جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شاخص های سیمای سرزمین" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

In ecological systems, biotic and abiotic (physical and chemical) components interact with each other. It is a challenge to understand and measure these systems and their internal and external nteractions. However, to manage the ecosystems sustainably, using the integrity principle, we require information on the status and trends of ecosystems as a whole. An ecosystem has integrity when its ecological characteristics and processes occur within their natural ranges of variation, and also it can withstand perturbations and changes caused by natural environmental or human factors. In this situation, the ecosystem will not be disorganized and the process of self-regulation will continue. Useful indicators for ecological integrity assessment must be comprehensive, representative of composition, structure and function of ecosystems. The goals of this research were to explain the theoretical concept of ecological integrity and review integrity indicators as a tool for environmental planning. As such, integrity indicators were assessed in terms of comprehensiveness. The results showed that the species and ecosystem indices are more focused on the internal state of the ecosystem, while those of landscape concerned with the internal state as well as perturbations caused by human activity and natural disturbance.

This paper presents one way that landscape visual character can be captured using indicators derived from nine theory-based concepts related to landscape perception. The paper aims to establish links between landscape aesthetic theory and visual indicators, thus exploring what landscape indicators are really indicating. The steps from abstract visual concepts to measurable visual indicators are described, and links are made to theories of landscape preferences and perception. The focus of the paper is on the application of indicators, including a presentation of the possible data sources of the presented indicators. The paper includes a discussion on the selection of appropriate landscape indicators through a suggested filtering process. The ‘filtering’ will identify a suitable set of visual indicators for application within a specific project or landscape context. The relationships between the concepts and the ability of visual indicators to capture changes in landscape character and other issues related to interpretation are discussed