جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « استان فارس » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

In recent years, Hystrix indica as the biggest rodent in Iran has been in conflict with humans regarding the destruction of gardens and agricultural products, and the population of this species has been decreased due to illegal hunting and the use of pesticides and chemical poisons. Meanwhile there is not effective information which provide the possibility of developing a management and conservation plan for this species, so the aim of this study is to investigate the structure and genetic diversity of Hystrix indica in Fars province habitats.

15 quill and tissue samples of this species were collected in the Fars province habitats. After DNA extraction, mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was amplified in 13 samples by polymerase chain reaction and 912 nucleotide pairs of this gene were sequenced and edited for each sample.

Based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Phylogenetic Tree, all the studied samples are related to the same clade and belong to Hystrix indica species. Among the studied samples, only two different haplotypes were identified and the haplotype diversity was equal to 0.282 and the nucleotide diversity was estimated to be 0.00029.

the results showed that haplotype diversity of Hystrix indica is low in Fars province, so it is suggested to avoid further environmental crises like disruption of its food chain, while conducting demographic studies in order to develop a conservation and management plan for this species.

Tashk and Bakhtegan lakes are part of the Bakhtegan Wildlife Sanctuary, whose size is 108,000 hectares, according to the Ramsar Convention. These lakes are the second-largest in Iran and have an outstanding biodiversity of plants and animals. They include 13 families, 36 genera, and 53 plants, as well as 46 mammals, 218 birds, 36 reptiles, three amphibians, and 23 fish species. These two lakes are among the most thriving water ecosystems with high habitat diversity. Due to favorable reserves of aquatic animals, they are a suitable place for wintering, laying eggs, and reproducing migratory birds. During the last two decades, they have suffered from environmental factors such as drought. With the construction of three dams, Darudzen, Sivand, and Mollasadra, with a capacity of 1.5 billion cubic meters, the two lakes have completely dried up on the Ker and Sivand rivers, and the region's biodiversity has been destroyed. The purpose of this article is to investigate the importance of the Bakhtegan and Tashk Lakes and to introduce these two important lakes to the public, the scientific community, and the executive managers of the country, both in the time of high water and in the current situation, which from 18 years ago until now, both lakes are facing blackouts and gone and dried up.

Flow resistance in rivers with vegetation patches is one of the challenging parameters in river engineering. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vegetation patches on flow resistance in Shapur, Fahlian, and Dalaki rivers. The data measured in this study include velocity measurement, surveying, and bed sampling. In this study, considering the simplifying assumptions, the equation for the flow resistance due to vegetation patches was derivated. Accordingly, the flow resistance due to vegetation patches was obtained by the difference in the flow resistance due to bed from the value of the total flow resistance for each section. The results show that the average percentage of vegetation patches’ contribution from the total flow resistance is 44%, which shows the significant effect of vegetation patches on flow resistance. In addition, an investigation of 71 measured velocity profiles showed the phenomenon of Dip in the velocity profiles near the vegetation patches, and by moving away from the vegetation patches, the effect of this phenomenon is reduced and the profiles become S-shaped.

In recent years, rangeland degradation has reduced a wide range of ecosystem services for billions of people whose livelihoods depend on natural resources. Proper rangeland management can multiply the rangeland's capacity to benefit from ecosystem services. The dominant model of rangeland management is the preparation and implementation of pastoral plans. These plans, if not be properly selected and not be based on rangeland ecosystem services improving, in addition to exacerbate the downward trend of rangelands, also will result in the loss of capital. Therefore, by recognizing the effects of different management methods on ecosystem services, it is possible to change or modify rangeland management patterns. In the present study, we ranked rangeland management plans methods in Fars province using multi-criteria analysis in the context of rangeland ecosystem services.

One of the major causes that hinder consideration of the value of ecosystem services in computation and evaluation are the heterogeneity of the different types of value measurement units, the impossibility of quantifying all values and the problems associated with the integration of quantitative and qualitative data. Therefore, given the capabilities of multi-criteria analysis methods in analyzing heterogeneous data, these methods are suitable tools for overcoming this problem and for making more reasoned and informed decisions. In the present study, fuzzy hierarchical analysis (AHP) was used to determine the weight of criteria and indices. Then, using the results of the first step as input of the PROMETHEE software, the rangeland remediation options were ranked using the PROMETHEE II analysis.

According to the literature on the subject and discussion with rangeland and environmental experts, 12 indicators were defined for four categories of ecosystem services. After determining the criteria, weight of criteria and indices were calculated using hierarchical analysis method. Paired comparisons of ecosystem services criteria indicated that regulatory and support services with a weight of 0.734 are more important than production and cultural services. The results of paired comparisons of ecosystem cultural service indices showed that biodiversity criterion was much more important than landscape, recreation and ecotourism criteria. Paired comparisons of sub-criteria of ecosystem services indexes showed that grazing capacity and profitability of livestock products with the relative weight of 0.555 and 0.224 were the highest importance among ecosystem services indices, respectively. In addition, rangeland water resource capability index with significant weight of 0.475 is in the first place of impact on ecosystem regulation and support indexes and soil erosion prevention index with the weight of 0.352 is ranked second. The final weight of each index was obtained by multiplying the relative weight of the criteria by the relative weight of the indices. Among the ecosystem services indexes, water resources weight was 0.35 which was the highest weight. After water resources, the role of the ecosystem in preventing soil erosion is the most important indicator evaluated. The third most weighted indicator is biodiversity. After data entry into PROMETHEE software, the results showed that among the various pasture management options, enclosure was ranked first. Therefore, the enclosure plan provides the most ecosystem services. 11 indicators had a positive effect on enclosure priority and the only indicator that had a negative effect on enclosure priority was access to water resources. To validate the results, sensitivity analysis was performed in three different scenarios. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that due to water shortage crisis and high importance of this index in rangeland ecosystem services, priority of rangeland options is not sensitive to changes in other indices.

According to the results, the exclosure plan provides the highest ecosystem services in rangeland management and the least ecosystem services in medicinal plants. After exclosure, priority is with water projects includes springs refurbishment and pond construction. In order to better management of rangelands in Fars province and the necessity of ecosystem services consideration in rangeland plans, we can obtain valid evaluations by applying multi criteria methods.

Drought is one of the recurring phenomena in all parts of the world with high-rainfall and low-rainfall climates and it is consider as a natural disaster. Iran is also one of the countries which involved in this phenomenon in different places. Its characteristics, such as the severity, duration, and extent of the drought, are vary from place to place and its damages is depending on the country's planning. In this regard, the necessity of knowing the correct weather conditions and climatic characteristics of different regions have become clear to planners through environmental, economic, agricultural and industrial potentials and their optimal use, as well as predicting the occurrence of natural disasters such as floods and droughts. In this study, for evaluating and comparing drought and wetness events, the precipitation data for the period (1987- 2017), as well as the evaporation and transpiration data and the number of rainy days during a statistical period of 10 years (2008-2017) were obtained from 9 stations in Fars province. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used, and the Arc GIS software, the drought zoning, evaporation and transpiration maps, and the number of rainy days in the province were plotted. In the studied years, Fars province has faced a near-normal state for 24 years in and drought for 5 years and wetness for one year. The drought situation was studied and analyzed in Shiraz city in the continuation. According to the obtained results, the drought in Shiraz city is more severe than the other parts of the province and it will continue in the future. The SPI index has the highest correlation with the parameters of the number of rainy days with a rate of (0.46) and evaporation and transpiration with a rate of (0.26) in 2012 and 2008.

Drought is one of the most important natural disasters that due to the frequency of occurrence needs to be assessed and monitored, especially in the field of agriculture. In the present study, the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) was used to monitor drought and spatially assess its severity in central and southern regions of Fars province. The relationship between the severity and duration of drought during different years of the statistical period (1990-1991 to 2012-2013) was investigated. Kriging model was used in the geographic information system (GIS) environment for spatial evaluation. Based on the comparison between the different semivariogram of the kriging model, the most suitable model was selected. Based on the results of drought severity, its continuity and trend were determined during the statistical period. The results showed that severe droughts occurred in Darab and Neyriz stations during 2000-2002 and 2008-2010. In Fasa and Jahrom stations, in most of the years, climate fluctuations have led to drought with low to high intensities. At Larestan station, the results also showed several droughts have occurred, especially during the years 2000 to 2010. In spatial evaluation of drought using the Kriging model, the results showed that the best semivariogram is the spherical model. The evaluation of drought vulnerability in the studied areas also showed that the northern areas of Nayriz, Estahban, Fasa, Darab and Larestan have suffered more damage. Therefore, the use of drought indices, drought intensity monitoring and mapping methods are essential for better management and planning for advance planning and it is recommended for water resources management decisions.

Low water use efficiency, in addition to wasting scarce water resources, also increases water flow and environmental pollution. Analyzing the effect of increasing water use efficiency can be a useful tool for policy makers. This study aimed to analyze the effects of increasing irrigation efficiency among farmers in Fars province.

In this study, multi-objective planning approach was used.

Result showed that Impact of increased irrigation efficiency on cropping pattern and producer's objectives including gross margin and risk as well as its impact on environmental aspects including water and chemical fertilizer use was studied. Employment is also another objective. Regarding the multidimensional impacts, multi objective programming was applied.

Scenario analysis showed that increase in irrigation efficiency increases gross margin, chemical fertilizer use and diversity in cropping plan. However, it failed to incorporate in risk reduction. It was also found that increase in irrigation efficiency dose not increase employment. In general, the society will be benefited from improvement in irrigation efficiency if the increase of gross margin is considered as the main goal.

The aim of this research is to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) of local communities in Fars province for the protection of Caracal(Caracal caracal, Schreber, 1776), rare species. In this study, 198 local people in Fars province were near the Bakhtegan wildlife refuge and Bahram-e-Gur protect are as a one habitat of Caracal, chosen via the simple random sampling and interviews face to face. A questionnaire comprising items about the people’s demographics as well as their awareness and willingness to pay for protection of Caracal. Subsequently, analysis of gathering data was carried out with applying a Logit model under maximum likelihood procedure by using SPSS (version 21) and Eviews (8) Software. Result showed that, 57.6 percent of the local people had positive willingness to pay for protection of Caracal. The average payment of WTP for the monthly and annual protection value of Caracal was estimated 50747.93 RLs (1.66 $) and 608975.14 RLs (19.97 $) respectively. Furthermore, the result showed that the literacy level, membership in environmental organization, species recognize and bid have statistical significant effects on willingness to pay for Caracal rare species protection.

The wind as one of the manifestations of renewable energies is very important for tabernacle instead of fossil fuels. The Fars province, according to its topography and position is one of the best places to build wind power plant. In this research, different criteria and sub-criteria in the provinces of Fars for potential evaluating of the wind power plants construction were considered. Criteria fuzzy modeling has been down based on expert opinions and survey researches, the control points and fuzzy function type of each layers based on fuzzy membership ranging from zero to one was applied by IDRISI software. Then, in order to the importance of the integration information of, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for layers weighting was implemented by Expert choice software. So, the Arc GIS software were applied for spatial analysis and overlaying the layers. Fars province divided into four levels: excellent, good, fair and poor, in terms of capability for the wind power plants building. Finally, the results indicated that excellent areas for the construction of wind power plants in the study area are located in the north, south and south west of the study area at Eghlide and lamerd station with an area exceeding 893722/69 hectares. In addition, good areas are Lar, west firuz abad, mamsani, Abadeh, Eghlide and south Darab with an area exceeding 3662847/76 hectares. It is hoped that renewable energy of wind without any pollution could be utilized by the construction of wind power plants in these places.

Identifying indicator species facilitate predicting ecological characteristics of arid and semi-arid ecosystems and help managers to introduce appropriate plant species for rangeland restoration. This study focused on indicator species related to four different utilization methods including, exclosure, rangeland, abandoned area and agriculture area in rangelands of Mahoor Mamasani in Fars province. Vegetation and soil seed bank were sampled in 1 m2 quadrates systematically located on transects. Soils were sampled from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths. Then seed bank composition was identified after seed germination in glasshouse. In order to identify indicator species and examine changes in characteristics of vegetation and soil seed bank, we used indicator species analysis (ISA). The result on indicator species analysis showed that in exclosure there were 24 and 3 indicator species in vegetation and seed bank, respectively. These were 4 and 3 indicator species for rangeland area, 11 and 2 indicator species for abandoned area and 13 and 3 indicator species for agriculture area. As some vegetation and soil seed bank indices damaged under overgrazing and land use change it is recommended to make some changes in current rangeland management and utilization in order to restore vegetation.

The aim of this study is to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) of native residents in Fars province for the protection of Pleske’s Ground Jay(Podoces pleskei, Zarudny, 1896), as an Iranian endemic species. In this study, 100 people from Neyriz city in Fars province were near the Bahram-e-Gur protect are as a one habitat of Pleske’s Ground Jay, chosen via the simple random sampling and interviews face to face. A questionnaire comprising items about the people’s demographics as well as their awareness and willingness to pay for protection of Pleske’s Ground Jay. Subsequently, analysis of gathering data was carried out with applying a Logit model under maximum likelihood procedure by using SPSS (version 21) and Eviews (8) Software. Result showed that, 55 percent of the cases had positive willingness to pay for protection of Pleske’s Ground Jay endemic species. The average payment of WTP for the monthly and annual protection value of Pleske’s Ground Jay endemic species was estimated 28714.14 RLs (0.94 $) and 344569.74 RLs (11.3 $) respectively. Furthermore, the result showed that the age, literacy level, job, membership in environmental organization and bid have statistical significant effects on willingness to pay for Pleske’s Ground Jay endemic species protection.

Selection of habitat used by species that are on the edge of their distribution range is of particular importance in ecology. Fars province is Located in the southern range and distribution of brown bear in the Iran's and world. Khom Mountain area in the Arsanjan County is one of the important brown bear habitat in the Fars province. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting on habitat resources selection of local brown bear population in North margins of Bakhtegan National Park and compare the width of ecological niche with other populations in other Fars province habitats. Based on the concept of Grinnellian niche, we use 175 presence sign in 10 Arc GIS software was used to investigate the factors affecting the ecological spatial niche. Layers is used as the factors affecting the Species ecological niche that include slope, aspect, elevation and land use. Width of ecological niche space in the Khom mountain area using the Shannon-Wiener measure and benchmark Smith (FT) respectively 0.72 and 0.71 been achieved and for other habitat in Fars Province, respectively 0.79 and 0.8 Calculated. To determine significant differences between Khom Mountain area with other habitat resource selection in Fars province of t-test was used. Which showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.487). Although significant differences in environmental factors percent slope habitats was shown but the brown bear use of environmental resources across Fars province is almost identical.

Today, one of the most prominent health and environmental problems of cities is ascending trend of solid wastes. This must be managed and the institutionalization of phenomena such as recycling, composting, and so on from municipal solid waste must be taken into consideration. In Iran, there is no essential management in collection, disposal and recycling of over 40 thousand tons of the waste per day which approximately 70 percent of them can be recycled into compost with thousands of plastics, papers and cartons. Thus, the waste are buried in the excess trend or scattered around cities. Usually based on the weight and physical composition of municipal solid wastes, we can say that most components of municipal solid wastes after organic solid wastes and an important part of municipal and industrial solid wastes in most parts of the world are paper wastes. While amount of recyclable paper waste generated in Iran is considerable, but only a small part of that is recycled and the remaining is exerted as garbage. While, it is possible to recycle the most part of the paper waste for the production of paper with high quality. In the recent decades, with growing public awareness of the dangers of uncontrolled harvesting of hardwood resources, increasing prices of raw materials for paper production, decreasing the forest area in some major areas of wood production and resistance of organizations and environmentalists against the dameges, there are increasing demands towards the recycling of consumed paper in order to meet the needs for paper. There are various capacities in the converting machines for the paper recovery that provide the possibility for developing paper recovery centers in the regains with medium or large areas. With these qualities, investing in the creation of paper recovery units and consequently selecting appropriate locations for the deployment of these units is a critical step for municipal waste management system. Therefore, it is necessary to institutionalize using of decision support systems, in process of site selection for paper recovery units. The process to determine the suitability of land for locating paper recovery centers requires consideration of multiple criteria. That makes it necessary to use multi-criteria analysis models and techniques as inevitable choice. Thus, using multi-criteria models and techniques that are applied in conjunction with GIS capabilities can be considered as the outstanding aspects of decision support systems (DSS) in the decision process. Using decision rules, we can classify alternatives according to priority in the process of site selection. Accordingly, in this paper, there are intentions to test the operational capabilities of TOPSIS model as one of the leading techniques in multi-criteria decision making. This is applied in the experimental field of site selection for paper recovery centers in Fars Province. The data and tools used in this paper are maps and information that have been collected based on the need for the criteria and the constraints that are applied to determine the desirability of lands in locating paper recovery centers in Fars Province. In this study, softwares have been used to fit the needs in the phases of data entry, data storage, data management, data processing, data analysis, and etc. These softwares are including Excel 2007, Arc GIS 9.3, ARC View 3.3, Kilimanjaro IDRISI, and ILWIS 3.3. The main steps in the process of this study related to the research methodology are: 1. Providing criterion and constraint maps that are used in locating landfills which have led to defining of 10 criteria and 8 constraints. 2. Valuation and standardization of criterion maps: the process of valuation and standardization was performed based on value of membership in fuzzy set. Standardization was performed using the possibilities that exist in the FUZZY function of IDRISI Kilimanjaro software. 3. The method for weighting criterion maps: in this step, we have tried to determine criterion weights and criterion significance coefficient by using CRITIC method. 4. Operational use of multi-criteria decision rules: in this step, there is intention to test the operational capabilities of TOPSIS model as a prominent example of the multi-criteria analysis techniques in the experimental field of the site selection for paper recovery centers in Fars Province In this research, classified maps represent suitability of locations for paper recovery centers.The values are assigned by the accomplishment of operational procedures and guidelines that is obtained the process of using TOPSIS method (Fig. 1). In the obtained map as the scoreof each pixel approaches to 1, this is indicating favorable conditions for that pixel to be selected as a paper recovery center. Taking to consideration the constraints (Fig. 2), these pixels can be used proportionally to show the ability of that area for another landuse. Therefore, obtained maps can be used as guidance by the decision makers in selecting appropriate locations for paper recovery centers. For further documentation of the validity of land use suitability map that has been acquired in the process of using TOPSIS, we have tried to investigate on the characteristic of one sample pixel that is selected as preferable and is located on the area with no constraints, dealt with defined criteria. In this paper by considering Fars Province as a case study, capabilities and operational mechanisms of TOPSIS model has been tested in site selection of paper recovery centers. In this step, there was the goal to test the operational capabilities of TOPSIS model as a prominent example of the multi-criteria analysis techniques in the experimental field of the site selection for paper recovery centers in Fars Province. For further documentation of the validity of land use suitability map acquired in the process TOPSIS application, we have tried to investigate further on the conditions of one sample pixel that is selected as suitable pixel on the area with no constraints. Results of the investigation indicatethat the pixels that are selected as preferable pixels in the output map have the optimal conditions in terms of defined criteria. For example, this pixel that has been selected as a preferable pixel is labeled with scores more than 230 in 9 criteria and is located in the acceptable condition in terms of degree of membership in fuzzy function. Therefore, this model can be used as a Decision Support System (DSS) in the modeling spatial arrangement of paper recovery centers.

Water shortages is one of the main factors inhibiting economic and social development and agriculture in most developing countries, especially in countries located in arid and semi-arid belt of the world. The study tried to investigate the affecting factors on water resources exploitation with considering water utilization pattern and an emphasis on sustainable water use in Fars province. Due to scattering scattering and wide climate of Fars province, the investigation was done in Marvdasht, Darab, Fasa, Sarvestan and Eghlid districts. In the present study, using logit regression model, factors affecting the sustainability examined. Dependent variable of regression is calculated with the use of combined index by formula and fuzzy approaches. Independent variables include social, economical, physical and technical and management factors. Results showed that variables of number of household members, land utilization system, the level of farmers’ household income, water debi and transport irrigation facilities cost were significantly negative, positive, positive, negative and negative, respectively. The management index in two low and high sustainability exploiters was significant that indicates the important role of participating in extension classes in raising awareness and knowledge of farmers. Variable of distance between the water source and farm in regression models of exploiters with high and low sustainability showed different results. Variables related to summery crops and soil type in the model, were not significant. Variable coefficient of irrigation system type also showed that farmers with plot irrigation systems have less water wastage compared to farmers with ribbed irrigation systems.

The conversion of natural ecosystems into artificial or man-made ecosystems due to land use change can alter both ecosystem structure and function. The soil seed bank contains a source of viable and germinable seeds which can germinate under suitable environmental conditions. This can produce a new population or renew the present plant community. Information about the soil seed bank for Iranian flora is scarce and this study aimed to study the soil seed bank in rangeland which has been excluded from livestock grazing and the nearby area with a history of rangeland conversion into arable lands. We measured the seed bank in soils taken from two depths (0-5 and 5-10 cm) and how soil seed diversity and richness changes with land use changes. The results of this study showed that land use change significantly influenced soil seed bank diversity, species richness indices and functional group. The exclosure area showed the highest species richness, diversity and functional group while these indices significantly declined as rangeland became converted into arable lands. However, the abandoned area did not show significant differences from other two sites. Moreover, some functional groups such as annuals, therophytes, Gramineae and forb significantly reduced from the exclosure to the dryland area. This may show that abandoned areas have a potential according to their diversity and richness for returning into rangelands.

During 2010-2011, a faunistic survey of mites family Phytoseiidae in Marvdasht and Shiraz region (Fars province) was conducted after different samples were taken from soil, trees, crops and weeds. In this study 8 species from 4 genera belonging to subfamilies were identified. Among the identified species, 5 species are recorded for the first time from Fars province(*). Some determined specimens are listed as: Subfamily Amblyseiinae (Muma, 1961): Neoseiulus barkeri* (Hughes, 1948); Neoseiulus marginatus* (Wainstein, 1961); Neoseiulus zwoelferi* (Doss, 1957); Proprioseiopsis messor (Wainstein, 1960); Neoseiulus sugonjaevi* (Wainstein & Abbasova, 1974); Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) and Subfamily Typhlodrominae: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) khosrovensis * (Arutunjan, 1971) and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani (Wainstein & Arutunjan, 1967).

Life quality of all people in society has been the ultimate aim of development programs, thus, the present research deals with the spatial analysis and evaluation of inductor of development in township of Fars provinces. The quantitative- analytical method has been used in this research. The statistical society of the research included 24 township of Fars provinces in 1385 and 43inductor were under investigation. The result of using factor analysis technique has been the decrease of 43 variables to 6 final factor, this 6 factors explain and interprere 73.060 percent of variance. Due to a combination of indicators that factor scores obtained level scheme of Fars province has embarked on five levels, respectively, which include: Very Developed level: township of Shiraz; Developed level: Khrmbyd, Abadeh and Arsanjan; Partly developed level: Sepidan, Lamerd, Mamasani, Eghlid and Bavanat; Less developed level: Khonj, Lar, Jahrom and Estahban; Deprived level: Neyriz, Firouzabad, Kazeroun, Mehr, darab, Pasargadae, Fasa, Marvdasht, Ghir and karzyn, Frashbnd and zarin dasht. The results show that graded status indicators examined in the survey counties Persian has had inequality and imbalance. And consequently the city of Shiraz because of its excellence in the province of political centralism in the different dimensions of economic, social, cultural, etc. Consequently the result of using cluster analysis technique has been the grouping of township in Fars province into 5 homogeneous groups. Finally, the development level of each the cities for the planning, Strategies of development indicators are presented.

Spreading flood in GarehBygan-Fasa district has resulted significant improvement in ground water resources of the district. So, yearly water providing capacity of the district has increased from 4.08 to over 14.03 million m3. However, more than 26.9 million m3 is exploited now that is beyond of the capacity of the district’s water resources. The main objective of this study is the environmental evaluation of the Gareh Bygan project. Environmental value of the project is considered equal to the value of the water provided by the project. Water evaluation was also done in two parts, the over drawn water that is beyond the project capacity and the water that has been available after performing the project within the project capacity. Value of the overdrawn was estimated in two approaches. First the gross margin obtained from the over drown water and based on residual method was attributed to water and second demand for water was estimated. Based on the first approach, price of each m3 overdrawn water was estimated 460 Rials. The corresponding figure obtained from demand approach, was 399.6 Rials, while the price of water within the project capacity was estimated more than 2770 Rials. Based on the residual method total benefits obtained from over drown and within project capacity water was evaluated 5.93 and 27.57 billion Rials, respectively. It was also found that water price is highly dependent on the applied amount of water.