جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "انرژی خورشیدی" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

Today, one of the global challenges is climate change caused by fossil fuels, which needs to be reduced by using renewable energies. In this regard, solar energy has been considered by many countries of the world due to its availability and high annual capacity, and researchers have also turned to use strategies to benefit from it in reducing energy consumption, including in buildings. These strategies can be considered an efficient strategy in the process of sustainable development, especially in rural areas. In addition to solar energy, tourism can significantly accelerate sustainable development in rural areas. Utilizing renewable energy within the tourism industry not only mitigates the sector’s environmental impact but also reduces operational costs for eco-tourism accommodations. This approach fosters the expansion of rural tourism while catalyzing sustainable development.  Today, one of the global challenges is climate change caused by fossil fuels, which needs to be reduced by using renewable energies. In this regard, solar energy has received attention in many countries of the world, due to its availability and high renewable capacity. Researchers have also focused on using strategies to apply it for reducing energy consumption, including in buildings. This study aims to define practical strategies for eco-lodges, as an effective source of tourism and one of the main bases of sustainable development in rural areas. Reducing the costs of energy consumption, these strategies increase the economic justification of building eco-lodges and expand rural tourism, and consequently, provide new opportunities such as employment, reducing migration in these areas.

This paper is an applied research in terms of purpose and concerning the subject nature is "descriptive-analytical development". The area studied in this research is Dehsalam village in Nehbandan, east of Iran. In addition to describing the types of solar devices and their importance in xerothermic climates, this study has discussed the effective role of eco-lodge in the development of tourism in this climate and described the region's characteristics. Afterwards, it analyzed the climatic conditions of this region, using the software "Climate Consultant", and provided strategies to apply passive solar energy for the region and in general for regions with xerothermic climates.

With the current trend of energy consumption and population growth, extraction from finite resources is continuously increasing. Considering the environmental debates surrounding the use of these resources and their pollution, moving towards renewable resources is considered essential. Among all the renewable sources, the use of solar energy has a suitable acceptance among different countries With the knowledge of the effective role of rural tourism in development in the light of providing energy needs if using the method presented in this research and providing conditions for sustainable development, especially in villages and deprived areas, reducing the operating costs of ecotourism residences by using systems Passive solar (static) to provide temperature comfort, reduce fossil fuel consumption, prevent air pollution, Destruction of the environment and its protection will lead to the prevention of climate change on a large scale if these strategies are developed and expanded.

According to the results of this research, it was possible to provide strategies for the use of passive solar energy in reducing the consumption of fossil fuels in eco-lodges in a xerothermic climate. This will be a step towards limiting the contribution of the tourism industry to environmental problems, helping to reduce the costs of eco-lodges, creating economic attractiveness of this business, and facilitating the growth and expansion of rural tourism in xerothermic climate, as a driver for the sustainable development of these areas.

Solar energy is the most important source of renewable energy, in other words, the main source of energy on Earth. Therefore, estimating the solar radiation parameter with high accuracy is very important. In this regard, in the present study, meteorological data of 3 meteorological stations of Ardabil province, including Meshginshahr, Germi, and Nir for a period of 2 years (2017-2018) on a daily scale were used. Then, the intensity of daily solar radiation in each of the mentioned stations was estimated using random forest and random forest methods-genetic algorithm. The meteorological variables used included minimum, maximum and average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, which in eight different combinations were considered as input data in the model calculations. The obtained results were compared with each other using statistical parameters and the best models were selected. By comparing the results, the models of Nir, Meshginshahr, and Germi stations were ranked from highest to lowest modeling accuracy, respectively; So that the GA-RF-V model in Nir station with the root mean square error of 0.346 MJ/m2d and Kling-Gupta efficiency of 0.687 with the least error was introduced as the best model in this study. Also, the results showed that the genetic algorithm has helped to increase the accuracy of all utilized models.

The presence of dust in the sky of Iran causes dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic panels and greatly affects the efficiency of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dust, sand and temperature on the efficiency of photovoltaic panels.

Two similar panels were placed outdoors for 1 days to investigate the impact of dust. One of the panels is equipped with a cleaning system, but the other panel is without a cleaner. In the temperature setting, the control panel was equipped with a cooling system but the experimental panel was set without a cooling system. For investigation the effect of dust and sand, four similar panels were used, the control panel was in the clean condition, but the experimental panels were covered with dust and sand.

The results of this study indicate that dust deposition on the panel surface after 13 hour caused a decrease of 4% in voltage, 21% in current, 24% in power and an  increase of 4% in the temperature of the contaminated panel compared to the clean panel. The panel with the higher temperature has a reduction of 3% in voltage, 25% in current and 29% in power in comparison with the lower temperature panel. In addition, the voltage and current of the sandblasted panel decreased more than the voltage and current of the panel contaminated with dust.

According to the results of this study, dust deposition on the panel surface and increasing the panel temperature decrease the photovoltaic panel efficiency. Dust also has more impact on the photovoltaic panel than sand.

Today energy crisis and inherent environmental pollution caused by increasing consumption of non-renewable resources are one of the most major concerns of many countries including Iran and using of them is one of the most important factors to Earth demolition and climatic changes. Thus, numerous developed and enlarged countries try to extend the application and use of renewable energy resources. In this regard, the solar energy is one of the most important renewable and sustainable energy sources in the world and it mainly can be enumerated as the second largest energy sources in Iran after wind energy. This energy can be exploited in several methods such as flat collectors as one of the simplest and most usable systems that can be used in the buildings and solar chimney power plant. Due to daily and seasonal variations of the sun radiation, the optimal tilt estimation of collectors with maximum efficiency is very important.

This paper is based on a mathematical pattern and climatic data and the optimized tilt of flat collectors in city of Kerman is investigated. Then, by comparing and analyzing results of charts and tables, optimized tilt of flat collector at each month, season and annual are extracted and contrasted. Additionally, the percent of received radiation of each angle of plates in comparison to the optimized Angele are discussed.

In the conclusion section, the optimal angle tilt of collector over the year including spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons besides the optimal angle building heating systems and outdoor swimming pools heating systems are also presented. Finally, efficiency of vertical and horizontal collectors has been investigated with respect to maximizing the efficiency of optimal tilt of collector over the year.

Utilizing renewable energies is one of the most effective ways to deal with environmental pollution resulting from fossil fuel power plants. Renewable energy sources are considered as clean energy sources, but some of these power plants may change the ecosystem of the region and disturb the ecological balance. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the environmental impacts of renewable energy (solar-wind) in Salafchegan- Zwaryan Special Economic Zone using the Iranian matrix and rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM).

In this research, basic information of the area was collected and factors affecting the development of solar and wind power plants were studied based on the internet search and field observation. According to these studies, the potential environmental impacts of the implementation of renewable power projects on the physical, biological and social, economic and cultural environments were determined. These impacts were separately predicted in construction and operation phases using the Iranian matrix method and the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM). The Iranian matrix and RIAM, considering the effects of project implementation in both the construction and operation phases on the environmental components, are applied methods for environmental impact assessment in Iran.

The results from the Iranian Leopold and RIAM indicated that in the renewable power plant construction and operation phases, the most important positive consequence in the physical environment was related to surface water quantity and the economic, social and cultural environment associated with employment  and salary. The most important negative consequences in the physical environment were related to the weather and sound quality in the biological environment related to wildlife coverage and in the social- economical-cultural environment related to perspectives and antiquities. Also, the most negative impact was related to waste and effluents, wastes disposal, risks, and hazards. Also, the most positive impact was energy supply and consumption, green space, land earning, and human resources. It should be noted that the construction phase of such projects was short and would be considered as a long-term investment for future uses.

According to the results of both matrices, the construction of solar and wind power plants, regarding the least negative consequences on the various components of the environment, was chosen as the most favorable management option, and without providing a solution, the project performance was confirmed.

Increasing air pollution and global warming due to the excessive use of fossil fuels attracted public attention to climate change. Accordingly, the expected increase in demand for other alternative energy sources especialy renewable energy is predictable. While some research on renewable energy shows that these kind of energy also have undesirable environmental effects. In this study solar energy systems, wind power and hydroelectric power systems wew investigated and their effects on air, soil, sound and effect on wildlife were studied. The results show that although these kind of energy are called clean energy, they have negative environmental effects. This research also suggests ways to prevent the effects of destructive renewable energy sources.

The erroneous move towards the modern lifestyles has led to uncontrolled population growth, urbanization, disorderly expansion of cities to natural habitats and ecosystems, destruction of traditional rural communities and farm lands, indiscriminate utilization and destruction of natural resources, growth of air pollution and environment in large cities. On the other hand, the problems of environmental pollutions and exhaustion of energy resources have long been considered as one of the main issues of societies and the utilization of clean and natural solar energy has been introduced as a substantial approach to resolve this issue. Today, one of the important aspects of sustainable development is environmental considerations of which the appropriate use of energy sources is a significant part. It is clear that offering energy consumption patterns and higher utilization of renewable resources can be useful in this regard. As defined, sustainable development of energy includes policies, selection and exploitation of technologies which supply the energy needed for all demands while they contain the minimum expenses in terms of price, environmental and social impacts. Today, the role of energy in world economy indicates the significance of the energy issue more than ever before. In this regard, development and expansion of theories and uses of energy leads to the attainment of new methods for adjusting the issues of energy and environment. The amount of solar energy intake at one point on the earth’s surface depends on various factors including: latitude, longitude, the sundial, humidity, evaporation, air temperature, angle of the sun, and other factors. The amount of solar radiation received by the top of the atmosphere is a function of latitude. After reaching the earth’s atmosphere, some of these solar radiations would be destroyed due to the atmospheric diffusion and absorption phenomena and this amount would increase when the sky is cloudy or when there are more particles in the air. Knowing the amount of solar radiation in each area has a great significance for many practical issues such as evaporation, transpiration, architectural design, agricultural crop growth models, etc. However, despite the importance of measuring these parameters, due to economical problems, the right tools and equipment for measuring radiation are not available in all regions, as is the case with other meteorological parameters such as temperature and rain and it has to be somehow estimated. Consequently, the need for the researchers’ inclination to utilizing radiation models has increased. This study is an endeavor to model and calculate the amount of solar energy intake in Isfahan Province by using the new research approaches based on the r.sun model. Isfahan province is located between latitudes 30° 43´ to 34° 27´ North and longitudes 49° 36´ to 55° 31´ East and covers an area of 107017 square kilometers, equivalent to 0.5% of the total Iran country territory by having 23 cities, 106 towns and 126 villages. Because of the number of major industrial workshop and industries and industrial estates, Esfahan is one of the most important industrial centers in Iran. All factors above have caused high consumption for electricity power in this province. This province is one of the arid and semi-arid regions of the country generally in term of climate. In this study, the GRASS geographic information system, or GIS was applied for modeling solar radiation, taking into consideration the diversity of different modeling algorithms. To this end, the r.sun rule as one of the location models of solar energy was used and analyzed. R.sun computes beam (direct), diffuse and ground reflected solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. Solar parameters (e.g. time of sunrise and sunset, declination, extraterrestrial irradiance, daylight length) are stored in the resultant map's history files. Alternatively, the local time can be specified to compute solar incidence angle and/or irradiance raster maps. The shadowing effect of the topography is optionally incorporated. This can be done either by calculating the shadowing effect directly from the digital elevation model or using rasters of the horizon height which is much faster. The solar geometry of the model is based on the works of Krcho, later improved by Jenco. The equations describing Sun – Earth position as well as an interaction of the solar radiation with atmosphere were originally based on the formulas suggested by Kitler and Mikler. This component was considerably updated by the results and suggestions of the working group co-ordinated by Scharmer and Greif (this algorithm might be replaced by SOLPOS algorithm-library included in GRASS within r.sunmask command). The model computes all three components of global radiation (beam, diffuse and reflected) for the clear sky conditions, i.e. not taking into consideration the spatial and temporal variation of clouds. The extent and spatial resolution of the modelled area, as well as integration over time, are limited only by the memory and data storage resources. The model is built to fulfil user needs in various fields of science (hydrology, climatology, ecology and environmental sciences, photovoltaic, engineering, etc.) for continental, regional up to the landscape scales. As an option the model considers a shadowing effect of the local topography. The r.sun program works in two modes. In the first mode it calculates for the set local time a solar incidence angle [degrees] and solar irradiance values [W.m-2]. In the second mode daily sums of solar radiation [Wh.m-2.day-1] are computed within a set day. By a scripting the two modes can be used separately or in a combination to provide estimates for any desired time interval. The model accounts for sky obstruction by local relief features. Several solar parameters are saved in the resultant map's history files, which may be viewed with the r.info command. Discussion and According to the outcomes, northern and north-eastern parts of the province and the southern parts as well, contain the most sundials; the north-eastern parts also have the least sundials. Maximum hour of receiving sunshine in the province is 3392 hours and the least is 2918 hours (Fig 1). The analyses obtained from modeling also confirm the high potential of the region in receiving solar energy. Isfahan province naturally possesses a great potential and good share in receiving solar energy since it is mainly situated in the angle between 46 and 67 degrees (Fig 2). The highest reflection irradiance of Isfahan province is assessed as 1194 and the lowest is 40 watts per square meter (Fig 3). Most of Isfahan’s zones have the average level and receive an amount between 600 and 1000 watts per square meter. The important point in this research is that highlands, i.e. mountain peaks have the most irradiance. Namely, 90 degree angles receive the irradiance higher than 1000 watts per square meter. Generally speaking, the region’s condition in terms of receiving solar energy can be assessed as adequate. Based on the results, the number of sunshine hours is with a gentle slope that represents the damping of the area sundial. The area is in a balanced state in term of mean radiation. Irradiance reflection map from the surface shows that observed fluctuations are variant due to topographic lines and area altitude; and the higher the altitude the more slope with a larger number. Moreover, radiance angle has constant changes that are directly associated with total solar irradiance changes. Generally, the area situation can be assessed as suitable for investments and the utilization of energy in terms of most solar energy parameters and its received energy. Solar energy is an essential parameter in various models related to energy in industries, landscaping, vegetation, evaporation and transpiration, snowmelt, and or remote sensing. Maps of solar radiation angles can be useful in correcting radiometric and topography of mountainous and hilly regions. Moreover, the outcomes of this study can be cited as one of the most significant criteria of the region’s potential to organize and plan the utilization of solar energy. All in all, the innate potential of the region has made Isfahan province capable of developing solar power plants and establishing solar panels in order to exploit solar energy. In addition, to improve the researches in this field, we propose further study on energy zoning and locating potential zones for establishing solar power plants in the province, such that we can see the sustainable development of energy in the region and utilization of clean and renewable solar energies.