جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « iron deficiency » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Accurately and promptly monitoring the nutritional conditions of fruit orchards is crucial for providing optimal fertilizer recommendations, which in turn improves yield and enhances the quality of agricultural products. The current laboratory methods used to evaluate nutritional condition in fruit trees are expensive, challenging, time-consuming, and require an expert. In this study, image processing methods and neural network models was utilized to determine the stages of iron deficiency in peach trees. Therefore, a database containing 800 images of peach leaf samples was acquired. These images were then classified into four categories using the KNN clustering method no deficiency, low deficiency, moderate deficiency, and severe deficiency. The preprocessing, feature extraction, and modeling operations were performed in the MATLAB software, version 2017. Features such as mean and standard deviation were extracted from the RGB, HSV, and Lab color space components of each image. Subsequently, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to the feature vector. To determine the optimal structure of the network, criteria including precision, accuracy, recall, and the F1-score were evaluated. These criteria helped ascertain the number of optimal inputs and the corresponding number of neurons for each combination of input features (PCs). Results indicated that the neural network model, structured as 6-36-4, achieved an accuracy of 89.73 ± 0.54%, precision of 89.59 ± 0.57%, recall of 89.52 ± 0.51%, and an F1-score of 89.55 ± 0.54% in detecting levels of iron deficiency in peach tree leaves. The findings from the confusion matrix and the developed model reveal that this method can effectively and efficiently detect the severity of iron deficiency in peach tree leaves.

Bread wheat is one of the most important nutritional products throughout the world. Wheat, like other crops, faces many environmental constraints during the growing season, such as iron deficiency in the soil. Iron is one of the essential micronutrients in plants that act as a catalytic cofactor in several key processes including photosynthesis and respiration.

to investigate the expression pattern of genes encoding transcription factors WRKY1, bZIP56 and NAM-B1 under soil Fe deficiancy, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Pishtaz (Fe-efficient) and Falat (Fe–inefficient) bread wheat cultivars were planted under Fe deficiency (less than 1.5) and adequacy (5 mg Fe / kg soil) conditions and the relative expression of genes was measured in roots and leaves of the plants at vegetative (one month after germination) and reproductive (30% of heading) stages using real time PCR technique.

the results revealed the considerable enhanced expression of WRKY1 in the roots of Fe-efficient (Pishtaz) and -inefficient (Falat) cultivars at vegetative stage. The highest increased expression of bZIP56 and NAM-B1 genes was observed in the leaves and roots of Fe-efficient cultivar (Pishtaz) at vegetative and reproductive stage, respectively. The bZIP56 expression was also considerably enhanced in the leaves of Fe-inefficient cultivar in both stages.

Due to the increased relative expression of WRKY1 gene in leaves and roots of both cultivars at vegetative stage, this gene is likely involved in activating and inducing the expression of genes participating in iron uptake and transport in the early stages of plant growth. Also, the increased relative expression of bZIP56 gene in the roots of both cultivars in the reproductive stage indicates that this gene might be participated in activating the transcription of genes involved in iron absorption from the soil at the end of plant growth stages.

In order to evaluate the response of quince cv. Isfahan seedlings to sodium bicarbonate stress in the presence of mycorrhizal, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design in the presence of four levels of soil sodium bicarbonate (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM) and four levels of mycorrhizal (Rhizophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, the combination of two species and no inoculation (control)) with three replications. The results showed a significant decrease in root colonization, seedling height, leaf number, shoot dry weight, relative leaf chlorophyll content, and total leaf antioxidant capacity with increasing sodium bicarbonate concentration in the nutrient solution. In contrast, seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal, especially R. intraradices, increased these indices compared to the control treatment. Although a significant decrease in the roots and leaves iron concentration of quince seedlings was observed with increasing the concentration of sodium bicarbonate, the use of R. intraradices significantly improved the iron content, especially at concentrations of 5 and 10 mM sodium bicarbonate. A significant increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds and the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity was observed in concentrations of 5 and 10 mM sodium bicarbonate by mycorrhizal treatments. In general, it can be suggested that mycorrhizal, especially R. intraradices, probably facilitates the iron uptake and increases iron content in roots and leaves of quince seedlings in the presence of different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate by affecting the synthesis of phenolic compounds.

Iron deficiencies mostly appears as chlorosis in young leaves as one of the most important nutritional disorders is citrus trees and severely affect yield and quality of their crop. Suitable selection of iron composition is one of important solution ways for prevent of this nutritional question. For this purpose experiment to investigate the effect of iron composition type including of FeEDTA, FeEDDHA and two type of iron oxide nanoparticles uncoated and coated with polyethylene glycol for prevention iron chlorosis in sour orange (Citrus aurantium) rootstock on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without iron in completely randomized design with five replicates was followed. The sour orange seeds were cultivated on MS medium with different iron composition .At the end of experimental period (2 months) vegetative characteristics (root, shoot and seedling length, number and leave area), seedling, root and shoot dry and fresh weights, the amount of chlorophyll a, b and total, Leaf iron concentration and chlorosis percentage, were measured. The results indicated that MS culture medium with uncoated nanoparticles of iron oxide had highest significant effect at

Iron is one of the essential micronutrients for plants. Despite sufficiency of total iron in soil، there is Fe deficiency in most soils. Changing of soil chemical properties is one of the effective manners to improve the Fe nutrition in plants. To investigate the effects of alfalfa green manure and mixed culture of maize and canola on some chemical properties of rhizosphere and bioavailability and uptake of iron، a greenhouse experiment was conducted using rhizobox systems in a factorial design، with 3 replications، two levels of green manure (0 and 2% w/w) and 4 cropping treatments (maize alone، canola alone، mixed maize and canola، and control). Results showed that the green manure addition reduced pH but increased dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC) and soil organic matter (SOM) and thereby increased bioavailability of iron by more than 4 mg/kg of soil. Green manure addition also enhanced shoot dry weight and increased uptake of iron in canola shoot by 54 µg/kg soil. Results of simple correlation coefficient showed a dynamic relationship between increase in iron bioavailability in the rhizosphere and pH reduction and increase in DOC، SOM، and EC. The results of plant analysisshowed that green manure addition reduced concentration of iron in shoot of the mixed culture. Intercropping of maize and canola increased plant dry weight 4. 4 g per pot more than canola and 5. 5 g per pot more than maize in single culture. Therefore، green manure addition and mixed culture system were useful in increasing yield. Also، intercropping of maize and canola was effective in increasing iron in maize shoot.

Due to chlorosis in leaves of sour orange trees in Eram Botanical Garden of Shiraz University, in a 2-year experiment, the trunk injection of various concentrations of iron and zinc sulfate fertilizers was examined. Experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications during two successive years of 201 and 2013. Treatments were injections of two concentrations of iron and zinc sulfates (. and 1%) separately, a combination of iron and zinc sulfates (with the concentration of 0.5%) and distilled water as control. In each replication, the amount of 600 ml of fertilizer was injected into each tree. Two and six weeks after injection, leaf area, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthesis rate, sugar, starch, catalase and peroxidase activities, iron and zinc contents of leaves and total soluble solid of fruits were measured. The results showed that trunk injection of 1% of iron sulfate significantly increased photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll, starch, iron contents of leaves, catalase and peroxidase activities compared to control. While combination of 0.5% of iron and zinc sulfates had the most effect on leaf area in comparison to control. Iron sulfate injection significantly increased the amount of chlorophyll and corrected the sour orange chlorosis. On the basis of the results of this experiment, trunk injection of iron sulfate at the rate of 1% had the greatest effect on removing chlorosis in sour orange leaves.

In order to compare the agronomic characteristics of developed Iranian spring wheat genotypes (selective cultivars from: endemic landraces of wheat، interal hybrid wheat and international centers) and also the identifying traits affecting grain production under different concentration of iron in the soil solution، a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with 30 wheat genotypes and three riplications was conducted during 2007-2008 at research farm of Rodasht، Isfahan. The results showed that among the endemic original wheat genotypes، grain yield with 17. 2 and tiller number with 13. 0 had the highest coefficient of variation (CV) under Fe deficiency condition. Grain yield varied from 3583 kg ha-1 in Shole to 5361 kg ha-1 in Sorkhtokhm genotype. Among the inside hybrid wheat genotypes، grain yield (17. 0)، straw yield (14. 5) and tiller number (13. 5) had the highest CV at the added Fe treatment. Difference between the highest (Ghods genotype) and the lowest (Chenab genotype) grain yield was 2440 kg ha-1. Difference between the highest (Adl genotype) and the lowest (Maron genotype) straw yield was 5062 kg ha-1. Among the inside hybrid spring wheat genotypes، there was positive correlation (R2=0. 58**) between grain yield and plant height. Also، difference between the lowest (in Falat genotype) and the highest (in Dez genotype) straw yield was 35%. According to the results obtained from the present study، soil application of Fe fertilizer had no significant effect on yield and components yield of spring wheat genotypes، regardless of their origin while it significantly increased straw yield of wheat genotypes particularly inside hybrid genotypes.

Silicon (Si) nutrition may alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses including heavy metal deficiency and toxicity in plants. Iron deficiency and toxicity are important limiting factors in growth of rice. In the present study, role of Si nutrition on alleviation of iron deficiency and toxicity was investigated in rice plants. Plants were cultivated in greenhouse in hydroponics, using Yoshida solution, under different iron treatments (0, 2, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 250 mg/L as Fe- EDTA) and Si nutrition (0 and 1.5 mM as sodium silicate). Results revealed that both iron deficiency and toxicity imposed significant reduction in fresh and dry weight and length of plants. The activity of catalase was decreased in shoots due to iron deficiency. Activity of catalase in roots and cell wall peroxidase in shoots increased under iron toxicity compared with control plants. Si nutrition increased Si content in plants and improved plant growth in both iron deficiency (not in the absence of iron) and toxicity. Application of Si increased the activity of catalase in shoots and polyphenol oxidase in both roots and shoots under iron deficiency. Also, the activity of catalase in roots and polyphenol oxidase in shoots raised following iron toxicity. This in turn may reduce the oxidative stress in plants. In addition, increase of lignin in extreme iron toxicity due to Si nutrition may enhance sites of iron absorption in plant cell walls and decrease iron toxicity. The results indicated that Si nutrition could ameliorate harmful effects of iron deficiency and toxicity in rice plants possibly through improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity and reduction of oxidative stress.