جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "morphology" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

This study aimed to reveal the topographic location, its measurements, and microscopic and macroscopic structures of Golden Jackal’s Lyssa by using macro anatomical and histological methods. For this study, the tongues of three dead Golden jackals were first dissected to expose the lyssa. Then, lyssa were photographed macro anatomically, and measurements were made with the FIJI® program on the photographs. Additionally, for histological examination, the samples obtained from the lyssa were stained with Masson's Trichrome stain after undergoing histological procedures. In the topographic and macroscopic examination, Lyssa was located on the ventral surface of the tongue between the lingual frenulum and the apex linguae; its front half was visible just under the mucosa, and its shape was fusiform. In the histological examination, the lyssa was surrounded by a thick external connective tissue capsule from the outside, the fat tissue mass formed the ventral part of the structure within the capsule, and the muscle tissue mass formed the dorsal part, there was a thin internal connective tissue capsule separating these two tissues from each other. As a result, it was determined that the location and histological structure of Lyssa in the Golden Jackal were similar to its localization and histological structure in camels, dogs, and cats. Still, its shape was different from those of these animals. In addition, histologically, the external connective tissue capsule has branches extending into both the muscle and fat tissue mass, and the thin internal connective tissue capsule separates these two tissues.

Kraepelinia Vachon, 1974 is a monotypic buthid scorpion genus, with its populations distributed in Iran and Turkmenistan. A recent series of specimens were collected from the Sistan region, southeast Iran, during 2019-2023 and used for morphological and molecular studies. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was sequenced for molecular research. Kraepelinia palpator was re-described based on the new specimens. Based on phylogenetic analysis, K. palpator was placed sister to Mesobuthus Vachon, 1950. Phylogenetic trees and genetic distances confirmed the Monophyly of all studied genera of Buthidae in this study. This study found the highest genetic distance (0.155) between K. palpator and Androctonus sp., and the lowest (0.102) was with Mesobuthus rakhshanii. Kraepelinia runs as the most similar taxon to Mesobuthus based on morphological characters. This genus's most important morphological characteristics are the placement of eb trichobothria on the manus and having teeth on the ventral surface of the third metasomal segment. The members of this species are distributed in the lowlands areas.

Ficus spp. belongs to the Moraceae family and is primarily found in tropical lowland rainforests. They exhibit various growth types including hemi-epiphytes, climbers, shrubs, and trees. The Ficus genus plays a vital role as a keystone species as it significantly impacts its microhabitat and serves as the primary food supply for frugivores throughout the year. Arunachal Pradesh, a state in Northeast India, located in the Eastern Himalayas, comprises a diverse range of forests, including deciduous, evergreen, pine, temperate, alpine, and grassland enriched with a variety of flora and fauna. The current study was conducted in Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, to determine the Ficus diversity and associated frugivores. The survey was done using 20m X 20m quadrats (41 nos.), which were randomly placed within the sanctuary. Ficus-dependent frugivore diversity was examined in their fruiting season using either focal or scan animal sampling techniques by direct sighting. A total of 21 Ficus species comprising 482 individuals were recorded, with the highest distribution in the Tipi Range and the lowest in the Pakke Kessang Range. Four habits of Ficus species, large trees, small trees, shrubs and climbers, were documented. There are five sub-genera of Ficus that have been recorded. Ficus semicordata is the most abundant species, while F. religiosa is the least abundant. The frequency percentage of F. benghalensis (46.34%) is the highest, and F. religiosa (2.44%) is the least, while the density of F. auriculata (146.34 ha-1) is the highest, and F. religiosa (2.44 ha-1) has the lowest. The highest level of similarity among Ficus species is observed between the Tipi and Seijosa Range. The figs of Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary are associated with 54 frugivore species out of them 43 avian and 11 mammalian species.

Nowadays, the demand for organic products is increasing. Breeding of naturally colored cotton allows for saving the high costs of dyeing the fiber and obtaining a natural product that is harmless to the human body. Natural colored fiber has air permeable, antiseptic and hydrophobic properties. However, the use of natural colored cotton in the textile industry is limited due to its low fiber quality. Solving this problem requires interdisciplinary research on colored cotton. In the article, morphological traits of natural brown and green cotton cultivars of G.hirsutum L. cotton - duration of vegetation period, plant height, leaf shape, color and hairiness of the main stem, boll shape, type of sympodial branching and fiber color also, agronomic traits – a boll weight, fiber yield and index, fiber length, weight of 1000 seeds were determined and analysis results were presented. The obtained results showed that the brown cotton samples are medium-ripening, the green cotton cultivars are late-ripening, and the plant height of the green cotton cultivars is higher compared to the brown cotton cultivars. Fiber length was longer in the cultivars cone-oval shape of boll than in cultivars with round shape. Fiber length was higher in green fiber cultivars A-800 and 010764 than dark brown fiber cultivars 011250 and 010108. In contrast, brown fiber cultivars had higher indicators than green fiber cultivars in terms of fiber yield, index and boll weight. Green cotton cultivar 011460 with low fiber yield had the highest index of 1000 seeds weight. In terms of cotton yield, dark brown fiber cultivar 011250 (97.4±2.0g) showed a higher index compared to other cultivars. This shows that cultivar 011250 can be used as a raw material to increase the yield of colored cotton.

Cryptic species are unique species that are genetically divergent, although formerly nominated as a single species because of their morphological indistinguishability. In the last 20 years, it has been widely documented as a cryptic species in scientific articles and has nearly consistently dispersed across all taxa and ecological niches. Unfortunately, the inconsistency of cryptic species' descriptions and taxonomic classification makes it difficult to quantify and understand their coevolutionary relevance and ecological questions. We aim to review the cryptic rodent species, discuss the mechanisms to describe them, the reasons how diversified, and assess their challenges for conservation. From a limited review of the literature, we found significant numbers of cryptic putative rodent species on the African continent. Methodological error, evolution processes, mutation, speciation, morphological homology, and convergence might be associated with cryptic species. Our regression analysis shows that cryptic species are distributed almost evenly across almost all rodent families in almost all countries. The scatterplot analysis indicates cryptic diversity has a linear scale associated with the number of publications and time. Our result shows articles emphasized the importance of molecular, morphological, cytogenetic, and ecological niche approaches in understanding crypticity. An integrated approach is more appropriate to recognize and decode the notions of cryptic nature, notably for divers’ small mammals, rather than using single methods. Understanding cryptic species is crucial for exact biodiversity estimation and conservation, including endemic and endangered species.

Globally, increasing water and energy demand is expected to reach 6.9 trillion cubic meters by 2030, exceeding 40% of the available water supplies. Climate change and rising temperatures caused water deficit due to lesser and irregular rainfalls, leading to lower production of crops. The research to assess drought tolerance of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes in Uzbekistan revealed the cultivar, Ishonch as the most promising for drought environments. The research, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications with a factorial arrangement and two irrigation regimes (non-stress and water stress at the seedling stage), was conducted at the experimental field of the Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, District Kibray, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan. Ten Mungbean cultivars, i.e Durdona, Barqaror, Marjon, Andijon-1, Zilola, Ishonch, Baraka, L-59, L-88 and L-92 with diverse agronomic characteristics, were selected for their potential yield during 2022 and 2023 cropping seasons under two different environments (optimal and water deficit condition). In the Uzbekistan region, yield index, yield stability index, stress intensity, stress susceptibility percentage index, stress susceptibility index, stress tolerance index, drought intensity index, tolerance index, geometric mean productivity, relative drought index, mean relative performance, harmonic mean, mean productivity and sensitivity drought indices and their cluster analysis results were determined. The mungbean Durdona and T-59 genotypes were found to be prone to water deficit conditions. The Ishonch, Barqaror ва L-92 genotypes were found to be a positive donor in the selection for drought.

The present study aimed to morphological identification of four species of pests that infect stored grains in Misan province in south Iraq during the period from January 2021 to December 2022.Samples of infecting grains included chickpeas, white and red beans, Indianandamber and American rice, bulgur, sesame, rice flour, flour, dried and canned dates, as well as samples of corn were collected from different regions,including the homes and local and central markets and general company for grain trade Misan branch.The resultsshow thatfour species belonging to the order Coleopterareturnto three families under the four genera.Thesespecies are Tribolium castanum Herbst,1797,Latheticcus oryzaeWaterhouse,1880,Trogoderma granarium Everts ,1898,Oryzaephilus mercator Fauvel,1889.

Climate change and rising temperatures caused water deficits due to lesser and irregular rainfalls, leading to lower production of crops. Morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits of Upland (G. hirsutim L.) cotton varieties grown under optimal water supply (control) and water deficit (experimental) conditions are presented in the article, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll "a", chlorophyll "b", carotenoids, the amounts of proline, malonyldialdehyde, yield per plant, cotton weight per boll, the number of seeds per boll and the number of bolls per plant and the results of their correlation analysis are presented. Under water deficit conditions, there is a strong positive correlation between the carotenoids in plant leaves and the number of bolls per plant, a strong negative correlation between the number of carotenoids and malonyldialdehyde, a strong negative correlation between malonyldialdehyde in plant leaves and the number of bolls per plant, a strong positive correlation between plant productivity and the number of bolls per plant was found to exist. It has been determined that the varieties of Ishonch and Navbahor-2 are more resistant to water deficit than C-6524 and Tashkent-6 in traits of physiological-biochemical and yield attributes.

Natural populations or landraces contains high level of genetic variation that can be used for selection of plus trees in Faidherbia albida agroforestry parklands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. With the high rate of deforestation and over population in recent times, there is danger of losing these naturally adapted landraces of trees. This study investigates the influence of environmental conditions (altitude, human activity, rainfall and soil types) on four (Kodex, Mambang, Dinao and Parkine) Faidherbia albida agroforestry parklands in Cameroon. Forest inventory sampling method with a set of 33 plots of 200 m in diameter was established in the parklands to collect data. Phenotypic measurements (height, diameter at breast height, number of branches, crown diameter and calculated biovolume) were taken and leaf phenology was observed on 156 trees in addition to environmental conditions of the parklands. Species diversity were recorded only in the transects of Kodek and Parkine agroforestry parklands during the inventory. Significant differences were observed among the agroforestry parklands, the soil types, altitude, and human activities on the morphological parameters measured. The inverse phenology of Faidherbia albida was observed in three of the parklands with Mambang still conserving it leaves in the rainy season. A total of 1904 trees (1233 from Kodek and 671 from Parkine) were recorded during the species diversity inventory process from 63 species with Parkine parkland being the most diverse in species types with Shannon H = 2,058 index at kodek and Shannon H = 2.53 index at Parkine. The results of this study indicated that diverse environmental conditions do exist in these parklands and have influenced the measured parameters. This information can aid in selection of plus-trees for breeding, conservation and management of the species while the information on species diversity will assist in monitoring the dynamic of the parklands.

The present study was conducted to study the morphological variation of the Cabdio morar populations inMashkil, Sarbaz, and Jegin rivers in terms of morphometric, meristic, length-weight relationship, and condition factor. A total of 21 morphometric and 7 meristic traits were measured and counted, respectively, and data was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA, Duncan test, Kruskal-Wallis, principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA), and cluster analysis. The results indicated significant differences in 9 morphometric characters (P<0.05), but meristic traits showed no differences between the populations (P>0.05). Multivariate results separated the studied populations showing that the studied populations are delimited mostly by the body depth and dorsal-fin height characters. The values of the length-weight relationship parameters showed that the population of Mashkil River has an almost isometric growth pattern, and the two others have a negative pattern. In addition, the condition factor of the Sarbaz population were lower (0.89±0.23), than two other populations i.e. Jegin and Mashkil (1.35±0.17 and 1.21±0.32, respectively) showing poor conditions of its habitat.

Fibre content effects on mechanical, surface morphology and chemical resistance of epoxy/rattan fibre composite was investigated. By analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and chemical examinations. SEM shows the rattan fibre had improved facial adhesion and a fairly uniform distribution of fibre in the matrix. Similar result were observed for flexural and tensile strengths with gradual increase in strengths with filler loading. Mechanical properties improved with increasing fibre loading, peaking at 25 wt % content. The best tensile and impact strength was obtained at 25 wt % filler with a value of 19.271Mpa and 18.876 J/m. There was a 4.48 % increase in hardness obtained at 15 wt %, 6.55 % increase in hardness at 20 wt. %, while 7.46 % increase in hardness was obtained at 25 wt % representing the highest hardness for individual fibre wt % considered. The flexural strength obtained for the samples presented increased as fibre content increased, while the best flexural strength result of 27.542 Mpa was observed at 25 wt. % fibre. The rattan - epoxy composite’s weight reduced greatly after testing in 10% HCl, NaOCl, and NaOH solution. Theresult for immersing in H2O2 solution showed negligible effects and hence, a small reduction in weight loss.

This study was conducted to identify and classify the lichens; determine the diversity index and richness of lichens. A total of 36 species belonging to six genera under three families was identified. Lichen species were mostly found at moderate high altitudinal range with an elevation of 1,131 meters above sea level and open areas where they received adequate sunlight with high moisture and humidity contents. Diversity, composition and altitudinal distribution of lichens was evaluated in Mt. Kitanglad Range, Kaatauan, Lantapan, Bukidnon, Philippines a wet forest type forest. The maximum species richness was reported on Usnea rubicunda Stirt. The abiotic factors were shown to be essential in adapting the relative abundance of lichens for it is capable to survive in the range of light levels, it appears that drier and lighter conditions competitively favored. Additionally, lichen diversity is dependent on the climatic and environmental conditions which makes them as an excellent biological indicators of ecosystem changes in the forests of Mindanao Island, Philippines.

Methomyl is an oxime carbamate pesticide that is widely used in the Philippines. This insecticide is known to be an endocrine disrupting chemical and a potent genotoxic in mammalian cells. However, limited studies were conducted specifically on its direct effects on estrous cycle and its teratogenic effect. This study aimed to (a) assess the effect of methomyl on the body weight and on the estrous cycle of mice, and; (b) examine the teratogenic effect of methomyl on the progeny of the female albino mice. Five week-old experimental mice in three treatment setups were used in the study for both independent experiments. The treatment schedule for pregnant mice was administered during organogenesis (day 6 to 15 of gestation). Results showed that the average gained weight of the mice of both high dose (HD) and low dose (LD) groups were lower as compared to the average gained weight of the control group but did not show any statistical significant differences (p=0.562). For the experiment 1, methomyl significantly (p=0.013) affect the estrous cycle of the mouse especially in LD group. For experiment 2, results revealed that there was a significant difference among the treatment set-ups (p=0.0001) in terms of fetal morphometric measurement. Furthermore, abnormality and high number of resorption was also observed in both LD and HD treatment groups. Therefore, methomyl significantly affect the body weight, estrous cycle and fetal morphometry. This further confirm that methomyl is an endocrine disrupting and genotoxic chemical that affects the estrous cycle and causes teratogenic effect.