جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رفتار » در نشریات گروه « فنی و مهندسی »

Driving behavior refers to a set of relatively stable, observable, evaluation and prediction actions and reactions of humans in the field of traffic and the use of transportation devices, which, due to external stimuli, affect how they and other road users travel and can have positive or destructive effects on have traffic flow. In this research, attention has been turned from a linear view of the problem to a non-linear and multifactorial view. This research seeks to investigate driving behavior using simulation based on system dynamics approach. The main goal of the article is to present the practical model resulting from the design of driving behavior in Tehran. In order to achieve this goal, by reviewing the literature and reviewing the documents, the key variables of driving behavior were identified and based on this, the dynamic hypotheses of the model were formulated. In the following, the cause and effect and state-flow diagrams were drawn and the equations related to the relationships of the model variables were extracted. In this research, the opinions of experts in different executive departments were used in the form of semi-open or closed interviews. The main part of the required data has been collected and analyzed from the existing data banks in the traffic-related units of Tehran. In the end, after testing the dynamic model using software and wind, different scenarios were proposed to apply the model. The results of the selected scenarios show improvement in variables related to driving behavior.

Engineering ethics is the study of decisions, policies, and values that are an acceptable ethical standard in engineering practices. Maintaining and promoting trust in the engineering profession in society can only be established in the organizational culture of the profession through ethical approaches to the behavior of committed individuals. Organizational behavior strategy includes general relationships and the way employees behave in performing services. The present research, in terms of applied purpose and type of research method, is descriptive-analytical. After establishing its face validity, content validity, structural validity, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha, the primary study instrument was a survey questionnaire. Due to the importance of this topic, it is necessary to conduct this research in order to assess the performance of engineers in professional ethical behavior with employers and colleagues based on the approved code of ethics for engineering professionals and to predict the effect of components in dealing with employers and colleagues using a structural equation model. The statistical population consisted of Kermanshah engineers, whose data was collected using a simple random sampling technique. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS & AMOS software, and descriptive and inferential statistics revealed a significant positive relationship between the hypotheses and the proper performance of engineers. The evaluation criteria of the model as a whole are desirable and standard, and it has a high level of reliability for measuring the ethical behavior of engineers with employers and colleagues.

In this study, the numerical and experimental results of the behaviour of RCC’s with an elliptic cross- section made of NC and HSC enclosed by a GRP casing and a CFRP wrapping were compared. Behaviour refers to the compressive capacity and ductility of columns. The effect of concrete type, casing, wrapping and layers number, were investigated. 12 columns with 200*120 diameter and 600 mm height were made. The columns were divided into two groups from NC and HSC, and each group was divided into two part of three; the first part had a casing and the second without casing. Each part had a column without wrapping, 2nd with one layer, and 3rd column with two layers. Numerical modelling was performed with ABAQUS software and the results were compared with experimental results, which were well matched. The results showed that the wrapping and casing improved the behaviour of the columns. Addition of one layer and two layers of wrapping on average in the experimental method causes an increase of 19.7% and 28.7% in the CC in the 1st group and 11% and 28.7% in the 2nd group and in the numerical method causes an increase of 19.9% and 36.6% in CC in the 1st group and 16.8% and 30.9% in the 2nd group. Averagely, the use of casing increased the capacity in the experimental method by 4.15 times in the 1st group and 3.51 times in the 2nd group; in the numerical method; this increase in the capacity in the 1st group was 4.26 times and in the 2nd group was 3.25 times. Although the casing and the wrapping both create confinement, comparison showed that the casing, due to its greater confinement, has a much greater effect on improving the behaviour of columns, especially columns made of NC.

Optimization is a very important process in engineering. Engineers can create better production only if they make use of optimization tools in reduction of its costs including consumption time. Many of the engineering real-word problems are of course non-solvable mathematically (by mathematical programming solvers). Therefore, meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are needed to solve these problems. Based on this assumption, many new meta-heuristic optimization algorithms have been proposed inspired by natural phenomena, such as IWO [58], BBO [59], WWO [61], and so on. Inspired by domino toppling theory, we proposed an optimization algorithm. Using domino pieces, we can create countless complex structures. To simulate the domino movement in the search space of a problem, we consider the particles in the search space as the domino pieces and, by creating an optimal path, we will try to direct the dominoes to the optimal path. The optimal paths will be updated in each iteration. After initializing the dominoes randomly at the beginning of each evaluation, the picking piece or the first moving piece will be identified and then the particles will be selected by the optimal path. Applying a motion equation to each domino will move the dominoes forward in that direction. At first, a predefined dominoes will be randomly distributed in the problem space. Choosing the optimal path will accelerate the convergence of the domino particles towards the target. After choosing the path in current iteration, we now have to do the domino movement. The particles will move to a new location by applying the new location equation. By applying this equation, each domino piece will sit on the track ahead of itself. The front piece will also move to a new location by applying an equation separate from the rest. After moving the dominoes to the new location, the worst iteration of the previous iteration will be removed from the problem space. In the new iteration, the optimal domino path, the new locations of domino pieces and the global optimum will be updated. At the end of the algorithm, the global optimum will be determined as the optimal solution. This method is implemented in a simulator environment. To evaluate the performance of the Domino Optimization algorithm, we use a complete benchmark including 30 objective functions called CEC 2014 [67] that are single-objective numerical functions. In all cases, we set the population size to 50, the dimension size to 30, and the number of fitness function evaluation to 150,000. We compare the proposed Domino Optimization algorithm (DO) with the algorithms LOA [57], ICS [62], NPSO [63], MOHS [64], BCSO [65] and FFFA [66]. The results obtained from the 3 unimodal functions show that the proposed method is able to achieve a better solution than any of the state of the art algorithms at the equal resources. Results in the multimodal functions show that the proposed method has the best performance in finding the optimal solution in all of the available 13 functions in this section. In all of 6 functions in the hybrid section, the quality of the proposed method is better than all of the state of the art algorithms at the equal resources. The standard deviation values ​​of the proposed method, which are often small numbers, indicate algorithm convergence around the optimal solution. Also among the available methods, two algorithms, named NPSO and LOA, have good results after the proposed method. In the convergence analysis of dominoes, the diversity of objective functions in 100 distinct iterations shows a big value at the beginning of the algorithm, and a low value at the end of the algorithm.

Increasing human societies' need for food security and the development of new science and technology, such as the production of high-yielding cultivars, the use of chemical inputs and genetic engineering, have devastating effects on the environment and natural resources. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to introduce alternative agriculture as one of the ways to achieve sustainable development. Organic farming is a type of sustainable agriculture with the aim of creating integrated, systematic and humane agricultural production systems that are not in conflict with environmental and economic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting organic farming activities among farmers in Bushehr Province. Using a survey, this study collected data from 67 farmers in two regions of Bushehr Province using stratified random sampling method. The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by university professors and Jihad Keshavarzi Research Center and a pilot study, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.6 to 0.91. The findings of structural equation models of the both regions revealed that factors such as knowledge of organic farming principles, attitude toward environmental conservation, attitude toward human health, attitude to conventional agriculture consequences and attitude toward reference group were the main determinants of farmers` attitude and behaviors toward organic farming systems.  Finally, suggestions are presented to encourage farmers to use organic farming.

Human activities are increasing rapidly in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Marine and freshwater habitats are being affected by a variety of anthropogenic pollutants. Urbanization, transportation and industrialization have continuously increased ambient sound levels with different temporal and spectral patterns. As an environmental pollutant, anthropogenic sound is ubiquitous in, on and near aquatic habitats and potentially may have detrimental effects on aquatic animals at the individual and community level. Over the past few decades, public attention, activities in the field of conservation and animal welfare by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and scientific exploration are raising awareness of the potential effects of sounds on marine mammals and fish species. Here, in a set of continuum studies, I review the impacts of experimental sound exposure on the behaviour (swimming distribution and foraging behaviour) of zebrafish and comparative sound-related behavioural responses of two fish species with different hearing abilities under laboratory conditions. However, further laboratory and field studies are needed to show the potential impacts of anthropogenic sounds on the behaviour of fishes.

A common approach followed in the field of project management is the so-called competence-oriented approach.In many of sophisticated industries, where a vast array of equipment have been developed, coping with the variable challenges of today and unique circumstances encountered in projects is a person-oriented task. Operating the most complicated megaprojects across the country, Iran’s hydropower industry has not been an exception to this rule, for which management the development of “individual’s competence” has long been seen as a necessity. In this respect, the very first step is to undertake a genealogical study to understand the concept thoroughly. Accordingly, the relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed to deeply investigate the definitions and then explain the concept of competence. Subsequently, the main components of competence were explored to study the link between the competence and the concept of “behavior” in an attempt to introduce a behavior modification cycle. Finally, different views to the codification of competence standards were revisited through deontologism/consequentialism followed by an analytical review of previous works on competence in the project management across Iran Water and Power Resources Development Company, to obtain the theoretical foundations for the development of project competence model based on all of the performed analyses.

Optimization is an important and determinant task in structural design. Better designs will be achieved if designers be able to reduce design time and cost using optimization methods. Many optimization problems in engineering are naturally more complicated and difficult to be solved by conventional optimization methods such as mathematical programming. Nature is a basis of many optimizations algorithms, so researchers focus on behavioral patterns of organisms and events in nature by considering a structure toward a target. In this study, a new optimization algorithm is proposed based on the behavioral pattern of wild mice. Studying targeted and beneficial behaviors of wild mice in colony motivates these kinds of behaviors could be a pattern for solving an uncertain complex problem. In this research, based on the experimental results on this animal, the behavior of the mice in the production phases of the population, mating, struggle for survival has been implemented. The mice are organized in several colonies that will fight for survival based on the command of an colony head that is elite. Also, the motor pattern of the mice was defined based on the colony-head location and the average colony members that were effective in an optimal search in the problem space. The behavioral pattern of this living organism was implemented in the simulation environment and results show that the proposed algorithm is a suitable pattern to find an optimal solution for complicated problems.

The complex and persistent attacks of network have been made up of numerous hidden stages. One of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of intrusion detection systems against these attacks is the use of a defense mechanism based on low-level network traffic analysis, in which the hidden relationships between alerts are not addressed. Our assumption is that there is a hidden structural information in traffic data, and we want to define rules in network traffic similar to linguistic rules and use it to describe the patterns of malicious network activity. In this way, the discovery of misuse and anomalous patterns can be well treated as the problem of learning syntactic structures and semantic fragments of the “network language”. In this paper, for the first time in cybersecurity, a new clustering is used named as the clustering of MD_DBSCAN; one of the most advanced types of DBSCAN clustering. In addition, a greedy algorithm inspired by the induction of grammar in natural language processing has been used to recgnize high-level activities and define the relations between activities in different levels, by integrating low-level activities. In the recognition section of high-level activities of the proposed algorithm, for the first time, similarity edition criterion in hierarchical clustering has been added to the existing criteria in the base algorithm. According to ROC curves the results show that the accuracy of detection in higher-level activities are about 30% higher than low-level activities. Also by choosing the best setting for threshold parameters in attack detection algorithms, we had the highest F1 score in different levels from 1 to 3: 72.3 , 96.2, 96.4. which means that in general we have had the improvement of about 0.2 compared to the base algorithm.

Review and influence the behavior of children at the time of crossing the street when leaving the school with the help of WSB purpose of this article. In this sample, four kinds of dangerous behavior of elementary students in Tehran in question is 15: 1- The elementary students standing along the street to a complete stop. 2- Before crossing the street look around. 3- When the distance between them and the vehicle is low, do not cross the street. 4- Passing slowly across the street. Seven to eleven years of age are considered children at this age can be traffic education, primary school children in crossing streets safely conducted. Using WSB (school bus) as well as statistical sampling of students’ performance was assessed and the results were analyzed using SPSS software.

Any weakness in the export of oil and gas engineering services، not only robs the opportunity of Iranian national development but also threatens it in the long term since if like today we rely on energy export and we don’t use that knowledge in order to develop engineering service outside the boarders، Iran will be the importer of energy rather than exporter. Development of such services not only provides the opportunity for energy maintenance but also enhance the countries capability to provide employment، technology development and technical science، enhancing the political relationships، and civil and cultural export. However، there are lots of efforts but still there are some obstacles. In this article according to semi-structured interviews and biblical studies from experts in a thematic analysis، a conceptual model has been devised that investigates the development of oil and gas engineering services industries. Also one of the accomplishments of this study is identification of obstacles in the three dimensions of theme، behavior and structure.

In this paper, the dynamic Bayesian network for modeling behavior has been used for door-crossing behavior. This network easily trains and it supports dependencies between of data’s sensors and the desired behavior of robot on ideal environment and it detects error on data’ sensor by using data based method in real environment. Elimination of undesired sensor performs with structure changing base on interpretation of sensor’s data. Evaluation is based on robots with artificial error in the readings of the sensors. Proposed model for the "door-crossing", which is based on dynamic Bayesian networks, has been able to resist much higher than the model based on Bayesian networks (fixed structure), in the face of adverse and multiple interpretations of the constant error, drift, also cross-talk, random movement and slight changes in the environment map. This model is much resistant by adding maneuver part to it on dynamic environments. The performance of the proposed model on the simulation environment has been evaluated.

In this paper a new structure based on Bayesian networks is presented to improve mobile robot behavior, in which there exist faulty robot sensors. If a robot likes to follow certain behavior in the environment to reach its goal, it must be capable of making inference and mapping based on prior knowledge and also should be capable of understanding its reactions on the environment over time. Old learning models for knowledge learning, especially on dynamic environment, are quite complex and have uncertainty in sensors. In this paper a new structure based on Bayesian network is presented for knowledge learning on robot behavior when the malfunction sensors exist. In this paper successful door crossing behavior is explained. In this issue the belt of ultrasonic sensors is used to receive environment information. Simulation results show that using the Bayesian network is very effective in robot behavior with faulty sensors.

This paper proposes a model to learn Farsi handwriting in different sizes based on human behavior. This model copies a human handwritten character with imitation. The imitation includes two stages of perception and action. During the perception, the information that is needed in order to generate the character is extracted from the original pattern and during the action, the model generates a character similar to the original one. To rewrite a given character, first it is decomposed into the consecutive strokes. Each stroke is approximated by several linear subdivisions. We considered the slopes and lengths of these subdivisions as the features of a given handwriting. The model learns to write a character by learning to reproduce these features. These features are descriptive of the human handwriting behavior. The learning process becomes complete when all points of the character's trajectory have distance less than a specified distance with the original trajectory. This specified distance describes visual attention and is defined as the attention width. Attention width demonstrates the human accuracy during the different trials of learning. In our model, visual attention is adaptive and decreases as the learning progresses. After the completion of learning, Farsi letters with different sizes can be generated using only memory. In order to evaluate the performance of the model, the correlation between the original and simulated characters is used. The simulation results showed good performance of the model between different Farsi characters.