جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Oil » در نشریات گروه « مهندسی شیمی، نفت و پلیمر »

In order to determine a suitable alternative welding method for substituation of fusion and resistance welding in oil and gas industry, a new method of projection friction stir spot welding with constant diameter and depth of protrusion is herein used for welding of 2024 aluminum sheets. By studying the previous research that was done on the friction stir spot welding of this material, the rotational speed of 800rpm is chosen for this purpose.For this purpose, the microstructure along with corrosion behavior of projection friction stir spot welding of Al2024 joints is investigated as a novel welding technique in oil and gas sector which produces reliable, safe, smooth and keyhole-free joints. The microstructural changes of different welding areas are studied by novel field emission scanning electron microscopy and consequently the hardness profiles of different areas is drawn. The effect of corrosive oil solution containing salts on welded specimens is studied and various types of pitting and intergranular corrosion are observed in different welding areas. Eventually, accumulation of corrosion products are observed in the stirred area of the weld and the TMAZ shows the highest rate of intergranular corrosion.

Annually, huge amount of money is lost due to corrosion problems in upstream and downstream oil and gas industries. In order to control the corrosion costs, recently, the corrosion control/corrosion management concept is developed. The aim of corrosion management philosophy is to reduce the corrosion costs and increase the safety by re-evaluation process in different stages of the project. Material selection process is one of key stages in integration assurance of the system, which plays important role in overall corrosion control process. Some important parameters in selecting suitable materials for using in a given working and environmental condition includes: design pressure and temperature, weldability, costs and corrosion concerns. Nowadays, the last one attracted attentions of the both researchers and owners. Codes like ISO 21457 necessitate providing Material Selection Procedure Report before proceeding executive steps of the project. Without any specific material selection procedure; the material selection process will be a complex and confusing task because of the diversity in codes and fluid service conditions. The aim of this study is to introduce researchers and engineering with corrosion concerns especially in CO2, H2S and salt contained services and the solutions which are normally employed in upstream oil industry to deal with associated problems. Towards, environmental deterioration problems in Iranian oil and gas fields are discussed and the related treatments are presented.

The increase in population and the expansion of industries have led to the pollution and reduction of many natural resources, including water resources. Widespread use of these resources in domestic, agricultural and industrial uses has led to the entry of pollutants and limited water resources. One of these industries is the oil and gas industry and related sectors, such as petrochemicals, which introduce many pollutants such as heavy metals, aromatics, etc. into water sources. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct use of these resources and strategies for treatment and reuse of wastewater. Various methods are used for wastewater treatment such as flocculation, adsorption, filtration, etc., but each of them has some limitations such as low efficiency or high cost. The use of nanotechnology is one of the solutions that has recently been considered. This method improves performance by reducing the dimension of material to nanometers. There are different types of nanomaterials that due to their unique properties such as larger surface area, ability to work at low concentrations, etc., have great potential for treating contaminated water very effectively. Studies show they can be used in various forms such as nano-adsorbents, nano-membranes, nano-filters and nano-photocatalysts to remove or reduce contaminants specially from oil, gas and petrochemical wastewater. In this review, the importance and application of nanotechnology has been discussed in wastewater treatment in oil, gas and petrochemical.

Herein a quenched-flow kinetic technique was applied to calculate the rate constants of 1-hexene and 1-octene oligomerization catalyzed by the Cp2ZrCl2 and Cp2HfCl2/MAO catalyst systems, and subsequently a mechanism for the higher α-olefin oligomerization reaction was proposed. The oligomerization results showed that Zr-based catalyst in the oligomerization of 1-octene had the highest activity of 17 in comparison to Hfbased one with an activity value of 15 g oligomer/(mmolCat.h)). According to the obtained results, increasing monomer length led to a shift in molecular weight and polydispersity index value (Mw/Mn) to lower values. Furthermore, the microstructure-viscosity relationship was followed by the calculation of branching ratio and short-chain branching percentage. The obtained results revealed that, the oligomers synthesized by the Cp2HfCl2 catalyst had lower short chain branching ratio value and short-chain branching percentages. According to the kinetic results, the initiation rate constant (ki) of Zr-based catalyst was higher than that of Hf-based catalyst, and the order of calculated propagation rate constants was Zr>Hf for both the 1-hexene and 1-octene-based oligomerizations.

The current work investigates the performance of a single-stage, bench-scale system using a spray dryer to treat produced water. The produced water is generated in three large reservoirs of Ahvaz, Maroon, and Mansouri fields, which have different compositions but the same high total dissolved solids (TDS) and total organic carbon (TOC). The results of this study indicate that the newly developed bench scale rig is able to reduce the amount of TDS in the water produced in Ahvaz, Maroon, and Mansouri reservoirs to 98.78, 98.65, and 98.90, and TOC decreases the three types of the produced water to zero. Investigating the effect of independent parameters on the performance of this system using response surface methodology shows that the most effective parameters affecting the efficiency of the produced water treatment system are the entering carrier gas temperature (TGIT), the flow rate of the produced water (QL), the carrier gas flow rate entering the spray dryer (QG), and the atomizer pore size (d). Additionally, the optimal conditions are obtained as follows: TGIT = 113.7 °C, QL = 20.8 cc/min, QG = 59.9 m3/hr., and d = 0.03 mm.