جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « oil » در نشریات گروه « فنی و مهندسی »

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a significant technology in the industrial and academic sectors, particularly in the context of the fourth-generation industry. Encouraging industries, including oil, gas, and electric power sectors to adopt IoT technology expeditiously is crucial due to its numerous advantages. This article focuses on the oil and gas and electric power industry, which is a vital sector in any country, and emphasizes the need for the accelerated implementation of IoT to unlock its potential benefits. Despite the potential of IoT to achieve important and innovative changes in oil, gas, and electric power industries, surveys indicate a slow adoption trend in Iran. Thus, this research aims to identify and model the drivers that influence the implementation of IoT in Iran's oil, gas, and electric power industry supply chain. The research consists of two stages: the identification of drivers through literature review and assessment using the Delphi method and the presentation of a model of drivers using fuzzy total interpretive structural modeling. The results, comprising 75 drivers categorized into 14 general categories, highlight "government regulations" as the most fundamental driver in Iran's oil, gas, and electric power industry supply chain.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different salts on improving the performance of cationic surfactants in terms of the dynamic interfacial strength between the surface of water and oil. Increasing production from oil reservoirs has been a major concern for oil companies. Capillary forces inside the holes cause oil to be trapped between them and it is considered as an unproductive phase. Surfactant flooding is a technique to increase oil recovery in which the phase behavior inside the reservoir can be manipulated by injecting surfactants. The results showed the effect of divalent salts on the improvement of surfactant performance. Also, based on the experiments and previous studies, it can be concluded that the presence of salt in water reduces the interfacial tension force. In addition, divalent salts have a greater effect in reducing interfacial tension compared to monovalent salts.

As oil and gas resources play an essential role in energy, oil and gas industry technologies have also developed rapidly in recent years, such as smart drilling technology, smart oil and gas transmission pipelines, and digital offshore platforms. The oil and gas industry has four aspects: business, management and decision-making, monitoring and cyber security. Finally, the state of application programs, the level of understanding of block chain in the security of the Internet of Things in the oil and gas industry, opportunities, challenges and risks and the development process are examined. Therefore, the main goal of the research is to provide a model of block chain mechanisms for the security of the Internet of Things in the Iranian National Oil Company. The nature of the current research is exploratory and qualitative data is used in it. The statistical population of the research is the experts and professors of doctorate in management and information technology in the oil and gas industry (NISOC). In this context, the researcher used the snowball method to achieve theoretical saturation, and the researcher achieved theoretical saturation after structured interviews with 10 elites and experts. Data analysis was done with the qualitative method of Foundation Data Theory and Maxqda2020 software. The findings indicate that the causal factors affecting the block-chain mechanisms for the cyber security of the Internet of Things in the oil and gas industry in the form of three concepts, including data aggregation and storage (network), validation and identity management and key management and data encryption were identified. Also, influential background factors include nine concepts of financial resources, management, distribution of infrastructure services, data confidentiality, system stability, scalability, accessibility, transparency, expertise. and intervening (environmental) factors include seven concepts of environment. Operational standards, standards and procedures are the nature of data for mechanisms in various industries, social environment, cultural environment, government laws and regulations, political relations and the strategies of block chain mechanisms for the cyber security of the Internet of Things, in the form of six concepts of electronic health, creating a secure layer, smart transportation, smart networks, the use of smart block chain contracts, the design of industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) devices, and the consequences And the results of the implementation of block chain. Mechanisms for the cyber security of the Internet of Things in the oil and gas industry of the National Company of the Southern Oil Rich Regions(Nisoc), including the attitude of reducing production costs, high capacity for storage, intelligent field, organizational agility, environmental dynamics, security, System accessibility, improvement of the user interface, the quality of information (distribution and variety of information) and the speed of data processing.

In this study, distilled water was used as a sustainable solvent for extracting oil from peanuts using a salt-aided microwave technique. Furthermore several critical parameters were considered to achieve an optimal oil yield result. The oil extraction yield was compared to that obtained by soxhlet (43%) with n-hexan. In aqueous salt-aided microwave extraction (ASME) method, NaCl and CaCl2 were considered to promote the oil-water demulsification. Accordance to the results, an oil extraction yield of 32.08% was obtained at optimum operating conditions including of the calcium chloride concentration of 0.4 M, water to sample ratio of 20 ml/g, leaching time of 120 min, microwave radiation time of 8 min and microwave power of 720 w. The GC analysis did not show significant differences between the fatty acids profile of the oil extracted through the ASME and the soxhlet extraction (SOXE) methods. In both the extraction methods oleic and linoleic acid were the dominant fatty acids in the peanut oil. Some of the physicochemical properties of the oil such as acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, density and refract index were considered that there were no considerable differences between the two methods, just the acid value of the extracted oil by the ASME method was slightly more than the SOXE method. Also, the research on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracted oil showed slightly better results for the ASME method compared to the SOXE method. So the ASME method is a valid technique to obtain an extra green part of peanut oil to consume in the food industry.

In today's highly competitive markets, it is impossible to eliminate or ignore the resources of turbulence. Hence, supply chain managers must accept uncertainty and look for an approach to adapt to such conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a supply chain agility model with fuzzy DEMATEL approach in the oil and gas industry in Khuzestan Province. This research was quantitative research with fuzzy DEMATEL approach. The statistical population of the present research consisted of experts in the oil and gas industries in Khuzestan Province. Based on this,10 experts were interviewed from the oil and gas industries in Khuzestan Province. Supply chain agility factors in the oil and gas industries included flexibility, competitive price, reliability, responsiveness, customer relations, quality, speed, availability, innovation, and up-to-date and competence. The required data was collected using a pairwise comparison questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, the fuzzy DEMATEL approach and sensitivity analysis with Excel software were used. Findings showed that the factors of flexibility, competitive price, quality, availability and innovation and up-to-date were in the group of causal variables and the factors of reliability, responsiveness, customer relations, speed and competence were in the group of effect variables. The findings of sensitivity analysis also revealed that for every 10% change in the independent variables of flexibility, or responsiveness, or competency, the supply chain agility increased by 1.1%. In addition, the findings demonstrated that for every 10% change in the independent variables of customer relationship, speed, or availability, the supply chain agility increased by 1%.

The possibility of storing carbohydrates for countries that export these products allows them to have the upper hand in international negotiations and bargaining in addition to maintaining the production process. Since surface reservoirs have many limitations and also have low reliability in terms of security, it is necessary for countries to turn to strategic (subsurface) reservoirs for oil and gas storage. The purpose of this research is to prioritize the desired locations for the construction of strategic oil and gas reservoirs in Iran. In this research, the identification of strategic and important criteria for the location of subsurface reservoirs by experienced experts using the free questionnaire was the first tool in identifying the optimal location criteria, and the results were screened by a team of experts. A total of 22 criteria were identified for prioritizing the desired location, and the experts (including 10 experts) prioritized the locations first by using the analytical hierarchy process method, and then by adding restrictions to the results of the analytical hierarchy process, a linear programming model was created. Defined that the results obtained from its solution show that the most important criteria in prioritizing reservoirs are geotechnical limitations and issues related to costs. It was also determined that the most suitable places for the construction of strategic reservoirs are the cities of Gachsaran, Chabahar, Ganaveh, Parsian and Jask respectively. The final desirable result of this research was the selection of the twin cities of Gachsaran, Chabahar and Ganaveh for the strategic storage of underground reservoirs.</em>

Although groundwater withdrawal is considered to be the main and most common cause of land subsidence, extraction of oil and gas, or minerals from beneath the earth's surface also results in land subsidence. Land subsidence over oil and gas fields leads to several natural and manufactured disasters such as critical and strategic infrastructure destruction. In addition, it imposes significant costs on the oil industry, which indicates the need to control and monitor land subsidence in oil fields. Due to irrecoverable damage caused by this phenomenon, it is necessary to regularly monitor areas subject to subduction in oil and gas fields. There are different ways to measure crustal deformation in Geomatics engineering based on geodetic and remote sensing technologies. Despite high accuracy, the use of geodetic techniques such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to regularly monitor crustal deformation in a wide coverage is limited by some disadvantages like discontinuous data collection, the need for installation of the equipment on the ground or direct contact with the ground which is time- and cost-consuming. InSAR technology has been widely used in recent decades to monitor crustal deformations with high spatiotemporal resolution and lower cost and time. This study aims to present a new methodology based on the Persistent Scatterer-InSAR (PS-InSAR) method to investigate the correlation between land subsidence and petroleum extraction in the southwestern region of Iran with active oil and gas fields during two periods from 2017/04 to 2017/10 and from 2019/04 to 2019/10, respectively with the highest and lowest petroleum extraction. The results showed that subductions of 10 to 30 cm during the period of 2017/04 to 2017/10 with an annual rate of 20 to 50 cm have occurred in southwestern Iran around the active oil fields which might be due to the significant petroleum extraction since 2016.

In this research, the performance of a flat-plate solar still at three slope angles of 15°, 30°, and 45° with the presence of porous material of pressed wool and heat absorbent oil in Dezful city of Iran has been investigated experimentally. The surface of the absorber plate is covered by porous material and oil circulates in the pipes connected to the absorber plate in a closed cycle. Results indicated that the energy efficiency using porous materials at slope angles of 15, 30, and 45 degrees is equal to 16.16%, 15.15% and 9.71%, respectively, and without using porous materials is equal to16.39%, 14.48% and 7.62%. In addition, the exergy efficiencies at the slope angles of 15, 30 and 45 degrees with the presence of porous materials is 1.65%, 6.65% and 4.78% respectively, and without the presence of porous materials is equal to 1.51%, 7.28% and 3.45%. The results showed that the maximum amount of distilled water produced at slope angle of 15 degree and in the state of not using porous material is equal to 3300 ml in a period of 11 hours.

Graphene oxide is considered as a new type of membrane material. However, it suffers from a low steady-state filtration flux as well as unstable performance, which limits its practical applications. For this reason, the aim of this study was to combine GO with layered double hydroxides (LDH), with bilayer hydrophilic transport channels and positively charged surface in different weight ratios (i.e. 5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5) is The optimized GO-Mg/Al/Zn-LDH was then combined with chitosan (CS) and coated on stainless steel mesh (mesh) to obtain a membrane with high stable flux that is hydrophilic and superoleophobic under water. The layer-by-layer (LBL) hybrid network morphology was fully characterized and investigated for the removal of heavy crude oil from water surfaces, with a separation efficiency higher than 99.5% (ɳ%) and a water flux of Lm-2.h-1 It showed 160222 ± 102 under the force of gravity. In addition, the exceptional mechanical/chemical stability, effective separation, high water flux, reusability and excellent superhydrophilicity, LBL hybrid mesh can be considered as a promising renewable membrane for the treatment of oily water (water containing oil droplets).

In this paper, the effects of some field factors in the non-destructive evaluation of the corrosion rate of the floor of oil storage tanks have been investigated using the magnetic flux leakage method at the industrial level. For this purpose, the effect of factors such as the cathodic protection system on the tank, the presence of waste, the presence of metal attachments (spot welding or spatter), distortion of the tank and the coating thickness of plate on the accuracy of the assessment of the size of defects in different situations have been studied. The field inspections were carried out in two oil tanks using the MFL3DiM magnetic flux leakage unit on the detected defects. Two standard steel blocks with thicknesses of 6 and 8 mm and 4 specific defects in different sizes (20, 40, 60 and 80% of the plate thickness) was used for setting and calibrating the device. Ultrasonic thickness measurement was also used to verify the results of MFL measurement.  In addition, the MFL results were clarified by an ultrasonic thickness measuring unit. The results of the evaluations showed that when the cathodic protection system is turn on, it caused a decrease in the measurement accuracy and the corrosion defects with a less than 22 mass loss percent are not identified. Also, the presence of a metal attachments (welding spot) with a height of 5 mm caused defects with a corrosion depth of less than 25% not to be detected. On the other hand, it was observed that the presence of attachments and waste on the bottom of the tank caused the error in detecting the depth of corrosion to be greater than the length and width of the defect. The presence of waste on the bottom of the tank caused defects with a corrosion depth of less than 18% not to be detected. Distortion in the bottom sheet of the tank caused false defects to be detected in the sheet and the dimensions of the real defects were reported completely wrongly. The presence of a coating with a thickness of more than 3000 micrometers made the defects of the calibration plates undetectable. Additional investigations showed that if the difference in the thickness of the non-magnetic coating on the sheet is higher than 500 micrometers, the dimensions of the detected defects are unrealistic and unreliable.

Large amounts of oil remain in the reservoir in conventional oil production. Strategies for extracting residual oil in the reservoir are called enhanced oil recovery(EOR). One of the usual methods of EOR is the WAG injection. The study of this injection method in a two-dimensional porous medium has been less considered. In this study, two porous mediums are made using a 3D printer. One is simple(S), and the other has a horizontal fracture(F). Nitrogen gas and water have been used in three different scenarios, in the form of a single injection of gas, a single injection of water, and the alternating injection of both, in order to increase the oil recovery. Then, by image processing, the recovery rate of each injection scenario is calculated. This study shows that the WAG injection in S sweeps about 55% of the media, which is more than 6 times the injection of gas alone and more than 2.5 times the injection of water alone. WAG injections in the F also sweep about 38% of the media, which is more than 2.5 times than the other injections scenario. The reason for the difference in recovery rate between the two media in WAG injection is the negative impact of fracture. Also, the difference between WAG injection and single injections can be found in the pressure gradian diagram.