جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « multi criteria decision making (mcdm) » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

The current research is an effort towards the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations in Ardabil city. The current research is practical in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which has attempted to locate electric vehicle charging stations using ARCGIS software and using the WLC model in the form of 5 criteria and 27 sub-criteria. According to the results obtained in the present research, the suitable places suitable for the existing barren land in the city and the land with a suitable location for the electric vehicle charging station, such as the area inside the Shahada highway, especially next to Imam Khomeini street (between the intersection of Bahonar and Jihad square), which He pointed out the reason for the density of uses and infrastructures and especially the location of the central core of the city as an almost mononuclear city. It is also possible to build a station on the routes around the city center (the western and northwestern areas of the city and the inner and outer parts of Basij highway on the side of Shahryar (Arazali) and Aras neighborhoods and the town of experts) in order to decentralize the main core of the city. Also, considering that the city of Ardabil has a touristic nature, and on the other hand, the city of Ardabil is located in the direction of moving from the northwest of the country to the north of the country; It is possible to benefit from installing electric car charging stations at the important entrance and exit gates of the city by using waste lands and if it is possible to adapt and combine them with refueling uses (gasoline pumps).

Nowadays, Desertification is one of the greatest environmental challenges. It is a global issue & its serious consequences affect on biodiversity, environmental safety, poverty eradication, economic & social stability & sustainable development around the world. Therefore, the most appropriate way to determine the extent of desertification risk is using experimental models. In this study to investigate the desertification multi attribute utility theory model was used. For this aim, required data layers were provided in ArcView environment. Then work units were separated using geomorphology method. By determining the effective index, the index values were determined in each works unit & the value of the indices to one another was determined by Shannon entropy method. In continues with calculating the equation of indices utility in work units, multi-attribute utility function or utility coefficient was estimated. Finally, the results were presented as evaluation map. The results showed that 0.42 & 8.92 percent of total study area are classified in very high & high class of desertification, respectively, & moderate desertification (81.74 percent) has the most share of desertification in the study area. Based on all factors, desertification utility index values for the entire region with value of 0.8677 was classified in moderate class. The results of this research provide the possibility of planning to minimize the effects of desertification in development projects, & can create conditions that the balance between development & environment projects be possible according to the priorities & vulnerability mapping of the study area.

Forest parks are produced in two ways of natural or man-made in the territory or within the urban areas. The utilization of the forest parks with respect to the various functions of such parks is of interest to the management of the urban areas, especially in metropolitans.
As forest parks are so important, therefore: this research is a case study of Jahan Nama forest parks in Karaj in order to identify and evaluate the utilization criteria for ranking the management performance. The methods in this research are Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach, Delphi method, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS).
The results show that 6 criteria of Environmental with 5 descriptors, social with 3 descriptors, Ecological with 4 descriptors, Sports with 2 descriptors, Cultural and Educational with 3 descriptors and Economical with 4 descriptors are significant in optimum utilization of urban forest parks.
As a result, the optimum utilization depends on the criteria of stylizing the air, beatifying the landscapes, reducing air pollution, maintaining biodiversity, reducing natural hazards, fulfilling the functions recreation and social interactions, balancing urban ecosystems, sports facilities, equipment and children’s playgrounds, gardening education, libraries, cultural interactions and entrepreneurship and income.

One of the major tasks of urban and regional planners is allocation of land to various urban utilizations according to the role and function of the city, urban economy, and also cross-effect of the land-uses with each other. This is the quantitative aspect of the subject, but what is more important is the qualitative aspect which means appropriate distribution and deployment of land-uses or applications on a physical level (optimal location of land-use). A planning in this way by appropriate land-uses help citizens enjoy the services and facilities offered in different parts of the city. This competent planning requires no additional commuting and will reduce environmental pollution, help to create safe urban space and acceptable environment, and provides peaceful, convenient living. Cemeteries are the places where are considered as the essential services in urban areas. Unfortunately, it is predicted that fullness and replenishment of cemeteries will leads to urban crisis in the next decade and finding other places for cemeteries will be unavoidable. Necessity of having the second or third cemetery in urban areas is not only because of their replenishment or fullness but also it is due to their distance from the cities. This can be problematic for the citizens and make difficulties for the citizens to visit the graves. It seems that the idea of cemeteries development in different directions of the cities would makes the access to them easier for the citizens. Nevertheless, urban planners still do not pay attention to establishment of new cemeteries in the cities according to the facts. Due to the importance finding a suitable place for construction of cemetery in one hand and the complexity of the problem because of different effective factors on the other hand, selection of a suitable environment to model and solve the problem is very important to find the solution. According to studies and surveys conducted in Geographical Information System (GIS) it was found that this system has excellent features and capabilities in collection, storage, retrieval, detection, integration, analysis, modeling, and displaying of geographic data. Having these functionalities, GIS can be used in site selection of urban centers such as cemeteries by involvement of qualitative and quantitative variables. Moreover, GIS can also be used as a strong decision support system in urban planning and management. Therefore, to model and solve the optimization problem of finding a suitable place for a cemetery, the techniques in the MCDM is utilized in GIS environment. Materials: In this study, environmental, social, and economic standards have been considered for finding a suitable place for constructing a new cemetery. Effective criteria in locating the cemetery were identified using expert opinions and resources. Included criteria are distance from city, distance from river, access to main road, slope, geology, soil, and land-use. After the criteria were identified, due to the lack of sufficient information about the amount of effectiveness and interaction of the factors with each other it was tried to make a weighting of the factors based on their relationships. Distance from city: there are different reasons that the cemetery should be located away from the urban main structure. From the jurisprudential view, the maximum distance of cemetery from the city shall be such that not to break the prayer and revocation of fasting. On the other hand, given that the Muslims are going to pilgrimage of the graves periodically (roughly every week), thus distance of cemetery should not be such that the citizens have access difficulties. It should not also cause transmission in many types of contaminations. However, for the favour of urbanism principles, distance between cemetery and the city is necessary, otherwise several problems such as the following will occurs: Transmission of different types of pollutions including air pollutions due to burning of the dead costumes, interactions resulting from decomposition of corpses, contamination caused by burial in soil, noise pollution induced mourning and wailing voices of the survivors. Psychological effects and depression of people, particularly for children who living around the cemetery, they are facing harrowing scenes of wailing every day. Traffic due to mass movement of the participants in funeral ceremony. Road access criteria: due to funeral ceremony and the events afterwards, commuting to the cemetery takes place in collective and group form. At specific days such as Friday nights and some national religious occasions many people turn to the cemeteries. Therefore, proper and safe access to these palces are very significant. It is to mention that sometimes funeral participants do not act rationally due to mental disorders. Hence, if access way to cemetery is out of the town and if it consists of many intersections it may have safety issues. Soil: In chemical interactions on corpse the soil type and material is highly effective. Compounds that are high absorbent of water and or their absorption are very low, cause that the corpse remains in the soil for a long time. Therefore, the soil material and its compounds should be such that not cause disorder in corpse decomposition. Geology: In terms of permeability, the bedrock could be considered as primary necessities in selection of cemetery location. Because very high permeability leads to groundwater pollution and in contrast low permeability leads to contamination of surface water. Surface waters: Cemetery should not be adjacent to river, fountain, and subterranean, because cemetery sewage and specially mortuary wastewater is highly contaminated and by no means should not contact the water for human, livestock, and farming consumption. Land’s slope: topography of cemetery location should have suitable slope to rapid depletion of flowing surface waters, so that the water from rain and snow should not remain on the cemetery surface. The topography of the burial place should also be considered to determine the extent of required excavations and embankments for land leveling Since finding a place for new cemetery requires criteria identification and weighting them as well, spatial multi-criteria decision making techniques in combination with GIS capabilities in resolving such problems can play a key role in achieving the goal. In multi-criteria decision making there are several techniques in regards to site selection. In the current study and in order to select suitable location, ANP, DEMATEL, were used along with GIS. In order to execute the site selection, fuzzy membership values determined for each phase and their corresponding fuzzy maps are prepared in ArcGIS software environment. In addition, for geological and soil criteria based on their types, discrete fuzzy values were devoted. In the final step, the obtained weights in network analysis process for each criterion were multiplied by the obtained fuzzy map for that criterion. To determine an optimal location for construction of a new cemetery, after generation of the weighted fuzzy maps in ArcGIS environment, all proportional maps were combined in ArcGIS using gamma operator with the value of 0.7. The difference between suitable and unsuitable location are discerned in the operators. Gamma value of 0.9 allocates greater areas to suitable location, and gamma 0.8 is also high percentage of suitable location. The results obtained from gamma value of 0.7 indicate that the area of unsuitable location is high and area of suitable location is low. As a result, the operator will assist us to determine the most suitable location. Gamma operator has adjusted very high sensitivity of multiplication in fuzzy operator of fuzzy sum. The results obtained from this operator were used to execute the model for constructing cemetery. The selected locations from combination of all the effective factors give us a suitable location qualified all the hygiene and environment principles for places of the cemeteries. Based on previous researches and the results of the current study, it can be argued that using spatial decision support system through DEMATEL and ANP techniques in GIS environment by gamma fuzzy operators helps to execute an appropriate evaluation and the results close to the real world. DEMATEL technique, by enjoyment of graph theory principles, can be applied to extract the relationships of cross-effectiveness and influence of the elements in the graph of the present study. Thus, it can determine intense effects of the cited relations in the form of numerical scores. One of the advantages of this method compared with other decision making methods is use of feedback relationship. This means that in the structure of this technique each element can affect the same level of elements, upper and lower level elements as well, and in contrast takes effects from each of them. Utilization of DEMATEL for ANP method is effective not only for calculation of influence level between different groups of factors but for matrix normalization. Construction of cemetery in these places can avoid pollution emission in the city. The research suggests also the places for cemeteries in order to avoid traffic in the city.

In order to enhance the efficiency of control plans, reclamation and restoration of destroyed lands and prevention of limited capitals loss are necessary. Absence of a method for covering various criteria and alternatives and proposing the optimal solutions based on a systematic structure and collective view has been always noticed in de-desertification plans. It has been always observed that the alternatives are proposed based on the expert’s partial, nonsystematic and non-holistic view while he or she has no experience in application of systematic models, such as Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM), in de-desertification. Therefore, in this study, the systematic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) model has been used for proposing optimal solutions to de desertification. In this study, opinions of experts about the priority of criteria and alternatives were assessed by Fuzzy Delphi method and Pirewise comparisons. Then, the final priority of alternatives was obtained by using fuzzy decision making matrix and FAHP model. This model was employed for assessing the efficiency of proposing optimal alternatives in Khezrabad region in Yazd province. According to the obtained results, modification of groundwater withdrawal, with an average weight of 93, was identified as the optimal de-desertification alternative in the study area, and other alternatives were found to have an insignificant role in control of desertification.

International Ghara gheshlagh wetland located in southeast part of the Urumieh lake, is a valuable habitat for dozens of rare migratory bird species during the migration seasons. Any residential development in this wetland would have severe consequences and cause irreversible damages. Environmental capability assessment for housing development according to different capabilities identification of suitability and consistency, determining environmental capability potential, and also evaluating the environmental damages, are crucial needs for expansion of human settlements. Therefore, it is essential to plan for human settlements with consideration of balance between residential areas sustainable development and environment. In this paper, ecological and environmental capabilities of Bonab region are evaluated using Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, in terms of Ghara gheshlagh wetland and environmental damages. Results showed that this region is not suitable for residential development, due to presence of Ghare gheshlagh wetland and only 5% of this region is suitable for such development activity.