جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "growth performance" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

In this study, the effects of low protein diet containing 0 (control), 2 (B1), 4 (B2) and 8% (B3) Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth and immunity performance of common carp and water quality of culture system were evaluated for 56 days. The 204 fish with the mean weight of 13.14±0.33 g were distributed into 12 culture tanks in triplicates. The results showed that 2% of yeast in the diet (B1) can improve the final weight (25.05±0.92 g) (P<0.05) and reduce the food conversion ratio (1.21±0.08). Also, in the treatment of 2% yeast (B1), the activities of digestive enzymes amylase, lipase and protease intestinal had a statistically significant increase compared to other experimental treatments (P<0.05). The diet containing 2% yeast significantly increased the activity of lysozyme and total immunoglobulin in serum (26.47±0.42 u/ml/min and 16.02±0.11 mg/ml, respectively), while serum ACH50 had no statistically significant difference among treatments (P≤0.05). The total ammonia (TAN) concentration was significantly lower in B1 and B2 biofloc treatments compared to other experiments (P<0.05). Based on the present results, the diet containing 2% yeast in treatment B1 can improve the activity of digestive enzymes, growth performance and immune responses of common carp grown in biofloc environment.

This 70-day experiment examined the effect of protease added to the commercial feed of Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) at concentrations of 0 (control group), 75 mg (T1 treatment), 150 mg (T2 treatment) and 300 mg (T3 treatment) per kg of diet on growth parameters and carcass composition. a number of 180 juvenile Sterlet with an average body weight of 6.02±0.34 g was randomly divided into 12 fibreglass tanks with stocking density  of 15 fish per each tank. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters indicated a significant difference between experimental treatments compared to the control group (p<0.05). The highest final weight (66.45 ± 0.33 g), weight gain (59.44 ± 0.52 g), specific growth rate (1.39 ± 0.02 %/day), protein efficiency ratio (2.43±0.11) and the lowest food conversion ratio (0.84±0.04) were measured in T3 treatment. However, the highest amount of condition factor (2.34±0.08%) was recorded in the T2 treatment (p<0.05). The carcass composition showed a significant increase between all the investigated indices in the experimental treatments compared to the control group (p<0.05). The highest amounts of dry matter (26.54±0.06%) and crude protein (15.27±0.02%) were measured in the T3 treatment. The highest amount of crude fat (8.07±0.05%) was in the T1 treatment. The highest amount of ash (2.27±0.02%) was observed in the T2 treatment. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that protease in concentrations of 75 to 300 mg per kg positively affected the growth and chemical composition of carcass A. ruthenus.

Aquaculture development is challenged with limitation and high costs of supplying protein diets, so searching for alternative protein sources in fish diets is inevitable (Tacon, 2020). Insect meals are considered as a promising substitution protein ingredients last decades (Alfiko et al., 2022). Among candidates’ insect meals, Silkworm is well-balanced in protein as well as lipid and can be served as feedstuff (Mahanta et al., 2023). A study conducted to investigate if low level of silk worm pupa inclusion in fingerling Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) diet could provide a protein source replacement accompanying with high benefit for the species.

Fingerling Beluga sturgeons (5±0.2 g, mean±SE) fed with experimental diets for a period of 8 weeks. Four experimental diets includes: no (SWP) inclusion as a control treatment (T0), 5, 10 and 15 percent (SWP) substitution referred as (T5, T10 and T15) treatments. At the end of the experiment, Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) calculated to assess the diets quality on fish production. Hepatic enzyme (ALP, AST, and ALT) and serum biochemical (IgM, total protein and lysozyme) analyzed for revealing the health status of fish.

(SWP) treatments, in particular (T15) had a significant increase in (WG) compared to the control group (p<0.05). (SGR) as well as (CF) in (SWP) treatments showed no significant differences compare to the (T0) (p<0.05). (FCR) was significantly improved among (SWP) treatments, although the difference was not significant (p<0.05). Serum lysozyme, Serum immunoglobin and total protein in (T10) and (T15) were significantly increased compared to the control group, (T0) (p<0.05).

Our findings indicate the protein level adjusts and fixes with the (SWP) was efficiently enough to be replaced with fish meal in fingerling Beluga sturgeon (H. huso). The results of (SGR) as well as (CF) suggest that the replacement level could be changes to more to get a differently improved result. Hepatic enzymes showed that (SWP) did not affect impairment in digestive tract.  What’s more, blood biochemical analysis showed that (SWP) can have immunomodulatory effects on fingerling Beluga sturgeons (Zhou et al., 2022)

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth indicators, carcass composition, activity of some digestive enzymes and survival of beluga (Huso huso) larvae. For this purpose, the total number of 10800 beluga larvae, with initial weight of 0.048+0.001 g, were randomly stocked in 36 500-liter fiberglass tanks containing 100 liters of well water, for 31 days with a feeding frequency of 6 and 12 times a day using Artemia nauplii, Artemia biomass, Daphnia, chironomid larvae and formulated diet were reared. The results showed that, feeding larvae with chironomid larvae or Artemia biomass, could increase the survival rate and weight of larvae, respectively. The survival percentage of the treatments on different days after hatching of the larvae during 12 times of feeding per day in most treatments was significantly higher than that of 6 times of feeding per day (p<0.05). The average weight of larvae in different treatments, when feeding 12 times a day compared to feeding 6 times a day, had no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In most treatments, carcass protein content of larvae, during 12 and 6 times feeding a day, had no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). But the carcass fat content, during 12 times feeding per day in half of treatments, was significantly higher than 6 times feeding per day (p<0.05). The activity of pepsin, trypsin and lipase enzymes, during 12 times feeding a day was significantly more than 6 times a day feeding. Totally, feeding larvae 12 times a day was preferable to feeding 6 times a day, based on improvement of survival of larvae, condition factore and activity of enzymes.

Studies on nutrient utilization and growth performance of Beluga (Huso huso) raised on five feeding schedules (treatment 1 continuously fed plant protein diet, treatment 2 continuously fed fish meal diet, treatment 3 alternate feeding of a 1-day plant protein diet; followed by a 1-day fish meal diet, treatment 4 plant protein diet in the morning fallowed by fish meal diet in the afternoon and treatment 5 fish meal diet in the morning followed by plant protein diet in the afternoon) in 3 replication (20 fish in each repetition) under laboratory conditions showed that continuous feeding with Fish meal diet (treatment 2) resulted in maximum growth, which was not significantly different from treatments 4 and 5 (p<0.05). While feeding with plant protein diet (treatment 1) and feeding every other day (treatment 3) led to a decrease in fish growth performance (p<0.05). In terms of protein digestibility, the best treatments were 2, 4 and 5, which did not show any significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). The highest amount of muscle arginine belonged to treatments 2, 4 and 5, which was significantly higher than muscle arginine of fish fed with treatments 1 and 3 (p<0.05). Also, the highest amount of glycine was observed in treatment 5, which was not significantly different from other treatments except treatment 1. No significant difference was observed in the amounts of other muscle amino acids of the experimental treatments (p<0.05). The obtained results showed that the alternating change of the dietary protein source during one day (morning and evening and vice versa) does not have any negative effect on the growth performance and feed efficiency, and in most of the nutritional factors, it is equal to the treatment fed with fish meal.

Lamb fattening is one of the important sources of red meat production in the country. Fattening is the management and proper feeding of livestock to obtain maximum extra weight with minimum cost in a certain period of time. The use of concentrate in the diet of fattening lambs in the country is normal and common, but what is important is the appropriate level of concentrate, or in other words, the appropriate ratio of forage to concentrate in the diet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the ratio of concentrate to forage on feed intake traits, body weight, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics of Afshari fattening male lambs.

The present study was conducted using 24 male lambs with a mean weight of 31.78 ± 1.3 kg and a mean age of 91 ± 3.13 days in four experimental groups (treatments) in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and 8 replications. The experimental treatments included diets with different ratios of forage to concentrate in the form of 30:70, 20:80 and 10:90. The experimental diet was set based on of NRC (2007) and the ingredients of the diet and their nutritional value were similar. Lambs were fed three times a day at 8, 14, and 20 until their appetite. The lambs were weighed at the end of the experiment after 16 hours of feed abstinence and six lambs from each treatment were killed. Study data was analyzed through Spss21, Excel.

A significant difference was observed between different treatments in terms of weight gain. The third treatment produced the highest daily weight gain (296 g) and the first treatment produced the lowest daily weight gain (241 g) in lambs. With the increase of concentrate, the feed intake increased due to the higher content of energy and nutrients of the concentrate compared to the forage, and the lambs that consumed more concentrate had higher body weight and slaughter weight. So that the highest amount was related to 90% concentrate and 10% forage (1.830 g) and the lowest was related to 70% concentrate and 30% forage (1.573 g). The fourth treatment had a numerically lower feed conversion ratio (6.18) compared to the other two treatments. The mean final weight of lambs, hot and cold carcass weight showed a significant difference among experimental treatments.

According to the obtained results, the reduction of forage did not cause any production problems in these animals. Increasing the concentrate and reducing the forage in the diet increases the amount of feed intake and increases the daily weight and overall higher final weight in fattening lambs, and also improves the feed conversion ratio, growth performance and carcass percentage.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary artichoke level on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma parameters in fattening male lambs. Twenty-four Kurdish lambs (30.18 ± 2.35 kg BW and 7 months age) were used in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were diet containing 0% artichoke (control), diets containing 10 and 20% artichoke respectively. The experiment was lasted for 100 days including 20 days for adaptation period and 80 days for data recording and samples collection. Results showed that lambs fed diet containing artichoke had greater average daily gain and feed efficiency compared to the control group (P<0.05). Digestibility of dry matter (P=0.09), organic matter (P=0.09) and crude protein (P=0.10) tended to increase linearly with increasing artichoke level in the diet, whereas digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was not affected by artichoke level in the diet. Lambs fed diets containing artichoke had lower blood urea concentration compared to those fed control diet (P<0.05), but plasma glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not affected by the experimental diets. It is concluded that feeding artichoke up to 20% of total mixed ration not only had no negative effect on feed intake and nutrients digestibility but also improved growth performance of fattening lambs.

Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) is one of the important species of the Caspian Sea, and its nutrition management is one of the important goals of aquaculture in order to improve its growth and improve its immune system For this reason, the effects of rice hull extract on the growth performance, hematological and biochemical factors of beluga sturgeon were evaluated. Triplicate groups of beluga juveniles (112 ± 10 g) were placed in 12 tanks (2000) and fed with the 0, 0/5%, 1% and 2% rice hull extract for 56 days. At the end of experiment biometry was done and blood sampling was conducted. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that although the use of rice hull extract improved the growth performance, there was no significant difference between the different treatments and the control group in terms of final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate. The lowest food conversation (FCR) was observed in fish fed on 2% which had significant difference with control. However the amount of hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells showed an increasing trend with increasing the administration level of the extract, no significant difference was observed between the different treatments and the control group. MCV and MCH had the highest amount in the control group and the lowest amount in the 2% treatment. MCHC showed an increasing trend in the extract treatments. However, the amount of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the fish fed with the extract showed an upward trend compared to the control group, and the highest level was measured in the 2% treatment. Also, the activity level of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) slowly increased in fish fed on rice hull extract and there were no significant differences among control, 0/5% and 1% but a significant difference was observed between the 2% treatment and the control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that rice hull extract can improve the growth performance and health status of beluga sturgeon.

Japanese quail has a rapid growth rate (3 to 4 generations per year) and is relatively resistant to many diseases. Due to its high productivity, it has gained importance as an animal model in biological and genetic studies worldwide. Nutrition is a key factor that affects production efficiency in quails. Japanese quails require a diet that contains high-quality protein and a balanced profile of amino acids. Branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) not only contribute to protein synthesis but also play a role in other metabolic activities. Among the branched-chain amino acids, valine is a limiting amino acid in corn-soy-based diets. Protein is the most expensive component of the diet and has a significant impact on production costs in poultry. Nowadays, reducing the protein level in the diet has garnered attention for cost reduction in farming and for mitigating environmental pollution resulting from ammonia emissions and nitrogen excretion in the poultry industry. However, reducing the protein level in the feed without proper supplementation of amino acids can lead to decreased feed intake, reduced production levels, and changes in social behavior in birds. Published reports indicate that adding crystalline amino acids to low-protein diets in meat birds can have similar performance to high-protein diets at different growth stages. In most cases, valine becomes limiting with reduced protein levels in the diet. Considering the important metabolic roles of branched-chain amino acids, especially valine, in rapidly growing birds, the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of using diets containing different digestible valine levels on the performance, growth traits, and histology of the liver and magnum in Japanese quails during the growth period.

All experimental procedures for the care and use of animals in the present study were approved by the animal care committee of the University of Tehran. Thousand one-day-old quails were given 5 dietary treatments, such that each treatment was replicated 5 times and 40 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design, during 1–42 days of age. Experimental diets were formulated to meet nutrients recommendation of growing quails with different levels of dietary digestible valine concentration (0.75, 0.85, 0.95, 1.05 and 1.15 %) in diets with a low protein (17.7-17% protein). The experimental diets provided 2,9 kcal metabolizable energy per gram. Other nutrients were provided based on the recommended nutritional requirements for growing quails. Other nutrients were formulated based on the recommended nutritional requirements for growing quails. The experimental diets were adjusted for two age periods: 1-21 days and 22-42 days. The birds received 24 hours of light until three days of age, followed by 23 hours of light and one hour of darkness daily. The parameters investigated in this experiment included growth performance, feed consumption, conversion ratio and carcass performance. The bird weights were measured at the beginning of the experiment and on days 21 and 42. Feed consumption on days 21 and 42 was calculated based on the difference between the amount of feed provided and the remaining feed. The weight of dead birds was used to correct the amount of feed consumption. On day 42, one male quail and one female quail were randomly selected from each replicate and killed after 6 hours of starvation. Additionally, after sampling the liver and magnum tissues, their histomorphological characteristics (nuclear diameter of hepatocytes, diameter of sinusoids in the liver tissue; epithelial height, inner muscle thickness, outer muscle thickness, gland diameter, and gland depth in the magnum tissue) were investigated.

During the breeding period, the quails that received the diet containing 0.95% and 1.05% digestible valine had higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), respectively. Feed intake (FI) and mortality were not affected by the treatments. Dietary treatments did not have any significant effect on the carcass characteristics (both male and female). However, the carcass yield was higher in male quails and the relative weight of breast and intestines was higher in female quails. In the treatments containing 1.05% and 1.15% of valine, the diameter of Liver cell nucleus and the diameter of liver hepatocytes were the highest, which indicates liver damage. The volume of sinusoids in female birds increased with increasing valine levels in the diet; So that in birds that received diets containing levels higher than 0.95% valine was more than birds fed with rations containing 0.75% valine. Based on the results of this study, different levels of valine in diets containing 17% crude protein had a significant effect on the histology of the magnum tissue (epithelial height, inner muscle thickness, outer muscle thickness, gland diameter), although only the depth of the glands showed a tendency for significance with 0.85% valine.

Based on the results, increasing the level of digestible valine in low protein diets up to 0.95% improves growth performance and feed conversion ratio in growing quails. However, it seems that the use of high levels of digestible valine in low protein diets (more than 0.85%) may lead to tissue damage in the liver and have a negative effect on growth performance. Further studies are recommended in this field.

To optimize livestock production and health, sufficient amounts of minerals are necessary in the diet. Zinc (Zn) is a trace element and an essential mineral in animal nutrition, and is found in many enzyme systems. The presence of Zn is necessary to ensure the physiological activities of several hormones. In addition, zinc plays an essential role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and its deficiency can disrupt several vital cellular reactions. Organic sources of Zn are more biologically active than inorganic sources, and their high accessibility has led to the use of more organic Zn compounds for feeding animals. However, results comparing the bioavailability of organic and inorganic sources of zinc in ruminant nutrition differ. According to the National Research Council (2007), the recommended requirement for Zn in growing lambs is approximately 33 mg Zn/kg DM. The amount of zinc in surface soils of Iran is usually less than 0.8 mg/kg and the plants grown in these soils and used as animal feed are deficient in this element. However, a few studies have been conducted to identify the best source of zinc for growing local lambs; therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effects of supplementing 30 mg Zn/kg DM from common organic sources of zinc (zinc methionine and zinc glycine) with inorganic sources of zinc (zinc sulfate and zinc oxide) on performance, digestibility, blood and rumen parameters in crossbred Zel fattening male lambs.  

This study was conducted at the research station of the Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran. Twenty-five male lambs aged 3-4 months and with average body weight (25.5 ± 1.4 kg) were assigned to five treatments with five repetitions, as a completely randomized design for 70 days, including 2 weeks of adaptation to basal diet and 8 weeks of data collection. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) basal diet without zinc supplement (containing 19.39 mg Zn/kg DM) as the control group, 2) basal diet + 30 mg Zn/kg DM as zinc methionine, 3) basal diet + 30 mg Zn/kg DM as zinc glycine, 4) basal diet + 30 mg Zn/kg DM as zinc oxide, and 5) basal diet + 30 mg Zn/kg DM as zinc sulfate. Dry matter intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were determined. The acid-insoluble ash (AIA) internal indicator method was used to determine the apparent digestibility of feed nutrients. Blood samples were collected on the 70th day prior to the morning meal. To determine rumen parameters, rumen fluid was collected 3h after morning feed consumption. The chemical compositions of the experimental samples, including (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, NDF, and ADF) were measured according to standard methods.

The results showed that total weight gain, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in lambs received organic zinc supplements (zinc methionine and zinc glycine) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of organic matter in the diets supplemented with zinc methionine and zinc glycine was significantly higher than that of the other treatments (P<0.05). The digestibility of NDF and ADF in lambs receiving zinc methionine, zinc glycine and zinc oxide was improved compared to the treatment containing zinc sulfate and the control group (P<0.05). Serum glucose and zinc concentrations were significantly higher in all lambs receiving zinc supplements than the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in serum albumin, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, copper and iron concentrations between experimental treatments. Feeding zinc supplements had no effect on pH, ammonia nitrogen and the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid.

The results of this study show that the addition of 30 mg Zn/kg DM from organic zinc supplements (zinc glycine and zinc methionine) and inorganic zinc supplements (zinc sulfate and zinc oxide) meets the needs of growing lambs fed a basal diet containing 19.39 mg Zn/kg DM. The use of zinc supplements in the diet of fattening lambs improved growth performance, serum zinc and glucose concentrations, and crude fiber digestibility. There were no differences among the treatments supplemented with organic sources of zinc.

With the increase of the population in the last century, the need for protein sources, especially protein with animal origin, has increased. One of the important and inexpensive sources of animal proteins is poultry products. However, many food-borne diseases that are among the most obvious problems related to human health are transmitted to humans through poultry products. Generally, poultry are sensitive to pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Salmonella, and Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the main causes of bacterial enteritis in humans and account for about 90% and less than 10% of deaths in people with campylobacteriosis, respectively. Poultry farmers use antibiotic growth promoters to prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, but their use has been banned in European Union since 2006 due to antibiotic resistance. However, in order to prevent the reduction of growth performance and mortality caused by the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to introduce suitable alternatives. The antimicrobial potential of several medicinal plants, some plant-derived bioactive compoundsas well as some organic acids against a suspension of two Campylobacter serotypes (including 8 strains of C. jejuni and 3 strains of C. coli) has been investigated, under in vitro study. It has been revealed that oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon have a higher potential in reducing campylobacter colonization, among other phytobiotic compounds. Considering that under in vivo conditions, no research has been conducted on these medicinal plants with broiler chickens exposed to Campylobacter colonization. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the growth performance, excreta microbiota, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens challenged with C. jejuni and evaluating the potential of oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon in reducing the negative effects of this pathogen.

A total of 192 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 8 birds. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1-negative control (NC; basal diet without additive and without of C. jejuni); 2-positive control (PC; basal diet without additives but challenged with C. jejuni); 3-basal diet + Erythromycin (55 mg/kg); 4-basal diet + oregano powder (3 g/kg); 5- basal diet + rosemary powder (3 g/kg) and 6-basal diet+cinnamon powder (3 g/kg). All chickens were orally gavaged once a day with a suspension of C. jejuni live culture (2×108 cfu/mL, 1 mL/bird) on days 21 to 25, with the exception of those fed the NC. Throughout the experimental period, the birds were fed ad libitum and had free access to water.

The results showed that the C. jejuni, while weakening performance during the growth period, caused an increase in campylobacter colonization and a decrease in lactobacilli counts of the excreta (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the microflora can be due to the presence of antibacterial compounds such as thymol, carvacrol, verbenone, and cinnamaldehyde in the composition of the mentioned medicinal plants. Campylobacter jejuni also decreased the digestibility of organic matter and led to a decrease in villous height, villous height to crypt depth ratio, and villi surface area in the jejunum (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the intestinal morphology by herbal additives can be due to the improvement of the microflora of the digestive tract. All the negative effects arising from C. jejuni were alleviated by dietary treatments containing feed additives (P<0.05).

In general, it can be concluded that oregano and rosemary have the potential to reduce the pathogenic effects of Campylobacter jejuni and can be used as suitable alternatives to antibiotics in feeding broilers.

Ziziphus mauritiana due to having a significant amount of protein and energy has been introduced as a part of fodder for light livestock, especially in conditions of food restrictions. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Indian Ziziphus (Ziziphus mauritiana) leaves feeding on growth performance, hematology and blood biochemical parameters of Adani fattening goat kids.

In this study, 16 Adani male goat kids with an average age of 180 ± 11 days and an average weight of 17.28 ± 1.32 kg were used in a completely randomized design using 2 treatments and 8 replications. At first, based on regular random method, samples were taken from Ziziphus mauritiana leaves. In order to mix Ziziphus mauritiana leaves with other components of the ration, after drying in the sun, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves were cut into small pieces (2-3 cm). Experimental treatments include: 1) basal diet without Ziziphus mauritiana leaves (control diet), 2) basal diet with 20% Ziziphus mauritiana leaves (based on the percentage of dry matter of the ration). In the experimental diet, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves replaced with 20% of alfalfa in the control diet. In order to acclimatize the animals, a period of 15 days was considered. Goats were kept in individual stalls and fed experimental diets for 75 days. During the experiment, the feed consumed two times a day according to appetite and water was freely available to the Goats. Weighing of the goat kids was done weekly and before the morning feed, and the amount of feed given and remaining was weighed daily. On days 0, 35 and 75, blood samples were taken from the the jugular vein of goats kids and the blood parameters included RBC, WBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HGB, platelet, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, LDL, HDL. , urea, glucose, calcium and phosphorus were measured.

Investigating the growth performance did not show a significant effect between the final weight, daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of the experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results of investigation of haematological parameters showed significant changes in the average concentration of white blood cells (WBC), the average volume of red blood cells (MCV) and platelets at the 35th day, as well as the average concentration of white blood cells and platelets at the 75th day of the experiment (P<0.05). The interaction effect of the feeding level of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves and the sampling time on the blood parameters of Adani fattening goat kids had only a significant effect on the average concentration of white blood cells (P<0.05). Investigation of blood biochemical parameters only showed that feeding of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves had significant effect on the average concentration of calcium at the 35th day and the average concentration of protein at the 75th day of the experiment (P<0.05). The interaction effect of the feeding level the Ziziphus mauritiana leaves and sampling time on the blood biochemical parameters of Adani goat kids had significant effect only on the average concentration of protein of the treatments (P<0.05).

Finally, the results of this study showed that Ziziphus mauritiana leaves can be used up to 20% of the forage consumption of Adni fattening goat kids without negative effect on haematological and blood biochemical parameters.