جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "حل مساله" در نشریات گروه "فناوری اطلاعات"

Education is the most essential human need. Without education, no society can survive; but effective and useful education cannot be done by trial and error, it requires a plan. A review of previous research shows that little attention is paid to the issue of external cognitive load and higher-level learning, especially problem solving in the educational design in the country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with regard to the importance and impact of educational design patterns, especially Gagne's design pattern in the field of educational activities and its purpose was to investigate the effect of applying the Gagne's pattern on the external cognitive load and problem solving ability.

With respect to purpose, this was an applied study and with respect to methodology, this was considered as a quasi-experimental study (of the type of pretest-posttest with experimental and control groups). The population of the study consisted of male high school students in West Islamabad. To conduct the research, a high school from West Islamabad was randomly selected, using multistage cluster sampling method. From among the classes of this high school, two were selected as the experimental group and the control group. Then, based on their midterm scores, 15 students from each class were randomly divided into the two control and experimental groups. The experimental group was exposed to the independent variable and the control group was trained by the conventional method. Data were collected using a scale of Pass, Van Merrienboer and Adam. Another instrument was the researcher-made problem solving skill test whose validity was determined by experts and its reliability was 0.84 using retest method. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by using independent t-test and analysis of covariance.

For both groups in this study, homogeneity problem solving pre-test and post-test were performed first. After the experiment (Gagne's educational design pattern) was applied with the experimental group, the results showed  the relative superiority of the experimental group in a way that the average score obtained for this group in their problem solving skill (that is, 16.533) was higher than that of the control group (that is, 13.000). Also, there was a significant difference between the average of external cognitive load in the experimental group (6.600) and the control group (3.333). The results of the study showed that in terms of the external cognitive load, there is a statistically significant difference between the two control and experimental groups (t: 6.767, p < /em>: 0.01). In addition, the findings of the study revealed that Gargano’s educational design pattern had a significant effect on the reduction of the external cognitive load in the experimental group as compared to that of the control group. The findings also showed a significant increase in the problem solving skills in the experimental group as compared to those of the control group (p < /em>: 0.05, df: 1, F: 46.234).

Based on research findings, it can be concluded that the application of Gagne's pattern in the educational system can have a positive effect on achieving high levels of learning, and it is recommended that teachers and administrators of the educational system pay attention to this point. According to their authority on how to use different teaching methods, teachers can use the results of this research, and use this design method in preparing their lesson plans and applying it to their teaching.
 

Information literacy is a skill that enables a person to identify his information needs to understand and use it effectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between information literacy and life skills of elementary school teachers in the city of Miyandorood. The research method was descriptive, correlational one. The statistical population consisted of all primary school teachers in the city of Miyandorood (N= 360). The statistical sample was 186 participants that determined by the Cochran formula and selected by stratified random sampling according to gender. Data were gathered by using two standard questionnaires: life skills and information literacy questionnaires. The content and face validity of the instruments was confirmed by experts. Their reliability was calculated 0.89 and 0.83 respectively by using Cronbach Alpha. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation between information literacy and teacher's life skills. Also, there is a significant relationship between information literacy with empathy skills, communication skills, problem solving skills and creative thinking skills.

The present study was done to examine the role of mathematic anxiety on mathematic performance of high school students. Math anxiety is a factor that can affect performance in math. This anxiety is influenced by personal and environmental factors، cultural factors and gender roles too. In this research the effect of this factor son performance in math was assessed. The research method had a correlation design which is categorized in descriptive research. The participants of this study were 300 high school students who were studying in Damghan city high schools in 1389-1390. 150 male high school students and 150 females were selected randomly as sample. The subjects completed the math anxiety Scale (Chiu & Henry، 1990).This scale has four dimensions (mathematics anxiety، learning، problem solving، teacher). Findings showed that among components related to mathematic anxiety، just learning anxiety of mathematic could predict the students’ performance. But there was no difference between male and female students mathematic anxiety.