جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « fcr » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Cyanothece sp. on growth indices, survival rate and feed conversion ratio of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) for 60 days in Chabahar fisheries research center. 240 individual with an average weight of 3.03 ±0.017 g were distributed in 12 tanks with a density of 20 shrimp per liter of storage. Treatment were 0 (control), 100 (treatment 1), 200 (treatment 2) and 300 (treatment 3) mg/kg extract of Cyanothece sp. Growth indices were examined including mean weight, total length, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency and survival as 3 meals per day and at the end of the period. The results showed 200 mg/kg of microalgae extract had a positive and significant effect on survival parameters (P<0.05). Mean weight, length and specific growth coefficient (SGR) of shrimp fed a diet containing 200 mg / kg of extract 13.88 g, 13.03 cm and 2.56% were significantly higher than the measured values in other treatments, respectively. While due to the significant increase in feed conversion ratio (FCE) in shrimp treated with 200 mg / kg, the rate of feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower than other shrimps. It is concluded the use of microalgae extract can have a positive effect on growth rate, survival rate and persistence of young western white shrimp.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using biosilage produced from chicken waste and to replace this product in the diet of rainbow trout instead of fish meal. Because biosilage has higher properties and lower prices than fish meal. For this purpose, after producing biosilage based on fermentation of autogenous bacteria, is added to the diet formulation in the form of two treatments of 50% biosilage -50% fish meal and 100% biosilage and the growth performances and feed efficiency (WG, CF, SGR, FCR, PER) indices of these two treatments along with the control treatment (100% fish meal) on days 30 and 50 were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the indicators of WG, CF and SGR, in the treatment with 50% biosilage -50% fish meal are significantly higher than the other two treatments. It was also found that this treatment is more favorable than the other two treatments in terms of FCR and PER. According to the results, biosilage produced from chicken waste is a good alternative to fish meal. In addition, 50% biosilage-50 fish meal treatment is more desirable in terms of growth and feed index than 100% fish meal and 100% biosilage treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of saffron petal extract on growth performance, carcass components, immune response and antioxidant status in broiler chicks. A total of 200 broiler chicks were distributed in 4 treatments including 5 replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. Dietary treatments were involved control group and the levels of 300, 500 and 700 milligrams of petal extract of saffron per kg diet (ppm). The broiler chicks were fed in three feeding periods including starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days), and finisher period (25-42 days) and as the same time the performance data including feed intake, body weight gain and FCR were recorded. For immune response, in the days of 14 and 35 days, sheep red blood cell were injected and the blood samples were gathered at 42 days. The data analysis were revealed that levels of 500 and 700 mg of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron increased body weight and reduced feed conversion ratio. The feed intake increased at level 500 and decreased at 700 levels as compared to control. Saffron petal extract at levels higher than 500 decreased the serum concentration of cholesterol, LDL blood and abdominal fat relative weight, and increased serum HDL and bursa of fabricus percentages compared to controls. Saffron petal hydroalcoholic extract increased the titer of secondary antibody against SRBC and antibody titer against Newcastle disease at 24 and 42 days at the levels of 500 and 700 mg Saffron petals’ extract, but the levels of extract did not affect the titer of IgM and IgG and the ratio of heterophil to lymphocyte. Saffron petal extract compared to control increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase enzymes and reduced the activity of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde.

In order to investigate the effects of Aqueous extract of phenolic compounds in green hulls of two varieties Pistachios green hull Kaleghochi and Fandoghi on performance and carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters and immune response of broiler, a total of 220 male day old chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to 20 experimental units in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replicates and 11 birds each. Treatments were 0, 200 and 400 mg/kg of water extract of Kaleghochi and 200 and 400 mg/kg of water extract of fandoghi. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured at the end of each of three nutrition periods including starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and end (25-46 days). Two birds of each replicate were slaughtered and bleed to measure the blood biochemical parameters and immune system at 24 and 46 days. Results were indicated that the body weight gain and feed intake were higher in 400mg/kg Kaleghochi pistachio hulls extract as compared to control. The FCR were decreased when birds fed 400mg/kg Kaleghochi pistachio hulls extract. There were no significant differences among treatments for relative weight of carcass organs except for abdominal fat. The both pistachio hulls extract decreased the abdominal fat, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL (P<0.05). The enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase was decreased when birds fed both pistachio hulls extract. The pistachio hull extract improved the immune response against SRBC as compared to control. It is concluded that supplementation of Kaleghochi and/or Fandoghi pistachio hulls extract may improve the performance, immune response, decrease abdominal fat and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens.

Most parts of Iran are located in arid and semi-arid areas which animals undergo feed shortage due to poor natural vegetation. Metabolic modifiers such as anabolic steroids, somatotropin, beta agonists, vitamins and minerals, fed in extra-nutritional levels, increase growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass leanness, profitability of livestock production and decrease carcass fatness. Moreover, heat and transportation stress results in decreased feed intake, body weight, average daily gain and reproductive performance of animals. Chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) are micronutrients which could be considered as metabolic modifiers. It has been reported that dietary Se supplementation improves reproductive performance, oxidative stress, immune system, as well as growth performance of the animals. Cr supplement, as a constituent of low-molecular-weight Cr-binding substance (LMWCr) or chromodulin, also increases glucose tolerance by potentiating the action of insulin. However, there are a few information regarding the effects of organic Se and Cr supplements on performance and blood metabolites of ewe lambs under transportation stress. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of feeding selenium-methionine (Se-Met) and Chromium-methionine (Cr-Met) supplements on growth performance and blood metabolites of ewe lambs.
Twenty-four Baluchi ewe lambs with mean body weight of 24.2 ± 0.4 kg and 4 months old were allocated randomly to 4 dietary treatments including (1) control diet (no Se or Cr supplementation), and control diet supplemented with (2) Se-Met (1.5 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM)), (3) Cr-Met (0.8 mg kg-1DM) and (4) Se-Cr-Met (1.5 mg of Se-Met plus 0.8 mg of Cr-Met kg-1DM).The whole experimental period divided into two periods of adaptation (2 weeks) and data collection (9 weeks). A transportation stress was applied by transporting the animals in a truck in a bumpy road for 30 minutes in 8th week of the experiment. Blood samples were collected at commencement and the end of experiment. For transportation stress, blood samples were obtained just before the lambs were loaded and unloaded from the truck. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer and cortisol by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS software. A mixed model with fixed effects of treatment, time and random effect of lamb within treatment × time were used. A paired T-test was used to compare the blood metabolite concentrations pre-transportation with post-transportation stress.
The results indicated that, feeding ewe lambs diets contained organic Se and Cr supplements improved average daily gain )ADG( and feed conversion ratio (FCR: control, Se, Cr, and Se-Cr were 5.99, 5.41, 5.22, 5.45 respectively). Lambs in Cr-Met group showed the highest feed intake and live weight gain compared those in the control. Blood glucose concentration decreased in Cr-Met fed lambs in comparison with control animals. Feeding Se-Met and/or Cr-Met supplements had no effect on blood urea, creatinine, cholesterol, total protein and albumin concentrations. Based on the findings, blood glucose and cortisol concentrations were increased in response to transportation stress. Feeding Cr reduced the concentration of blood cortisol. It seems that the beneficial effects of Cr are associated with its role in carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. Chromium potentiates insulin action by enhancing its binding to target cell receptors and also by improving its post-receptor signaling. Insulin increases protein synthesis, efficiency of amino acid transport, and carbohydrate and lipid utilization and reduces protein degradation. Selenium supplements also improve feed efficiency by increasing triiodothyronine activity and enhancing antioxidant status. Moreover, Cr can prevent the deleterious effects of transportation stress.
It could be concluded that feeding ewe lambs with organic selenium (0.8 mg kg-1) and chromium (1.5 mg kg-1) supplements may improve feed to gain ratio and ameliorate the changes in blood glucose and cortisol concentrations in response to transportation stress.

In order to, evaluation of the effect of tomato waste powder (skin, seed and pulp) of diet on growth performance, feed efficiency indices and combination of carcass of Pangasiussutchi, number of 150 Pangasiussutchi fishes with weight mean at 7.51 ± 1.94 gwithcompletelyrandomizedweredistributed in five testing group and in 15 number plastic tub with 60 liter capacity (5 treatment and 3 repeat) with 10 number fish in per tub, with identical environmental conditions. After one week adaptation, fishes were fed with five levels of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g tomato waste powder/kg diet for 8 weeks. Feeding rate was 3% of biomass weight and twice per day. According to the obtained results, adding the tomato waste powder to the feed diet of Pangasiussutchi fish up to the 200 g/kg diet, cause slight improving the growth indicators, efficiency of feeding and combination of carcass in this fish but don’t indicate significant different with control treatment. Beside, based on chemical analyze of combination carcass, the fat of carcass in treatment with 200 g tomato waste powder were significantly lower than the control treatment (p

This study was performed in order to study of the effectiveness applying Copper Sulfate, Potassium Permanganate and one of the new antiseptic material namely Desogerm 2A on mortality rate, rearing period and food conversation rate(FCR) of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Total number of 10000 Rainbow Trout with average weight of (21±2 gr) classified to 4 different groups (3 treatments and 1 control group) were exposure to Desogerm2A, Copper Sulfate and Potassium Permanganate. The experimental treatments were immersed with concentration of 20,2,2 (ppm), for one hour every 15 days short time bathing until final weight (255±5 gr) at water temperature around (13.5 ± 0.5 cº). All treatments were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. Therefore, the results suggested the lowest values of FCR and rearing period which were estimated to be 1.3:1 and 160 days, respectively. The value of average mortality rate percentage (0.723±0.036) was related to group1(Desogerm 2A), too. Additionally, the FCR results indicated the significance decrease for treatment group1 in comparison with other group (p<0.05). The results showed a decreased significant outcome of growth periods among treatments and control group. Also, the value of this parameter showed significant difference among treatment groups (p<0.05).

To improve Persian sturgeon nutrition and determine its nutritional requirements, a growth trial was conducted to measure optimum dietary protein to energy ratio in Persian sturgeon sub-yearlings. Four diets: H (p/E=21.33mg/kJ), N (P/E=20.24mg/kJ), L (P/E=19.22 mg/kJ) and M (p/E=18.26mg/kJ)were used in the experiment. Triplicate groups of fish were kept in 500L fiberglass tanks under homogenous culture conditions (dissolved oxygen, light and water flow rate) and fed with the experimental diets. Fish were fed to satiation four times per day during 130 days of experiment when the average water temperature and dissolved oxygen were 12.82±1.48°C and 9.55±0.18mg/l respectively. Fish in all treatments grew fast and efficiently utilized the diets. Growth rate, FE, OR, SGR and PER increased with decreasing dietary protein to energy ratios. A higher growth was observed in the fishes fed with lower PIE ratios. Food intake and fatness coefficient increased with increasing dietary energy and decreasing PIE ratios. There were no significant differences in feeding efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish fed with diet N (high carbohydrate and low lipid content) and diet L (low carbohydrate and high lipid content). We conclude that the Persian sturgeon is able to use lipids and carbohydrates as non-protein sources of energy. The results of the present study demonstrated that the protein content and PIE ratio for optimum growth and efficient protein utilization in Persian sturgeon is 40% and 18.3-19.2mg protein/kJ energy, respectively.