جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "extract" در نشریات گروه "شیمی"

The phytochemical analysis of methanolic fraction from leaves of Ferulago trifida Boiss. led to the identification of rutin (1), narcissin (2), heraclenol (3), xanthotoxin (4), imperatorin (5), bergapten (6), prantschimgin (7), umbelliferone (8), isogosferol (9), isopimpinellin (10), and oxyimperatorin (11). The antibacterial effect of the isolated compounds was investigated, and umbelliferone and isogosferol showed a moderate antibacterial effect on S. epidermidis (IZ: 15 mm, MIC: 500 μg/mL) and S. dysenteriae (IZ: 16 mm, MIC: 500 μg/mL), respectively, compared to gentamicin and rifampin. The antioxidant capacity of the methanolic and chloroform extracts elucidated from leaves was examined by DPPH and FRAP tests. The results showed weak antioxidant potency in the DPPH method for methanol (IC50: 81.1 µg/mL) and chloroform fractions (IC50:125.2 µg/mL) compared to BHT (IC50: 19.2 µg/mL) as a positive control. The methanol extract (67.1 ± 2.9 mmol FSE/100 g) and chloroform extract (77.4 ± 4.1 mmol FSE/100 g) also showed weak antioxidant activity according to the FRAP compared to the BHT (267.2 ± 4.2 mmol FSE/100 g).

In the current research, the effect of lavender essential oil and extracts (aqueous, alcoholic and hydroalcoholic) on Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger molds was investigated. Then, a concentration of the obtained essential oil and extracts according to their Minimum lethal and Inhibitory concentration was added to the bread formulation. Chemical, Microbial and Sensory characteristics (General Acceptance Rate) of bread samples were measured in time intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days after production. The prepared toast samples included control, containing 0.016% essential oil containing 1.66% aqueous-ethanolic extract, containing 3.2% ethanolic extract , containing 4.26% aqueous extract . In surveying the results , pH and Humidity of the samples were observed within the standard range during storage. Regarding the Minimum Inhibitory and Lethal Concentration of the investigated fungi, the lowest and highest amount was obtained for the essential oil and the aqueous extract respectively (p≤0.05). On the third day of bread storage, the control sample had the highest total microbial population and the other studied samples had no microbial population. On the sixth day, the highest total microbial population and mold population belonged to the control sample, and after that, the sample contained 3.2% ethanol extract and 4.26% aqueous extract. The lowest total microbial population and mold population were observed on the sixth day in the sample containing 0.016% essential oil and on the ninth day in the sample containing 1.66% water-ethanol extract (p≤0.05). The sample of toast containing 66.1% water-ethanol extract of lavender plant had the highest sensory score (General Acceptance) (p≤0.05).

Medicinal plants are a rich source of secondary metabolite. In the present research, the dried aerial parts of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss were extracted by digestion method. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized from the combination of the extract with copper chloride solution at a ratio of 1:4. The characteristics of copper nanoparticles by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were analyzed. The SEM analysis predicted the size of copper nanoparticles to be 63.28 nm. The EDS spectrum confirmed the presence of copper nanoparticles. BET analysis predicted mesoporous structure of copper nanoparticles. Thirty-three (31) compounds in the essential oil of plant identified, which constituted 99.7% of the essential oil and 8 major compounds were perillaacetate (49.0 %), 2-methyl-1-octen-3-yne (17.2%), D-limonene (15.0%), 1,8-cineole (5.2%), trans-alpha-ocimene (2.4%), p-mentha-1(7),8(10)-dien-9-ol (1.1%), sabinene (1.4%) and 4-terpineol (1.5%).

Pain and inflammation in the joints from cartilage breakdown characterize osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative disease linked to low estrogen levels. Because phytoestrogens can perform the same role as estrogen, they may be useful in relieving OA-related pain and inflammation. It is well-documented that some plants, like Chrysophyllum cainito L., contain phytoestrogens. To identify the efficacy of a 70% ethanol extract (CLE) and tablet (CLT) formulated from C. cainito leaves in reducing pain perception in male Wistar rats. Acute toxicity tests were initially carried out on the CLE in rats. The analysis was carried out for 14 days, and then a probit analysis was performed to determine the LD50 value. The antinociceptive activity of CLE and CLT was then tested on rats using the writhing test at doses of 4.05, 8.1, and 16.2 mg/200 g BW rat/day for the CLE, and 24.3, 48.6, and 97.2 mg/200 g BW rat/day for the CLT. After 30 minutes of administration of each sample, the rats were induced intraperitoneally with 1% acetic acid and then observed for their stretch for 30 minutes. The LD50 for the CLE was 70.028 g/kg, indicating that it was practically non-toxic. The rats also showed no signs of toxicity qualitatively. Both the CLE and CLT demonstrated antinociceptive activity, with the optimal dose for CLE being 4.05 mg/200 g BW, and the optimal dose for CLT being 48.6 mg/200 g BW, resulting in percentages of writhing inhibition of 80.61 ± 7.3 and 80.62 ± 7.3, respectively. These results indicate that CLE and CLT are safe and have an antinociceptive effect, so they have the potential to be developed as alternative anti-OA drugs.

Malaria resistance to artemisinin combination therapy has prompted researchers to explore anti-plasmodium materials. One of the marine biotas thought to have the potential to inhibit the development of malaria parasites (Plasmodium sp) are black trepang and curryfish. These two marine biotas consist of two varieties of sea cucumbers with various therapeutic benefits. However, their antimalarial effects have not been studied. Two marine biotas, black trepang and curryfish extract, were analyzed using in vitro screening to determine their antimalarial activity. The experiment was done through in vitro screening technique (culture medium containing P. falciparum). P1 was a negative control; P2 was a positive control/using chloroquine as an antimalarial; P3 was a group that received black trepang extract) and P4 was a group that received curryfish extract. Measurements of parasitemia levels, growth percentage, inhibition rate, and IC50 were performed to determine the antimalarial activity. The antimalarial results suggest that increasing the dose of marine biota extract reduces the parasite development rate and increases the inhibition rate. In line with IC50 analysis, both marine biotas have high antimalarial activity. Curryfish extract has a lower IC50 value than black trepang extract. The study demonstrated that black trepang and curry fish have high antimalarial activity.

This research aimed to investigate in vitro antimicrobial property of Acalypha wilkesiana against some selected pathogenic microbes that are resistant to drugs. The crude and defatted methanol extracts were screened for the presence of secondary metabolites as well as analysed for in vitro antimicrobial activity using agar-well diffusion method. The phytochemicals in the leaf include flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, cardeinolides, and cardiac glycosides. The methanol leaf extract showed activity against some microbes in a concentration-dependent manner, with highest inhibition zone against Salmonella typhi (24.67±0.33mm) at 500 mg/ml with insignificant difference as compared with to the inhibition zone of the standard drug, Ciprofloxacin (20 mg/ml) [25.00±0.57] and the lowest zone of inhibition against Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the least zones of inhibitions of 7.00±0.00, 7.00±0.00, 7.00±0.00, and 8.00±0.00, respectively, at 100 mg/ml. S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans had no zones of inhibition and no zone of inhibition shown at any concentrations on Aspegillus niger. The antimicrobial susceptibility test shows that Acalypha wilkesiana had the highest activity against C. albicans (19.00±0.57), while no activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Although the residual portion had the best antimicrobial effect, thus, this study has provided guide that the compound(s) responsible for the antimicrobial effect could be polar in nature.

The current report concerns with phytochemical and biological analysis of the organic extracts with different polarities, e.g., methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone from some organs of Etlingera velutina (Ridl.) R. M. Sm (leaves, rhizomes and stems). This study revealed remarkable antioxidant potentialities of the prepared extracts using DPPH and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assays as well as notable antibacterial features using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. More importantly, the antiproliferative of methanolic extracts of the plant parts was evaluated against human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line using MTT assay.

This research aimed at studying the optimization of cocoa pod-Ficus exasperate (CP-FE) extract preparation as mild steel anticorrosive agent in hydrochloric acid solution using a central composite design as an optimization tool. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.42% was obtained at ethanol volume, extraction time, CP-FE mixing ratio, and CP-FE mass of 500 mL, 48 hr, 5, and 100 g respectively. The coefficient of determination value of 0.9674 between experimental and predicted values suggested that the model developed was exact. The optimum predicted point for CP-FE extract preparation by CCD was 62.02 mL, 9.51 hr, 3.42, and 75.68 g for the ethanol volume, extraction time, CP-FE mixing ratio, and CP-FE mass respectively. SEM images revealed an acid attack on the mild steel surface. Adsorption of CP-FE extracts on the mild steel surface prevents acid attack. FT-IR revealed the presence of carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups. EDS revealed high iron composition on mild steel surface in the presence of CP-FE extracts. Loss of Fe2+ into free HCl solution was observed from the AAS result. Conclusively, mixed cocoa pod-Ficus exasperate extracts exhibited effective corrosion inhibitory attributes for mild steel in HCl solution.

One of the main objectives of (SDGs) is to prevent the environment and public health by substantially reducing waste generation through prevention, reduction, and recycling by 2030. Another issue of concern is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials which are main drivers in the development of drug-resistant pathogens. The green waste was segregated and consisted of the flora of various families, extracted with three solvents, and the antibacterial activities through the disc diffusion method were observed on three most common pathogenic strains. Plant materials extracted with solvents manifest various degrees of antibacterial activities; ethyl acetate extracts draw the most promising results against the selected bacterial strains. The preliminary antimicrobial investigation concludes, given a scope of considerable research for green waste, the phytochemicals present can probably set off as one of the potential alternatives to the synthetic drugs and multidrug-resistant pathogens, and a way to reduce waste generation in the environment.

Antifungal bioactive compounds in Thyme extract are prone to degradation by oxidation, heating or light. For preventing of this problem, encapsulation process is a valuable method to protect these natural products. The aim of this study was to encapsulate of Thyme extract via chitosan as a biodegradable polymer to keep antifungal effect and other chemical bioactive compounds. In this study, extraction of Thyme was carried out by probe ultrasonic- assisted extraction (UAE) system with total solid content (TSC) 64% and then synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles containing Thyme extract was performed by ionotropic gelation technique. Morphology of chitosan nanoparticles was identified through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The related images showed a spherical shape of the nanoparticles. Particles size of the encapsulated polymers was 75.07 nm with single modal particle size distribution which was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) of both encapsulated with and without extract indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles could involve the bioactive compounds to their vacancies, successfully. This ecofriendly procedure could be represented as a suitable alternative for biological control of the plant pathogens instead of chemical fungicides.

Nowadays nanotechnology is a buzzword in scientific area with diverse number of applications. The advancement in the eco-friendly and reliable systems for the development of nanoparticles are a crucial key to the discipline of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have been incessantly evaluated and utilized in numerous industrial applications. Specifically, the rule of cobalt oxide nanoparticles has received an incredible interest due to its, UV filters properties and photochemical, antifungal, high catalyst, and antimicrobial activities. In chemical and physical techniques High rate of harmful chemicals are used for the synthesis of nanomaterials. To overcome this issue various clean and green methods are adopted which use plants, organisms and microscopic organisms for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This paper reviews different green synthesis techniques used for synthesis of cobalt oxide NPs and their applications. It was found that, the green route of synthesis is safe and eco-friendly. Additionally it is expected that the biomedical applications in this area will expand in different procedures including bio imaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and gene delivery. Also, cobalt oxide NPs can act about as sharp weapons against numerous drug resistant microorganisms and as a gifted substitute for antibiotics.

Treatment of bacterial infections with chemicals has led to drug resistance. Therefore, research to replace herbal treatments with less side effects is of a great importance. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the antimicrobial effects of methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis on some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. In this research study, after collecting the plant and confirming its scientific name, R. officinalis extract was prepared using Soxhlet extractor method at the concentrations of 20-400 mg/mL and the antimicrobial effects of theextract using agar well diffusionand determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) from dilution method against standard bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methanolic extract of R. officinalis plant has an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus so that it has the highest sensitivity to methanolic extracts of R. officinalis in P. aeruginosa with a 19.8 mm the zone of growth inhibition and the lowest sensitivity to S. aureus with the zone of growth inhibition 14.4 mm. The results of this study showed that R. officinalis extract has a significant effect on tested bacteria, and further research is required to identify, quantify, and purify its effective compounds.

This study reports the phytochemical constituents and anti-diarrhoeal potentials of leafextracts of Corchorus olitorius Linn. (Malvaceae) and that of aerial part of Scoporia dulcis Linn. (Lantaginaceae) in rats. Samples were collected in December, 2016 from Nnewi-ichi, Nnewi, Anambra State and Mandara-Abdu, Biu- Borno State, Nigeria, respectively. The phytochemical screening of the C. olitorius and the aerial part of S. dulcis extracts were conducted using standard methods; the results revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, free and combined reducing sugar and tannins. Saponins was only found in S. dulcis. The diarrhoea was induced in rats by castor oil-induced method. The rats were grouped into 3 rats of 5 groups for each extract; groups I and II served as negative and positive control, while groups III, IV and V as treatment groups. The results showed a non-dose dependent but significant (p<0.05) effects with the lowest mean number of defecations at 6.67±1.70 and 10.33±0.94; and highest protections of 75.00% and 61.27% respectively at the same dose of 300 mg/kg bd. wt. for C. olitorius and S. dulcis. Comparatively, C. olitorius showed significantly (p<0.05) low severity of diarrhoea relative to S. dulcis. Thus, it showed reduction in the faecal output and protection of the rats from diarrhoea induced by castor oil. These observed results could explain their use as anti-diarrhoeal agents in African Traditional Medicine especially in Nigeria where the plants are used.

zinc oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized using nigella sativa L. seed extract. Nigella sativa L. is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. Concentration of plant extract plays a vital role in the synthesis of nanoparticles zinc oxide. Nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This experiment was conducted in Arak University in an experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Each replication consisted of one fertilizer levels including 2 per thousand of Zn-nanoparticles in one stages of growth (8 or 12 leaves). During the experiment, the height of plant, number of branches was investigated. This study showed that using spraying had significant differences in the factors like plant height number of branches. Also, using all microelement treatments had significant effects to the level of 1%. In case of using spraying treatments, the best results for number of branches and height were related to 2.perthousand of Zn- nanoparticles and the least were related to control. This formulation can be used for increasing yield, enhancing the products and removing food deficiencies.

Nowadays, green chemistry and its advantages are generating interest of researchers toward ecofriendly biosynthesis of the metallic nanoparticles. In this research, a rapid, simple and green method was developed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Prangos ferulaceae leaves. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. The results of DLS, SEM, EDAX, XRD and UV-Vis techniques confirm the synthesis and formation of uniform and spherical shape of silver nanoparticles with average particles size around 10 nm. The aqueous extract of Prangos ferulaceae leaves was found to displays strong potential for the reduction of silver ions and producing of the silver nanoparticles via a very cost effective, clean, nontoxic, ecofriendly method which can be manufactured at a large scale.