جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « climate change » در نشریات گروه « مکانیک »

Buildings presently use 30% of global energy, set to rise due to climate change. This study assesses climate change's impact on energy consumption(heating/cooling loads) in Tabriz over six decades. It also compares the effect of several energy efficient solutions in buildings. Future weather data for 2050 and 2080 was generated by CCWorldWeatherGen based on existing files. Identifying the prevalent housing type in Eram, energy simulations for the current and next 60 years used Design Builder 7.0.0.096. Applying energy reduction strategies, the study evaluates thermal performance, energy consumption, and environmental impact.In all models, heating peaks in 2020, and cooling surges by 28.69% and 63.34% in 2050 and 2080 versus 2020. Model WI shows the lowest cooling energy variation at 66.66%. COM models rank as the most efficient in 2020, 2050, and 2080, cutting energy consumption by 8.24%, 11.95%, and 12.83%.Climate change raises annual energy consumption by 4% in the current building model. Comparing strategies, two models—COM and thermal insulation WI—enhance building performance in 2020, 2050, and 2080. These findings stress the urgency of implementing strategies to mitigate climate-induced escalation in building energy consumption.

According to the forecasts, the highest amount of greenhouse gas emissions will be between 2025 and 2035. Global climate change policies to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement (not to increase the global temperature by 2 degrees), quickly affect countries, affect the economic growth of countries, shake the position of fossil energy and shape new trends in future energy technologies; Therefore, paying attention to the future of policies to deal with climate change is particularly important. In this article, the method of structural analysis with the Micmac method has been used for future research in this field, and the Delphi method has been used to collect experts' opinions about the influence of variables on each other. In this research, 22 factors were identified as key variables and the mutual influence of the factors on each other in different sections was investigated using Micmac software. Based on the analytical results, political factors will have the most impact in the future of climate change policies. In the next stage, it is the turn of scenario planning, and then the optimal strategies for Iran have been explained considering possible futures.

In this article, a new framework has been developed based on the modeling of the energy system and related greenhouse gas emissions, which aims to predict and provide a perspective of energy and environment correlation for economic sub-sectors under possible scenarios. Nexus modeling has been done by the bottom-up method using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software from 2016 to 2040. Demographic and economic data of Urmia watershed, which is one of the drivers of energy demand, was collected and used as a case study. The results based on the analysis of energy and greenhouse gas emissions under different scenarios have shown that the greatest potential for saving energy and reducing emissions is 27.76 million barrels of crude oil equivalent and 11.3 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents respectively under the scenario of integrated policies. Analysis of the sensitivity of the total energy demand to social and economic changes shows an average increase of 3 and 2 percent per unit of increase in population and GDP. A cost-benefit analysis for productive measures under the mentioned scenario results in the maximum net present value if the interest rate remains below 8%.

The limitation of global fossil fuel resources has had a significant impact in recent years. Iran wastes 570 million barrels of oil out of the allocated 1463 million barrels for the residential, industrial, and transportation sectors. The cement industry, as one of the high-energy consumers, accounts for approximately 14% of the country's industrial energy consumption, with about 40% of this energy being lost during production processes. This study aims to recover the waste heat from the cement industry using the Rankine cycle and simulate it using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Additionally, a thermal oil loop has been employed to prevent corrosion of heat exchangers and control the organic fluid evaporation process. Ethanol has been selected as the suitable working fluid, with a net power production capacity of 6213 kW, a thermal efficiency of 91.22%, and an exergy efficiency of 18.24%, outperforming R123, R1233zd(E), R1234ze(Z), and R600a. Increasing the turbine's inlet pressure by 100 kPa increases thermal and exergy efficiencies by 2.7% and 2.67%, respectively, while decreasing the mass flow rate into the evaporator by 5.6%. Increasing the condenser temperature by one degree results in approximately a 5.6% reduction in thermal efficiency and a 5.5% reduction in exergy efficiency.

Solar radiation, the basic parameter required for solar energy programs, is not measured in all parts of the world due to technical and financial limitations, and it is necessary to determine with the accurate estimation methods. In this research, a model was developed to estimate the daily horizontal scattered solar radiation with the hybrid methods of Support Vector Regression, Gray Wolf Optimization and Harmony Search Algorithm. To determine the validity of the model, daily measured solar radiation data of different cities in the sunny part of Iran (Bandar Abbas, Kerman, Sanandaj, Semnan and Zahedan) were used. The input parameters of the models are the mean temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hour, evaporation and wind velocity. The comparison of the solar radiation of the hybrid model with the measured values shows the desired results based on statistical analysis, and the hybrid model is an efficient and accurate method compared to other models, especially experimental models. The average absolute bias error obtained, root mean square error and correlation coefficient for Zahedan station are respectively equal to 14.77 MJ⁄m^2, 26.85 MJ⁄m^2, and 0.68 for the experimental equation and the obtained values of the regression vector machine - Harmony respectively It was similar to 13.85MJ⁄m^2, 9.58 MJ⁄m^2 and 0.71. The research results showed that the regression-harmony vector machine model is an efficient method that is much more accurate than other models.

In the decade, with the development of technology and the increase in the human factor, we have seen the growth of the use of energy resources in the world. The transportation industry, including land, sea and air, has the highest energy consumption coefficient in the world. the development and of the above-in most regions of the world, problems such as the increase in the temperature of the earth and the nature of climate changes and the increase in environmental pollution have occurred. This phenomenon has drawn attention to the use of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. In the current research, using the method of examining sustainable development criteria, the reliability and comparison of the three fuels diesel, biodiesel and hydrogen for internal combustion engines have been investigated. This method is a useful tool for comparing and improving energy-based systems, which includes three main environmental, social and technological indicators and a total of 30 sub-indices. The score of each index indicates the level of compatibility of the examined process in the scope of that index. So that every element or process that has more reliability gets more points. , points are between 0 and 1. The evaluation indicators of this method include issues such as effectiveness, production costs (extraction, processing, transportation) and environmental pollution of each fuel. The results of this research provide an effective approach to compare the sustainable development capacity of the fuels used in diesel and, as a result, the development of economical and environmentally friendly fuels.

The negative effects of climate change in the future due to the rapid development of industry, technology and less attention to the environment, this will be a very serious issue as it is a serious threat to the future of humanity as Earth's climate is essential. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC with the primary objective of recognizing the aspects of climate change and in particular how human activities affect it, the Board has published a collection of evaluation and expert reports that are the most authoritative sources of information on climate change are well known have documented and the results announced them in first, second, third and fourth assessment reports. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has used the new RCP scenarios as representatives of trajectories of different concentrations of greenhouse gases in compiling its fifth evaluation report. According to the study of climate change in different parts of the world, this study has studied the changes in the Persian Gulf region of Iran. The result of the study is obtaining long-term forecast charts and observing the trend of temperature for this region in the long term from 1950 to 2100, from different models of IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, CNRM-CM5 and MIROC-CHEM prediction models were selected for prediction simulation and maximum temperature and minimum temperature prediction and the model was drawn and studied for three regions of Qeshm, Abu Musa and Bushehr located in the Persian Gulf

Greenhouse gases are the main cause of climate change and global warming. Due to increasing demand for energy, various policies and programs adopt to reduce fossil fuel consumption as one of the emitters of greenhouse gases, the focus of clean and renewable energies to address climate change is prioritized. Iran aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 4 and 12 percent based on two non-conditional and conditional scenarios for contribution in the Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program in 2030. Scenarios have been considered for the use of renewable energy capacities of the country by the year 1409 to meet the country's electricity demand due to the high share of the power plant's part and the country's potential in renewable resources. The results of the scenarios survey indicate that with the development of solar power, wind and geothermal power generation capacity of 25,000, 12,000 and 500 MW respectively, a reduction in distribution would be achieved in line with the obligations of the country under the Paris Agreement. This implies that despite the potential capacity for renewable resources in the country, by adopting appropriate incentives for the development of energy from renewable sources, in addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, such as reducing fuel consumption Fossil fuels in the energy sector and the possibility of using them in other higher value added sectors or export them.

Due to population explosion and technological progresses, world's energy demand is growing up fast. Therefore application of renewable energy sources because of reliable, cost-effective and everlasting for energy demand is attractive. Solar energy, among different types of renewable energy sources, is a promising candidate and easily available source to manage long term for energy crisis. Solar technology and industry is developing all over the world because of lack of fossil fuels and limitations for application of the other types of energy. Solar energy shows many advantages such as availability, cost effective, high capacity and efficiency compared to other types of renewable resources, therefore is the best option for energy supply around the world. This paper considers the need of renewable energy, solar energy industries, world energy scenarios and challenges, and introduces solar energy as a good candidate. Also the paper reviewed the opportunities associated with renewable energy sources including energy security, energy access, social and economic expansion, climate change mitigation, and finally reduction of health effects. Despite these opportunities, there are challenges about sustainability of renewable energy sources.

The phenomenon of climate change is caused by various factors such as swings at the Earth’s climate, natural processes, and human activities. Following that, the solar absorption has been increasing as compared with the radiation of the Sun’s ray, the Earth is getting warmer, and this change is threatening the lives of the present and also the future generation; all these are caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to the fossil fuel consumption. Since the most important achievements of mankind may be civilization and urbanization and the neighborhood is considered as linchpin of the city frame, firstly, climate change and its factors are described in this paper to relate the aforementioned factors and then the structure of a sustainable neighborhood is examined by defining the concepts of neighborhood and sustainability in order to prevent the continuation of climate change. Achieving the principles and criteria of the neighborhood design requires collaboration of all related specialists, especially architects, urban planners, and the people; then the future generation will be able to meet their own needs and this means sustainable design: future-oriented, environment-oriented, and partnership-oriented.