جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "solar panel" در نشریات گروه "مکانیک"

Hydrogen is considered as a new source of energy. One of the most used methods of hydrogen gas production is water electrolysis. Electrolysis of water by an electrolyzer and by passing an electric current through water molecules, using an intercellular membrane causes the breakdown of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. If the intercellular membrane is removed, hydrogen gas and oxygen are mixed and hydroxy gas is produced. This gas, which includes hydrogen and oxygen molecules, has been considered as an auxiliary fuel. For this purpose, in this research, the design and construction of a multi-cell electrolyzer producing hydroxy gas without a membrane using 316 steel sheet has been discussed. To increase the conductivity of water, potassium hydroxide electrolyte was used, and solar panels with different powers were used to supply the required energy consumption of the electrolyzer. Then, by conducting various experiments, the application of this technology using solar energy has been investigated. The results of the tests show that each electrolyzer plate has a voltage of 2 to 3 volts and there must be a proper proportion between the number of electrolyzer plates and the voltage of the panels. The production per solar panel surface for the three studied conditions was obtained as 1919, 4542.5 and 6919 liters per square meter, respectively, which indicates that there are optimal values corresponding to the panel surface and the area of the electrolyzer plates, which leads to an optimal current passing. It becomes more appropriate from the device and its performance.

The Forozan area of Bandar Abbas is one of the growing areas. Due to the increase in the population in this part, the amount of electricity consumed in the Forozan region has also increased. Considering the style of the structures in this area, the suitable skyline, and the gentle slope towards the south, the buildings have a good potential for installing solar panels, and the possibility of using their produced energy is an effective method of compensating part of the energy. It is required by the region. After the field monitoring of the area, calculating the digital height of the area relative to the base, using ArcGIS software, the topology of the area, the slope, and the skyline have been calculated and interpolated. Modeling has been done for these areas using PVSol software version 2021 with how to install panels in south-direction and east-west directions. By using these panels on the roofs of the buildings in this area, which were technically possible to install, they will produce about 9800-kilowatt hours of energy annually, and after 5 years, the capital of this project will be returned. In the case of covering all the buildings that can be installed in the Forozan area of Bandar Abbas, more than 7.9 MWh of energy will be produced annually and the production of more than 450 tons of CO2 gas will be prevented. The installation of the panel will provide 20% of the electricity consumed in the area.

 Solar collectors and photovoltaic panels are usually exposed to the sun at a fixed angle relative to the horizon. The optimal angle has a significant effect on receiving maximum energy. Since there is not a comprehensive study to determine the optimal angle in Khuzestan province, in this research, the centers of counties in Khuzestan province, including twenty-six cities, were considered. The energy received on an inclined surface was calculated based on the average of 16 years of solar radiation data and the isotropic and non-isotropic models (HDKR model). Different angles from -20 to 90 degrees with a step of 0.1 were examined using Fortran codes, and the angle corresponding to the maximum received energy was determined as an optimal angle. Comparing the obtained results with previous studies showed that the HDKR model has better performance, and the average optimal angle of the cities of Khuzestan province was approximately 26 degrees with a standard deviation of 0.8 degrees.

Cooling panels using the half pipe method is one of the most important methods used to increase the efficiency of solar resources. In this article, a practical project for cooling a solar panel based on the half-pipe method has been carried out with the aim of increasing the efficiency of solar panels. In the proposed design, the half-pipes are installed directly on the bottom surface of the panel, and the available fluid, which is water in this technique, is inside the half-pipes and in direct contact with the panel, and performs the cooling process in a spiral on the surface of the panel. Two panels have been used to compare the performance of a panel equipped with a half pipe and a panel without this system, the panels have dimensions of 150 x 180 and power of 200 watts. Three sensors have been used to measure the temperature of the panels and the environment. The results show that using the half-pipe method can reduce the temperature of the panels by about 10 degrees Celsius. In addition, the results show a 36% increase in solar panel efficiency by using the half-pipe method.

In this study, modeling, optimization and economic analysis of a multiple generation system based on the use of solar energy using thermoelectric in the Rankin organic cycle. The system under study consists of solar panel subsystems, Rankin organic cycle, absorption chiller and PEM electrolyzer. The fluid used in the Rankin organic cycle contains refrigerant R123. Thermodynamic software for solving EES engineering equations has been used to model the studied system and also to obtain the results of system analysis. In this study, a comparison was made between two systems with the presence of thermoelectric and the system without the presence of thermoelectric and the use of condenser in the Rankin organic cycle and according to the results, the system with thermoelectric presence has better performance. According to the studies performed on the parameters affecting the system outputs, we can name the inlet temperature to the turbine and the area of ​​the solar panel. According to the system exergy degradation study, the solar panel has the most exergy degradation and the least exergy degradation is related to the pump. The NSGA-II genetic multi-objective algorithm is used to optimize the objective functions of the designed system. The two opposite objective functions studied in this study were to increase exergy efficiency and reduce cost rate. The Pareto diagram was obtained in order to determine the best values ​​for the objective functions of the problem, which are the system exergy efficiency and the system cost rate. Finally, the optimum value of the exergy efficiency was 18.25% and the cost rate was $ 1.87 per hour. Also for case study in this study, Khuzestan province and Dezful, Ahvaz and Abadan cities were selected. The results of a case study showed that this system has a high performance in Khuzestan province and the best results were obtained in Abadan.

An essential component in the construction and operation of solar power plants is identifying the factors affecting power generation in the desired areas based on the season and the amount of radiation in each season for the construction of solar power plants. Therefore, in this study, by examining the output capacity of a small 1kW power plant and analyzing effective data in different seasons, as well as by comparing practical and simulation results, we could identify useful and consistent data about factors affecting the production capacity of the plant. Then, the effect of temperature changes on each cell unit was investigated. Using a 100W YH100W-18-M panel, a practical study of the data was performed based on the STC rate. Meanwhile, the data were simulated and matched, and the final results were extracted. Finally, the diagram of the impact on the power and current of the power plant in all seasons of the year was extracted. The obtained results, namely the effective parameters in compiling this article, indicated the effectiveness of parameters such as the ambient temperature and the amount of radiation, yielding significant results in the output power of the power plant in different seasons.

Planning for optimal utilization of solar energy requires evaluation of solar systems, especially photovoltaic systems in different cities of the country. Photovoltaic cells are affected by factors such as high temperature, dust deposition, electrical losses and severe storms. The presence of dust in the sky of Iran causes dust deposition on the surface of the photovoltaic panels and greatly affects the efficiency of photovoltaic panels. In this study, natural factors affecting the performance of photovoltaic panels such as the intensity of sunlight, temperature, humidity, wind current, snow and dust are mentioned. Also, several types of automatic cleaning systems are mentioned to clean the solar panels from any contamination. Experimental tests were conducted outdoors to evaluate the effect of dust on the important parameters of the photovoltaic panel. Dust deposition on the panel surface caused 3% decrease in voltage, 42% decrease in current, 46% decrease in power and 3% increase in the temperature of the contaminated panel compared to the clean panel. Comparisons between clean panel and panels contaminated with dust and sand were made. As a result, the voltage and current of the panel with 10   of sand decreased 2% and 4% more than the voltage and current of the panel with 10  of dust. Photovoltaic panels should be cleaned regularly using cleaner systems that minimize the need for water and manpower to reduce the effects of pollution and increase the efficiency.

Solar-powered generator is one of the critical parts in designing and manufacturing of the satellites. Achieving a high degree of reliability and maximum absorption in the Solar-powered generator are two key factors considered by designers.   In this paper, designing and manufacturing different components of a charging part of a nano-satellite have been evaluated by considering environmental constraints.  Simplicity and high degree of reliability are the main aspects of the proposed method that lead to maximum amount of power absorption. The innovation of this paper is detecting the optimal operating point of the solar panel based on the measurement of the solar cell temperature. In addition, an I2C communication protocol has been implemented between PMU and C&DH in order to simultaneously monitor of voltage and current of various points and receiving controlling orders from the stations on earth.  After designing and simulating of the controller of the charging part of the satellite, various necessary components for building of each subsystem have been prepared. In the next step, prototype of the charging circuit board was built and tested.  According to the test results, necessary modifications were implemented on the final circuit board.  Finally, the last version of the PMU circuit board was designed and built. Utilizing the boost synchronous converter, the efficiency of the converter section is improved up to 95%.

The purpose of this research is design of solar panels for a satellite which put in to geostationary orbit considering siutable reliability. The process of solar panel design is conducted according to the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) method. In this regard, an initial plan, a subsequent design process improvement, and a final optimized design process are provided. The first level of designed mechanism product tree includes released mechanism, development mechanism, lock and rotation components. Given the importance of ensuring the proper operation of mechanisms in space and reported mission failures due to lack of mechanism’s operation, the reliability network of designed mechanism is constructed and the reliability of designed panel is calculated. The amount of achieved relaiability is then verified according to the mission and system engineering requirements. Nessecary changes are applied on initial design to achieve into the satisfactory reliability for whole solar mechanism. In this regard, the critical paths in reliability network which lead to reduced reliability are investigated, and improvement of the critical path are proposed, to the extend of increasing reliability by discarding redundant components for critical parts.

This paper proposes a supplementary method for conceptual design of satellite electrical power subsystem(EPS). Each of represented methods for satellite electricalpower subsystemconceptual design in different references have some advantages and also disadvantages, besides in each of the methods a determined part of this subsystem has been in focused. In this research, first advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches for the conceptual design of electrical power subsystemwere reviewed, continued with combining of previous methods, improved relationships and using some of the simulation methods plus the using of statistical databases, a complementary method with more ascendency and less disadvantages in comparison with other approaches was presented. Finally, using a data from a specific satellite and the results of the statistical design, the complementary method has been validated.