جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « general anesthesia » در نشریات گروه « شیمی »

Cesarean section (CS) is considered as a significant surgical intervention necessitating a high level of professional skill and a choice between general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). Anesthesia type can significantly influence postoperative recovery, patient satisfaction, and, ultimately, the quality of life. This article aims to compare the impacts of GA and SA on the quality of life among women who undergo elective C-sections. This study was carried comparatively on 200 Kurdish pregnant women who undergoing to have a cesarean section with a spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia preference to mothers or physician were included in a purposive sample was carried out in the operating theatre at Maternity Teaching Hospital from 25th January, 2022 to 18th December, 2022. The EuroQoL-5 Dimensions-3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L) self-administered questionnaire was used by the participants to measure their health at four different time points; two hours prior to cesarean birth, 24 hours following the procedure, one week, and one month thereafter. At 24 hours, spinal anesthesia resulted in significantly better outcomes for mobility (70% vs. 44% no problems), self-care (8% vs. 11% no issues), and pain (83% vs. 75% moderate pain) (p<0.05). After one week, the advantages of spinal anesthesia remained for self-care (78% vs. 44% no problems) and anxiety/depression (66% vs 47% not anxious) (p<0.05). After one month post-delivery, health outcomes were similar between anesthesia methods. The study found that spinal anesthesia offers better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes than general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. As a result, spinal anesthesia is commonly preferred to as the anesthesia technique for cesarean delivery in many countries.

Lung ultrasound score (LUS) is a semiquantitative assessment tool that has been proposed to assess lung aeration changes in mechanically ventilated patients after therapeutic interventions. In anaesthetized patient, LUS not only detects intraoperative atelectasis, but it also correlates with perioperative oxygenation impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and degree of atelectasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery using LUS score. Total patients selected in our study were 60 aged between 18-60 years who underwent laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia. According to the lung ultrasound protocol, a total of 12 areas were divided and scanned in both hemithorax at four-time intervals preoperative period (T1), immediately after intubation (T2), before extubation (T3) and one hour after extubation (T4). The image was assessed by anaesthesiologist experienced in lung ultrasound based on modified lung ultrasound scoring system. LUS at all four-time intervals were compared. We observed an increase in total LUS score T3 and T4 time period compared with preoperative (T1). LUS scores at posterior quadrants 5 and 6 on either side also increased at T3 & T4 time period (p<0.001). The incidence of atelectasis was 6.6%, 6.6%, 78%, and 80% at T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. No change in hemodynamics and oxygen saturations were observed in all patients at various time periods. This study concluded that incidence and degree of atelectasis was found to be higher in the dependent lung zones as demonstrated by lung ultrasound score in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia.

Some other researchers also came to the conclusion during 2018 that in spinal anesthesia, the occurrence of sore throat, muscle pain, and rapid return of pain after surgery is less compared to general anesthesia. Considering the inconsistencies in the studies, we decided to systematically review maternal and neonatal outcomes following two methods of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia.

In this review article, all databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SID, MagIran, and the Cochrane Library were searched and reviewed by both authors of this article based on PRIZMA guidelines without time and language limitations. The keywords that were selected based on MeSh and based on which the search was conducted included general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, neonatal, maternal, outcomes, cesarean, and delivery.

Related to the examination of pain intensity after the operation in the two stages of recovery and before receiving painkillers, 44% of the participants had moderate pain and in the part after receiving painkillers, two percent of the participants had mild pain. Only three percent of the samples had a headache after spinal anesthesia, and in the general anesthesia group, all the samples had no headache.

According to the results of the present study, it seems that the use of spinal anesthesia for cesarean section compared to the general anesthesia with less pain, less painkiller consumption, higher Apgar score, higher average hematocrit and hemoglobin, no sore throat, and more satisfaction with, but the complications of nausea, vomiting, and headache after surgery are more common in the group with spinal anesthesia.

Introduction:

 Due to the fact that orthopedic surgeries have increased a lot in recent years and some of these patients undergo surgery under G/anesthesia, the shivering possibility after surgery has increased in them. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures; this study was conducted as a systematic review to investigate the safety and effectiveness of two drugs, ondanestreon and meperidine, in preventing shivering after anesthesia in patients who are candidates for orthopedic surgeries.

This research is a systematic review based on the PRIZMA guidelines in 2022 by searching the keywords ondansetron, meperidine, prevention, chills, orthopedics, and general anesthesia in all databases that publish medical articles without restrictions.

The average number of minutes of zero shivering score in all patients who were fully treated before the 10th minute in the two groups was in the 7th minute and earlier in the meperidine group than in the ondansetron group and was significantly different. 29% in the ondansetron group and 31% in the meperidine group did not reach zero score at the 10th minute, and there was a need to re-inject the drug to control shivering.

Although ondansetron is effective in the shivering treatment after general anesthesia, its strength and speed are weaker compared to meperidine. Therefore, the results of this study could not prove that ondansetron has different efficacy and safety compared to ondansetron or vice versa.

Surgery with general anesthesia increases blood sugar in two ways, one is due to surgical stress and the other is the pharmacological effects of anesthetic drugs; On the other hand, the use of spinal anesthesia has positive effects such as reducing deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, etc. Based on the studies conducted on the blood sugar level 15 minutes before the operation and 25 and 50 minutes after the operation. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate these two anesthesia methods in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

In this study, which was a systematic review and was conducted during 2022 based on the steps of the PRIZMA guidelines, databases that publish articles in the medical field were searched based on the objectives of this study; In this search, every article that was published in English and Farsi and had a good quality was included in this systematic review so that its contents could be used for the purposes of this study.

No significant difference in the average blood sugar between spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia groups before surgery, after surgery, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after surgery and during recovery. The average blood sugar in this group decreased after surgery compared to before surgery.

Considering the importance of blood sugar regulation around the time of surgery, the current study found spinal anesthesia to be somewhat preferable to general anesthesia in controlling the patient's blood sugar.

Since rhinoplasty surgery is performed under general anesthesia and the prevalence of this type of surgery in the Iranian population is increasing at a very fast rate, and on the other hand, because there is no accurate information about the systemic inflammatory response caused by general anesthesia in candidate patients. Rhinoplasty is not available. We decided to conduct the present study with the aim of reviewing the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with general anesthesia who are candidates for rhinoplasty.

Keywords such as General Anesthesia, rhinoplasty, surgical stress, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the Iranian and international databases by both authors of the present study with the help of Boolean operators (AND, OR, and NOT) were searched and the obtained studies that met the criteria for entering this study were evaluated.

The most important topics discussed by examining the number of articles include surgical stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the role of immune cells in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the potential effects of cytokine release during surgery and general anesthesia, and the role of promoting cytokines. Inflammatory in systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by rhinoplasty.

During surgical stress, neuro-endocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune systems can be activated rapidly and potentially harmful consequences such as cardiac dysfunction, cardiovascular instability, endothelial activation, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and possibly immunosuppression. Enhancing endothelium function may reduce the incidence of excessive inflammation, immune system, and complement, as well as complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and multiple organ/organ failure.

Apgar score of neonates at birth is one of the determinants of postnatal mortality and one of the effective factors in Apgar score of cesarean section neonates that is the type of drug used for maternal anesthesia. Owing to the disagreement on the benefits and possible side effects of anesthetics, the present study was an attempt to evaluate and compare the effects of propofol and thiopental on the Apgar score of neonates undergoing cesarean section under the general anesthesia.

The present study is a systematic review. Persian articles were searched in databases such as SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, and English articles were searched in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation. To access the full text of articles, the keywords of propofol, thiopental, general anesthesia, neonatal Apgar score, cesarean section, and their combination, the Boolean search methods, and conjunctions of “And” and “Or” were used. The information of reviewed articles included the first author, year of publication, the country of study, the sample size, and the outcome of the study.

A total of 27 articles were included to the study. In 22 studies, no statistically significant difference was found between thiopental and propofol effects on neonatal Apgar score at minutes 1 and 5. Also, in 4 studies, Apgar scores at minutes 1 and 5 were reported higher in the propofol group than the thiopental group. Furthermore, in one study, Apgar score at minute 1 was reported higher in the propofol group than the thiopental group. In three studies, Apgar score of neonates at the minute 1 in thiopental group was reported higher than the propofol group.

It seems that neonates whose mothers underwent the general anesthesia with propofol for cesarean section have better Apgar scores than those who received thiopental. One of the effects of propofol is its shorter duration of action, and if the patient has a problem with difficult intubation, the effect of the drug ends sooner and the patient’s breathe returns as soon as possible. Likewise in this regard, compared to thiopental, which has a longer effect, Propofol is a more effective drug in cesarean section women under the general anesthesia.