جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "green synthesis" در نشریات گروه "شیمی"

In this study, the adsorption efficiency of a low-cost biodegradable adsorbent, poly (AAC-co-AM)/AC biocomposite hydrogel prepared by a green method using free radical copolymerization was studied to remove heavy metals such as copper ions. Several analyses of the hydrogel were performed, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of some optimal conditions, such as copper ion concentration, equilibrium time, hydrogel weight, and solution temperature, was studied in the batch model. The adsorption of copper ion increased from 73.25% to 92.91% with a rising weight of hydrogel (0.01-0.1 g/50 mL) but with the increase in weight of the hydrogel, degrease the adsorption efficiency from 27.14 to 219.14 mg/g at a fixed concentration of copper ion 30 mg/L, equilibrium time of 1 h, temperature 25 °C, and agitation speed 150 rpm. Finally, as the temperature increases, the adsorption efficiency and removal percentage increase. Adsorption equilibrium studies were investigated by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Freundlich model provided the result with better efficiency (Qe=84.567 mg/g). Calculations of non-covalent interaction, RDG, and Quantum chemical parameters are used in this study to confirm the real binding between metal ions and surfaces.

The use of the new Fe3O4@Salicylic acid nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SA) is described in the synthe-sis of 3, 4 dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones and benzylidenemalononitrile in a solvent-free(SF) environment at 80◦C as a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly procedure. In thepresent protocol, we have created new, simple chemical co-precipitation method for the synthesisof efficient and magnetically recoverable Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with alayer of salicylic acid. The synthesized catalyst underwent thorough characterization successfullyby Infrared spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electronmicroscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and FESEM-energy-dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM)respectively. This eco-friendly and green synthesis methodology has advantages, such as the ab-sence of hazardous organic solvents, magnetic in nature, salicylic acid coated ferrite nanocatalystsare easily separable and reusable, quick reaction time and large product yield(71-98%), makingthis protocol superior and robust.

This work used an easy-to-use and quick method to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from an aqueous extract of Conyza canadensis. A biological process was used to create silver nanoparticles devoid of hazardous chemical constituents. This study aims to explore the impact of using C. candensis extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent on the production of silver nanoparticles. The produced silver nanoparticles had an absorption peak at around 299 nm when examined using (UV-Vis) spectrum. The obtained silver nanoparticles are analyzed, and their shape, average size, and crystalline nature are estimated using scanning electron and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). An X-ray diffraction spectrum is used to confirm the orientation and crystal structure diffraction (XRD). The extracts may include bio-reducing chemicals, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) research. Using various conventional screening techniques, the C. canadensis extract was examined to determine which phytochemical components were in charge of the biosynthesized CC-AgNPs' decrease. The biosynthesized nanoparticles and C. canadensis extract were examined for their antioxidant activity utilizing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Reductive Capacity (FRAP) tests at varying molarities. According to the study, C. canadensis is a viable source of bioactive chemicals that are being transferred from natural sources to industrial applications, including the development of novel drugs, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Silver nanoparticles have been extensively researched as promising possibilities for antibacterial action and cancer treatment.

The sustainable manufacturing of small metal particles via herbal extracts has gained a lot of attention recently as an environmentally acceptable technique. These techniques serve as alternatives to conventional chemical synthesis techniques, which usually include the use of dangerous chemicals that are bad for the natural world and human health. Plant extracts are regarded as natural resources for the environmentally friendly production of nanomaterials. Bioactive substances such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which can function as both preserving and decreasing representatives, are abundant in these extracts. Metallic nanoparticles with desired chemical and physical characteristics are produced adopting this technique. These nanoparticles are employed in many different industries, including as water purification, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and the food industry, due to their unique biological characteristics. This publication provides an overview of the many environmentally friendly synthesis mechanisms for metals.

Nanoparticles possess unique optical, mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and chemical properties, enabling their use in various fields. Green synthesis, leveraging plant extracts, offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative. This study synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) using jujube leaf extract and characterized them using UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. UV-Vis analysis revealed absorption peaks at 212 nm and 196 nm, corresponding to particle sizes of 40-79 nm. FT-IR identified functional groups in the extract, while XRD confirmed the crystal structure and estimated crystallite sizes using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The Co3O4 NPs exhibited strong photocatalytic activity and significant visible light absorption, supported by electronic band structure analysis confirming their half-metallic nature. These findings underscore the material's environmentally friendly synthesis and potential for advanced photocatalytic applications

A sensitive, simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method has been suggested for the determination of the drug diphenhydramine (DPH) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The method depended on the preparation of the nano-aluminum oxide (Al2O3 NPs) and nano-iron oxide (Fe2O3 NPs) using the Melissa plant extract. The main purpose of this study is to determine the extent of change in electrical potential by using copper wire and aluminum wire, four electrodes were prepared. All electrodes showed Nernstian response, the best response was equal to 57.75 mv/decade for the electrode made from (sodium tetraphenylborate STPB- diphenhydramine)  as an ion pair with TBP as a plasticizer and (Al2O3 /Fe2O3) NPS with the aluminum wire membrane electrode, also the concentration range was 1.0×10-2  to 1.0×10-8 mole.L-1 with detection limit near to 2.07×10-7 mole.L-1. The value of the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9998. In this study, we succeeded in producing nanomaterials from green sources, with applied them in the potentiometric determination of the drug (DPH) to increase the sensitive of the preparation electrodes. These methods have become more desirable because they are characterized by ease of preparation, low cost, and do not use materials harmful to the environment.

In recent years, the use of nanoparticles has gained significant attention in cancer research due to their unique properties and potential as targeted drug delivery systems. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Primula vulgaris stabilized silver nanoparticles (PVAgNPs) and the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. In this study, PVAgNPs were synthesized separately from the flower (PVAgNPsF), leaf (PVAgNPsL), and root (PVAgNPsR) extracts of Primula vulgaris (PV). The PVAgNPs were characterized by various analytical techniques, including UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maximum absorption wavelengths are obtained at 437 nm for the PVAgNPsR samples and at 440 nm for the PVAgNPsF and PVAgNPsL samples. Based on the XRD spectra, PVAgNPs were found to have a cubic crystal structure. On average, the zeta potential values of PVAgNPs ranged from -14 to -28 mV, indicating that they were quite stable. SEM analysis showed that the synthesized PVAgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape and ranged in size from 40 to 89 nm. The iCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) system was used to evaluate the efficacy of the synthesized PVAgNPs against MCF-7 cell lines. After 24 h of incubation, the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of PVAgNPsL PVAgNPsR, and PVAgNPsF Were determined to be 30.37, 36.74, and 57.64 µg/mL, respectively, indicating that PVAgNPs have an in vitro cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, PVAgNPs were successfully synthesized using a green synthesis approach. In addition, a thorough characterization of these nanoparticles was carried out, confirming their structural properties, and demonstrating their efficacy against MCF-7 cell lines. These results highlight the potential of PVAgNPs as promising candidates for the development of novel anticancer drugs. However, further studies are required to evaluate their feasibility and efficacy for future therapeutic applications.

The modification of carbon from Nut shell was done via carbonization at 500 °C and activated under acidic conditions with H3PO4. Thus, Nutshell (NS) and chemically activated carbon utilizing acid H3PO4, the biochar surface will be referred to as NS-H3P will exhibit comparable capacity in removing BB dye compared to commercial activated carbon (CAC). The NS-H3P adsorbent has been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Effect of several factors like equilibrium time (5-60 min), the weight of adsorbent (0.01-0.08 g), the concentration of dye (10 -50 mg/L), pH solution (2.8-10.3), and solution of temperature (10-45 oC) were investigated. The equilibrium result tends to fit best with isotherm Freundlich than isotherm Langmuir. The isotherm Freundlich model with a high R2 was utilized to describe multi-layer adsorption. Desorption of dye studies was performed with NaOH, HCl, and H2O. Computational modeling was performed to obtain deeper mechanistic insights on the adsorption behavior of the BB dye molecules onto (002) sheet of Biochar. This modeling section includes Monte Carlo space exploration for the lowest adsorption energy configurations of the BB dye molecule on the Biochar surface. The process included an adsorption locator calculations module.

A simple, green, rapid, sensitive, and eco-friendly ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (USA-DES-DLLME) was developed using modified nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for the separation and pre-concentration of crystal violet and Congo red dyes in water samples, analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In this method, synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and AFM. The optimum conditions for the quantitative recovery of the analytes included the effects of pH, type and volume of DES, volume of ZnO NPs, extraction time, THF, and centrifugation speed and duration. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) at a concentration of 0.05 µg mL-1 was found to be 2.71% and 2.77%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.0351 µg mL-1 and 0.0561 µg mL-1, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.017 µg mL-1 and 0.0187 µg mL-1. The enrichment factors (EF) were 42.914 and 47.392, with the pre-concentration factor being 41.411 for crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes, respectively, at 53.713. The intra- and inter-day precision of the method were calculated at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5 µg mL-1. For crystal violet dye, the intra-day precision was 2.9% and 3.2%, while the inter-day precision was 2.8% and 3.4%. For Congo red dye, the intra-day precision was 2.0% and 4.2%, with inter-day precision at 3.8% and 4.4%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of crystal violet and Congo red dyes in water samples.

In this work, novel antibacterial drugs that are tetrazole derivatives connected to the 1-position of the heterocyclic ring (benzimidazole) via a methyl bridge were designed and synthesized. The final chemical structures of the prepared tetrazole derivatives were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. Three types of Candida were used to investigate the synthetic compounds' antifungal properties: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis. Compounds e1 and b1 have greater efficacy against Candida albicans than normal fluconazole, while compound d1 shows greater efficacy against Candida glabrata. The ability of compounds to combat gram-positive and gram-negative, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis was also assessed. The lowest inhibitory concentrations of compounds e1, b1, and c1 against E. faecalis were comparable to those of the control drug azithromycin. Modeling studies were conducted against the 14-α demethylase enzyme found in Candida species. When it came to combating Candida species, e1 was the most effective chemical and had the highest docking contact energy. Based on the theoretical ADME of prepared compounds calculated, the molecule profiles meet the limitation rule requirements.

Cephalexin monohydrate can be detected using potentiometric sensors made of coated wire electrodes. The Cephalexin monohydrate sensor was made of cerium oxide nanoparticles that were made using green synthesis techniques. At concentrations of 3.0×10-9-1.0×10-2 mol.L-1, an excellent response was observed with values of -54.78 and -54.76 mV.decade-1, respectively. The detection limits were between 4.0×10-2 and 9.8×10-2 mol.L-1 for CEX-PT-CeO2 NPs containing a sensor's leaves extract of Myrtus communis and CEX-PT-CeO2 NPs containing a sensor's leaves extract of Mentha. For CEX-PT-CeO2 NPs with Myrtus communis sensor leaves extract and CEX-PT-CeO2 NPs with Mentha sensor leaves extract, the PH ranged from 3.5 to 6.5, and the lifetime was 52 days. With concentrations of 8.0×10-10-1.0×10-2 mol.L-1, the CEX-PT-CeO2 NPs sensor displayed a non-Nernstian response close to -35.96 mV.decade-1, limit of detection of 4.0×10-10 mol. L-1, with a pH of 3.0-8.0. As a CEX-PT-CeO2 NPs sensor, a new coated wire electrode was developed in this study. The limit of detection, selectivity, and concentration range of the two sensors were all very high. These sensors were used to find Cephalexin monohydrate in pharmaceutical and pure products.

A sustainable synthesis method was employed to produce Co3O4 and Co3O4@Ag nanoparticles for ethanol electro-oxidation and antibacterial applications. The eco-friendly approach involved utilising leaf extracts from hibiscus sabdariffa for nanoparticle synthesis. Various characterisation techniques, such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dispersive X-ray analysis were employed to analyse the properties of the nanoparticles synthesised via green method. FTIR analysis indicated that biomolecules present in the leaf extracts contributed to reducing the metallic salts during synthesis. The average particle size of the nanoparticles was determined using Scherrer's equation, which considered the width of the diffraction peaks in the XRD data. SEM analysis confirmed the morphology and well-dispersed nature of the Co3O4 and Co3O4@Ag nanoparticles at nanoscale level. Incorporating Ag nanoparticles into Co3O4 facilitated ethanol adsorption, leading to enhanced electro-oxidation by reducing energy barriers and resulting in significant electro-oxidation activity. Moreover, the antibacterial efficacy of both Co3O4 and Co3O4@Ag nanoparticles was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Nanotechnology has been a prominent discipline in the scientific community over the last ten years. Innovative techniques have been developed to produce high-quality nanomaterials due to their various applications and growing demand. During the initial phases, conventional synthesis techniques were employed, which depended on both carcinogenic substances and significant energy input to produce materials at the nano-scale. The pollution generated by conventional synthesis methods necessitates the development of more environmentally friendly synthesis methods. As the detrimental effects of climate change become more widely recognized, scientists are working hard to find solutions to offset the damaging effects of hazardous industrial methods. Using naturally occurring biological systems to synthesize nanomaterials is known as "green" nanomaterial synthesis. This review centers on the historical development of nanoparticle synthesis, starting with traditional techniques and moving toward greener technologies. Comparing green synthesis to classical synthesis, the former is just as effective, if not more so. Using energy-efficient procedures and naturally derived starting materials, it provides a sustainable method of producing nanomaterials. According to recent research, introducing active chemicals into naturally occurring biological systems (such as bacteria, yeast, algae, and fungi) has produced a variety of useful nanoparticle systems. Therefore, the application of green synthesis in research and large-scale production is a viable way to overcome the limitations of traditional synthesis methods.

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticle (CoFe2O4) have sparked intense attention due to their widespread use in biological application, photocatalytic dye degradation, environmental remediation, medicine, energy devices, and industrial domains. Modern alternatives have received a lot of attention due to growing concerns about the ecological and environmental effects of chemical and physical methods for preparing cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Many researches have been undertaken on biological procedures that are cost effective, nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. This review discusses the protocol for the biogenic synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using various plant parts; mechanism of green synthesis involves the use of natural reducing and capping agents, such as plant extracts, to produce nanoparticles with desired properties. Methods for characterizing the produced nanoparticles that were utilized to investigate their structural, morphological, and magnetic characteristics were also examined and various applications are highlighted. The review also identifies the challenges and opportunities for further research and development in this area, emphasizing the need for optimization of the synthesis parameters and exploration of novel eco-friendly precursors and capping agents. Overall, green synthesis of cobalt ferrite NPs presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for producing advanced materials for various technological applications. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in eco-friendly synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, their characterization techniques, and potential applications.

In this work, the synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO-NPs) was carried out using Laurus nobilis leaves extract as a capping and reducing agent. Characteristics of the AgO-NP included; “XRD”, “UV”, “FT-IR”, “SEM-EDX”, and other systems. The UV-visible spectra of the aqueous medium peaked at 443.0 nm, which corresponds to the AgO-NPs’ Plasmon absorbance. The XRD pattern shows the formation of AgO-NP with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. The SEM analysis showed that the particles had a spherical form. and roughly 16.9 nm in size. There were no harmful stabilizers or reducers added when the silver nanoparticles were being created.

This work represents a green synthesis of Lanthanum and Cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using Azadirachta Indica (Neem) leaf extract. La2O3 and CeO2 NPs were characterized for purity and structural properties using different techniques such as Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Visible), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) reveal a spherical shape having an average size of 10-50 nm. BET analysis shows an increment of surface area from 14.909 m2/g to 42.144 m2/g. The peak pore volume of metal oxide nanoparticles increases from 0.181 cm3/g to 0.2338 cm3/g. Further, synthesized NPs were analyzed for dielectric behavior, antibacterial studies, and hemolysis assay.

In this study, a surface-modified solid support through the immobilization of sulfonic acid groups on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@AE-SO3H). The structure of prepared hybrid nanostructure was characterized by various analyses. The catalytic activity of prepared hybrid nanomaterial was tested in the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives. High to excellent yields, short reaction times, green solvent and conditions, easy workup procedure, reusability without a significant diminish in catalytic efficiency and simple separation of nanocatalyst by using an external magnet alongside the environmental compatibility and sustainability, are some benefits of this method. Furthermore, high acidic content of the prepared nanostructure makes it a good candidate for other acid-catalyzed organic transformation.

A one-step green synthesis approach has been used successfully to synthesize undoped and Sm-doped calcium titanate nanoparticles (NPs). In particular, we prepared undoped and Sm-doped CaTiO3 NPs using Tridax procumbens leaf extract as the catalyst for the first time. From XRD analysis, the calculated crystallite size is 23.92 nm and 24.32 nm, respectively, for undoped and Sm-doped CaTiO3 samples. From the UV-Vis analysis, the calculated band gap is 3. 59 eV and 3.56 eV respectively for the undoped CaTiO3 and Sm-doped CaTiO3 nanoparticles. Owing to their distinctive morphologies, flower-like CaTiO3 NPs possess a high level of photocatalytic activity when exposed to UV light. As a result of varying degradation times, the synthesized material was used to photodegrade methylene blue dye. Under UV light irradiation, undoped and Sm@CaTiO3 exhibited effective photocatalytic properties, which may explain the existence of active oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. During the cyclic activity, CaTiO3 doped with Sm did not exhibit any changes in phase or structure, proving that it is highly stable during degradation.