جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "kurdistan province" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

Today, dust phenomenon is one of the dangerous phenomena in most countries of the world that, hot and dry country like Iran and even its western provinces in Kurdistan are witness to this phenomenon. For this purpose, dust data from ten synoptic stations used in a period of 20 years (2001 to 2021 AD) to investigate the risk of dust in this province. Using the factor analysis method, the months with the highest number of dusty days identified. Then, the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) obtained from the MODIS sensor and Terra satellite analyzed using the Google Earth Engine satellite image processing system. Finally, after validating the index with days with dust, the trend of this index investigated by the Mann-Kendall test method, and maps of temporal and spatial distribution of dust were drawn. The results indicate that the distribution of dusty days in this province affected by eight main factors, the first and second factors are explained respectively; 68 and 13.45 percent of the variance of the number of dusty days in the province. In addition, the months of April to September have the highest dust concentration that in the eastern half of this province; Saqez, Diwandara, Bijar, Qorveh, Dehgolan stations have a positive and increasing trend, and in the western half of the province, Marivan, Bane, Kamiyaran, Sarovabad and especially Sanandaj stations have a decreasing and negative dust trend. In addition, the results showed that, in recent years, larger area of the province has faced an increasing trend in the concentration of aerosols and especially dust. Moreover, the summer season has the highest density and concentration of aerosol conditioners, especially in the months of July and August in this province, and after that, the spring season ranks second. The increase for dust in these two seasons can be due to the establishment of Azores high pressure and the dryness of the air due to low surface humidity in Iran and neighboring countries. Therefore, the results of this research can help urban planners and community health custodians to build culture and improve the education of citizens in dealing with the dust phenomenon, improving environmental conditions, identifying the most suitable travel time and starting tourism activities in Kurdistan province.

In order to plan and recognize the destructive condition of the watershed, it is indispensable to know the extent of erosion and sedimentation produced from each basin. In this study, the soil erosion and sediment estimation of the Khorkhoreh basin using Sediment Rating Curves were investigated. By integrating geological and geomorphological layers in GIS and removing polygons under 6 ha, 24 working units and 68 sub-basins were attained. To identify the erosion type through field visits, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) scoring was carried out in each work unit. Using the sediment curve, the amount of total suspended load in the basin was obtained as 2990 ton/yr. With the calculations performed, the amount of specific sediment yield in the Khorkhoreh basin was found to be 25.3 ton/km2. All types of erosion were seen in the portions of the basin, while most of the basin area belongs to the “sensitive” and “very sensitive” to erosion classes. Examination of erosion types showed that in most of the basin’s working units, all types of erosion such as Sheet erosion, Rill erosion, Gully erosion, Channel erosion, and Stream Bank erosion can be observed.

In this study, quantitative changes in groundwater in Bijar-Divandere plain with MODFLOW code in GMS software were investigated. Aquifer simulation was performed for a period of six years and a monthly step from October 2010 to June 2016. The SPI annual drought index was calculated for the statistical period of 1987-2015. The results of groundwater simulation showed that during the annual simulation period, there was a decrease of about 0.5 m water level in the aquifer, the intensity of which varied in different areas. Therefore, due to the decrease and taking into account the area and the average amount of storage capacity of the aquifer, the volume of the aquifer has been reduced by about 1.3 MCM per year. The results showed that if the current management process continues, over the next few years we will see a sharp decline in the aquifer and irreparable damage. The results of SPI index also indicated that the drought situation was close to normal, which means that drought has a much lesser effect on the groundwater level of the aquifer in different years.

The Neuroptera is one of the most important orders of insects, including green and brown lacewing, ant lions, and several other families. The members of this order play a significant role in the natural control of the harmful arthropods of rangeland, crop, and horticultural products. Since there is little information about the fauna of this order in Iran and especially in Kurdistan province, an attempt has been made to study a part of the province's Neuroptera. Investigations were carried out to collect and identify species of this order using light trap and hand net in 2012. Samples after the collecting, transferred to the laboratory, and the labels related to them were attached. Species were identified by using valid sources. In this study, 19 species of the four families of Ascalaphidae, Chrysopidae, Myrmeleontidae, and Nemopteridae were studied. All species are reported for the first time in the province. Also, morphological characteristics and photos are provided for the studied regions.

Wind energy is an important energy source on earth that can be converted to electricity. The wind energy compared to fossil fuels is widely used because of its availability, stability, reducing air pollution and for economic reasons. The aim of this study is to analysize wind energy potential using the Wiebull distribution and the data recorded in synoptic and climatologically stations. The Windographer software is used for calculations.
In this study, hourly wind speed and direction data for 2005 to 2007 in 7 stations (6 synoptic and 1 climatology stations) were investigated and Wiebull distribution function fitted to data. Then, corresponding plots including wind rose, wind speed, and wind power curve were provided, and finally wind energy density was estimated. Moreover, the zoning map of wind potential density (WPD) for the study area was drawn.
Wind power density was 745 watts per square meter at Hzarkanian station on 50meters height from ground surface, which has been placed in category 6 of American Atlas Table for wind energy. Such region is considered to be windy and wind park. Bijar station in the east of Kurdistan and Zarineh station in the north of Kurdistan, with 301 and 200 watt per square meters wind power density, respectively, ranked in the next place. Other stations had low mean wind speed and power energy lower than 200 watt per square meters. Based on international standards, such places are considered as regions with low wind and inappropriate for installation of wind turbines to extract electricity.

The most important contamination of flour and wheat silos, are pests that damage them both quantitatively and qualitatively. Wheat stored in ticks infected with increasing heat and humidity is reduced wheat quality. In this study, a faunistic survey of flour and wheat mites during 2015 from different cities of Kurdistan province was conducted. During this study, 11 species of Trombidiformes, Sarcoptiformes and Mesostigmata belonging to nine families and 6 genera, were identified. All of them are new records for Kurdistan Province mite fauna. Among them, Erythraeussouthcotti(Goldarazena and Zhang, 1998) considered to be new records for mite fauna of Iran. The most abundant predator and pest mites were Cheyletus malaccensis (Oudemans) (Cheyletidae) and Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) (Acaridae), respectively. The list of identified species is as follows:
Acaridae
Acarus siro Linnaeus, 1758
Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin, 1868)
Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank, 1781
Cheyletidae
Acaropsis sollers (Kuzin, 1940)
Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans, 1903
Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank, 1781)
Blattisociidae
Blattisocius keegani Fox, 1947
Dermanyssidae
Liponyssoides sanguineus (Hirst, 1914)
Laelapidae
Pneumolaelaps lubrica (Voigts & Oudemans, 1904)
Erythraeidae
ErythraeusshojaiiSaboori and Babolmorad, 2000
ErythraeussouthcottiGoldarazena and Zhang, 1998

The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to investigate the vegetation transitions in species diversity in the years following destruction.
The natural rangelands (key area) and the converted adjacent lands into drylands (critical area) were selected for sampling by using random-systematic plan in Dehgolan of Kurdistan Province. Three transects along a slope with 100 m length for each and 50 m distance between them were set at two herbal mentioned areas. Based on minimal area method, five quadrats of one square meter area were set along each transect. The species list with their self-relative frequency was registered in quadrats. The species evenness based on four numerical indices including Simpson's evenness, Camargo, Smith-Wilson and Modified Nee, the species richness according to two indices including Jackknife estimate and Rarefraction method and the species diversity by four indices including Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin, McIntosh and Simpson were analyzed and compared together.
26 herbal species at the natural rangeland and 18 species at the land converted into dryland were gathered. The results obtained from data analysis showed that species diversity and richnessof plants have had degradation and species evenness has dad enhancement at the land converted into dryland. However, statistical T-Test did not show a significant difference between the two mentioned fields. Generally, it was concluded that rangeland changing into dryland reduced the species diversity of range plants and its statistical non-significance was of multiple reasons.