micro-size copper oxide particles (µCuO) synthesized using microwave irradiation. Synthesized samples were characterized with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the formation of rod-shaped copper oxide in micron size. X-ray diffraction pattern showed the synthesized microparticles are in monoclinic phase. Solutions of µCuO with various concentrations from 1% to 15% were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide for the antibacterial study. Starting from 2% concentration, µCuO started to produce a good inhibition zone around the Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The prepared µCuO displayed splendid results in bactericidal activity against Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Higher concentrations of the µCuO showed strong action against bacterial growth. Micro-size copper oxide can also be used as an antibacterial agent like nano-size copper oxide.

Nowadays antimicrobial resistance is one of the important concerns caused by the extensive use of antibiotics. Efforts to find new materials with antimicrobial effects have been more serious than before. In this study, MgO/MgAl2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal technique. To investigate the physicochemical properties, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscopy were carried out. For the purpose of evaluation of the MgO/MgAl2O4 nanoparticles, energy dispersive Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy ran then minimum inhibitory concentration measured on eight bacterial strains. The majority of nanoparticles were in the range of 90 to 150 nm which is the well-optimized size for our purpose. Antimicrobial analysis showed the effect of synthesized MgO/MgAl2O4 NPs on every eight microbial strains including 4-gram positive Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and 4-gram negative strains Serratia marcesens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoni.

Salmonella is among the most common foodborne pathogens that affect millions of people annually, sometimes with severe and fatal outcomes. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to develop natural antibacterial compounds, such as essential oils. Based on GC/MS analysis, Pulegone (33.10 %), Carvacrol (10.60 %), Piperitenone (9.33 %), Eucalyptol (8.01 %), -Terpineol (5.46 %) and L-Menthone (4.79 %) were the major components of phytochemicals of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZEO). Encapsulation of ZEO using maltodextrin and gum arabic as wall in ratio of 1:1 with ZEO concentrations of 30 % (w/w) and 2.5 % (w/w) was done by spray drying method. The research results showed that, if the concentration of essential oil increased, the antimicrobial properties increased. The microbial population in the encapsulated ZEO treatment was lower than in the free ZEO treatment. The lowest inhibitory effect of ZEO was related to the concentration of 0.25 % (w/w) in the free state. The highest inhibitory effect of ZEO was related to the concentration of 1% (w/w) in the encapsulated state. The bacterial inhibitory property at the concentration of 0.5 % ZEO (w/w) in the free state was approximately equal to the concentration of 0.25 % ZEO (w/w) in the encapsulated state. The inhibitory properties of bacteria at concentration of 1 % (w/w) in the free state was better than the concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 % (w/w) in the encapsulated state. Based on the results, formulation of ZEO in minced beef can prolong its shelf life and control microbial changes during storage at 4 oC. ZEO is insoluble in water, but a water-soluble microcapsule can be produced using this method. ZEO can be used as a natural and effective preservative for reducing pathogenic bacteria and increasing the shelf life of food.

Nanotechnology is an emerging discipline for biomedical application. Nanoparticles (NPs) research is one of the most studied and rapidly evolving field with its wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications, particularly in antimicrobial development. Following the improvement of the biomaterial’s functionality, the new area of ‘nanocomposites’ which often refers to the combination of NPs with other biomaterials such as hydrogel, polymers or other stabilizers, has swiftly followed. In the past decades, bacterial infections have caused negative impacts on human health, social and economic development in the globe. These problems are further aggravated by antibiotic resistance issues caused by drug-resistant microbes. With this, the development of antibacterial NPs has become an important field to alternate for the discovery of novel antibacterial agent. This review aims to discuss the key features of NPs, primarily derived from metal and metal oxide, for their antibacterial use in the clinic, the mechanisms of bacterial killing, and to cover some of the key challenges towards the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use.

The current investigation examined the potential antibacterial and antihyperlipidemic properties of ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Garcinia atroviridis (EGA). The phytochemical contents of EGA were analysed through Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GCMS). The antioxidant properties of EGA were carried using DPPH, reducing power, and radical OH scavenging methods, whereas antibacterial activity of EGA was conducted against 4 pathogenic bacteria using agar diffusion method. To test antihyperlipidemic action, High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidaemic rats were given EGA at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg orally for five weeks. Body weight changes, liver weight, serum lipid profile, and liver histology were assessed. The EGA contains phenols and flavonoids by 23.53±0.27 mg GAE/g and 20.48±0.39 mg QE/g, respectively. Around 15 compounds were identified where hexanoic acid (30.55%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (27.51%), and octadecanoic acid (15.49%) were compounds with the largest number. The EGA has antioxidant activity significantly different with ascorbic acid increasing %DPPH scavenging, %OH scavenging, and reducing power scavenging. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration 10% with a clear zone diameter, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was obtained at different concentrations. This investigation was founded that EGA decreased biochemicals levels and causes liver tissue changes. Our studies demonstrate the EGA is antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihyperlipidemic.