نشریه سیستم های انرژی پایدار
سال دوم شماره 4 (پاییز 1402)

One of the most important goals of sustainable development is to preserve nature and improve it, and the manifestation of sustainable development in the built environment basin is called sustainable architecture. Green roof is one of the new approaches to architecture and urban planning and arises from the concepts of sustainable development, which can be used to increase the per capita green space, improve the quality of the environment. Today, due to the increasing need for energy and the limitation of fossil fuels as depleting and polluting sources of the environment, the need to use more renewable energy sources is felt. One of the increasing uses of energy is thermal energy. One of the methods of thermal energy storage is the use of phase change materials. This research has been prepared with the aim of thermal optimization of green roof using phase change materials. By selecting biodegradable materials as phase change materials used in the roof, the research was conducted in three models and three different uses, using Energy Plus software. According to the results, the green roof model optimized with phase change materials in all three different uses of the building has increased the temperature in the building in cold seasons and significantly increased the temperature in hot seasons, and achieved thermal comfort. Therefore, according to the results, using green roof separately causes more temperature balance.

Fuel cells have been noticed by researchers due to their high efficiency, low pollution, and high-power density in distributed generation systems. Grid-connected inverters are considered vital elements for effectively connecting renewable energy sources and distributed generation system applications. Ripple-induced current harmonics in DC link and high switching frequency are the disadvantages of grid-connected inverters that are reduced by LCL filters. However, the intrinsic resonance in the LCL filter leads to instability of the power transmission system. As a result, suitable damping is essential for removing resonance in the LCL filters. LCL filters are utilized to reduce switching harmonics and increase the quality of the grid-injected current. The LCL-filters can lead to resonance and instability despite their capability to attenuate harmonics. When digital control is utilized to control grid-connected inverters, the stability of the inverter is weakened against grid impedance changes due to control delays that include computation as well as pulse width modulation delays. In this paper, the design, control, and stability analysis of the inverter-based power conditioner, which is connected to the low voltage grid via an LCL filter, is presented to manage the power flow of the PEMFC. For this aim, the capacitor current feedback active damping procedure is used to alleviate the resonance phenomena caused by LCL filter, and a phase compensator in the is applied to compensate for the unwanted effects of the control delay of the grid-connected fuel cell power conditioning system. To investigate the proficiency of the proposed scheme, the design of each section is presented for the phase compensation and the parameters of the closed loop system under study. The simulation results of the LCL-based grid-connected fuel cell power conditioning system have been performed in MATLAB/Simulink, depicting the suggested method's accuracy.

The present research investigates the possibility of using renewable energies such as solar, wind, geothermal, and bioenergy in the Sistan and Baluchestan province. This province faces significant obstacles in energy supply due to climatic, economic, and geographical factors. Using geographic information and global data in the ArcGIS software, an assessment of the total capacity of the province has been conducted, and areas with the highest potential for renewable energy exploitation have been identified. The assessment results show that the annual energy production capacity from solar, wind, geothermal, and bioenergy sources is equivalent to 1962 kWyear.m-2, 22776 MWyear per turbine, 402 kWyear.m-2, and 194 KWyear per person, respectively, which, if these sources were replaced, would prevent 818.74 kg.m-2, 9504.42 ton (per turbine), 167.75 kg.m-2, and 80.95 kg (per person) of carbon dioxide emissions annually. Furthermore, the annual energy production level in a sample household demand in the study area has been evaluated using GEO T-SOL and PVSYST software. The results indicate that the energy produced by designing a hybrid geothermal and solar system for household demand in the region is equivalent to 8637 kWh and 8858 kWh per year, leading to energy savings of 22566 kWh and prevention of 5585 kg of carbon dioxide emissions annually. The results of this study demonstrate the significant efficiency and potential of renewable energies in meeting the energy needs in the Sistan and Baluchestan province, serving as a valuable solution to address the challenges of energy demand and sustainable development in the region.

Renewable energy production using solar panels as cover on reservoirs and dams has increased in arid and semi-arid countries. By using this method, in addition to producing clean energy, drinking water evaporation amount would be reduced in the tanks. Hormozgan province located in the south of Iran is considered to be arid. Jagin and Esteghlal Minab dams are the major water suppliers in this province. Throughout the past few years, the decrease in rainfall has caused an increase in the evaporation of reservoir water. According to the appropriate amount of radiation in mentioned areas, installing floating solar panels on the tanks is possible. The simulation using PVSOL in three installation modes: south direction, east-west, and flat. The estimation of the volume and water level to cover these panels has shown that by using the existing apron zone cover with a flat layout in the dams, a solar power plant with a power of 9Gw will be built with an energy production of 9000 Gwh/year. Also placing the FPV panel on the canal has prevented water evaporation by 100,000 cubic meters. It is required to mention that proper climate and radiation angle can lead to power plants with 80%+ performance.

According to the forecasts, the highest amount of greenhouse gas emissions will be between 2025 and 2035. Global climate change policies to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement (not to increase the global temperature by 2 degrees), quickly affect countries, affect the economic growth of countries, shake the position of fossil energy and shape new trends in future energy technologies; Therefore, paying attention to the future of policies to deal with climate change is particularly important. In this article, the method of structural analysis with the Micmac method has been used for future research in this field, and the Delphi method has been used to collect experts' opinions about the influence of variables on each other. In this research, 22 factors were identified as key variables and the mutual influence of the factors on each other in different sections was investigated using Micmac software. Based on the analytical results, political factors will have the most impact in the future of climate change policies. In the next stage, it is the turn of scenario planning, and then the optimal strategies for Iran have been explained considering possible futures.

At the same time, according to related theoretical foundations and numerous contemporary researches, there is an innate attraction towards nature and its manifestations in the name of nature-loving and naturalism in humans. The concept of "biophilia" is defined in terms of friendship with nature and living systems, which is effective in energy consumption and optimization. The main goal of the research is to explain the neurobiological theoretical model of biophilic design in architecture to conserve energy in the environment with the method of content analysis. The research method is "content analysis" which, by theoretical study and review of all studies related to neurobiology and biophilic architecture, expressed the influential neuro-cognitive components in biophilic design, and therefore, in this research, the search field "biophilic architecture", "neurobiology of architecture" ” and “neurobiological biophilia” were entered in four databases including: Scopus search, Science direct search, Google Scholar search and SAGE to find matches in electronic data sources. The findings of the present research show that humans have an emotional relationship with nature and the ecosystem based on cognitive and neurological researches, and that this dependence and psychological desire of humans has parameters The main in the neurobiological design of biophilic architecture includes: the tangible experience of nature, the intangible experience of nature, balanced sensory stimulation, landscape, light and natural ventilation, the feeling of shelter and mystery, which can help preserve energy in the environment.