جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "micronutrient elements" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

Micronutrient elements play a key role in the formation of chlorophyll and function of photosynthesis, respiration, enzyme system and physiological processes of the plant and their deficiency has destructive effects on the growth, production and yield of the plant. This research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications on mung bean plant in the Research Farm of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, in 2019-2020 growing season. Two cultivars of Gohar and Partu and foliar spraying of zinc chelate, iron chelate, zinc nano-fertilizer, iron nano-fertilizer, and control (spraying solution with water) were tested. The maximum leaf area index (3.12), maximum growth rate (16.2 g m-2 day-1), and leaf area duration (157 day) were achieved by Gohar cultivar in the presence of foliar application of zinc nano fertilizer. Zinc nano-fertilizer had the greatest effect on the pods/plant (21.7), grains/pod (8.08), and grains/plant (164) of Gohar cultivar, which increased by 62, 22 and 62, 77.6 percent respectively, compared to the control. The highest biological yield (8599 kg ha-1) was obtained with Gohar cultivar when receiving foliar application of iron nanofertilizer and zinc nanofertilizer. The highest grain yield (2657kg ha-1) was obtained with Gohar cultivar subjected to nano-zinc foliar spraying, which was not significantly different from Parto cultivar in foliar spraying with zinc nano-fertilizer and caused 38% and 35% increases in grain yield of the two cultivars compared to the control, respectively. The highest harvest index was also obtained with Gohar cultivar supplemented by foliar spraying of zinc nano fertilizer, which increased the harvest index by 24% compared to the control. Foliar spraying of iron and zinc fertilizers caused significant increases in growth, biological yield and grain yield, as well as the content of these elements in the grain of both cultivars. The effect of zinc and iron nanofertilizers on the studied traits was more pronounced in Gohar variety than in Parto variety.

Seed yield in soybean is a complex trait and is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Safflower is one of the oilseeds adapted to a wide range of soil conditions, but micronutrients deficiencies cause a decrease in its grain yield and quality. Hence, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Arak, Iran in 2019. Three tillage methods (including no tillage, low tillage and conventional tillage) were considered as the main plots and fertilizer treatments (including 1- Control, 2- Zinc, 3- Iron, 4- Sulfur, 5- Zinc + Iron, 6-Zinc + Sulfur, 7- Iron + Sulfur, and 8- Iron + Sulfur + Zinc) were considered as sub-plots. Results showed that there were significant differences between the fertilizer treatments in terms of seed yield, flower yield, seed weight per head, number of heads, number of seeds per head, percentage of seed protein and seed oil. In the treatment of tillage methods, thousand seed weight and linoleic fatty acid had significant differences. Interaction effects of soil tillage methods X fertilizer were significant on number of heads and linolenic acid. Fertilizer treatment of iron + sulfur + zinc had the highest seed yield (i.e. 1391 kg ha-1), flower yield (i.e. 183.7 kg ha-1), 1000 seed weight (i.e. 45.8 g), seed weight per head (i.e. 1.27 g), number of heads (i.e. 7.9), protein percentage (i.e. 21.2%) and seed oil percentage (i.e. 26.5). Results of this research showed that application of micronutrient elements by increasing the yield components, particularly 1000-seed weight, number of heads, and the weight of seeds per head led to increases in seed yield, oil percentage and protein percentage of safflower seeds. Though, tillage methods had no significant effect on safflower seed yield. According to the results of this experiment the use of zinc, sulfur, and iron fertilizers along with the method of low tillage can help to increase the grain yield and quality of rapeseed.

In arid and semiarid regions of Iran, most of soils are calcareous and low in organic matter, therefore are deficient in micronutrients. This research was aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of selected micronutrients as affected by biochar and compost of trees pruning in the presence of PGPR in wheat rhizosphere. In a rhizobox study, an experiment carried out in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. The factors including the organic sourses (pruning waste biochar, pruning waste compost and control), microbial inoculation (with and without PGPR). At the end of the growth period, organic matter (OM) cotent and bioavailability of micronutrients including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in the rhizosphere soil and their uptake by wheat plant were determined. The results indicated that OM, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were significantly increased in rhizosphere soil under the influence of organic sources and PGPR inoculation. Addition of biochar under inoculation conditions resulted in 84.6% and 17.9% increase in rhizosphere Fe and Mn, respectively, compared to the non-inoculated treatment. The presence of PGPR increased the bioavailability of Zn and Cu by 52.2% and 34.9%, respectively, in compost treatment compared to the non-inoculated ones. Application of organic sources and bacterial inoculation increased the micronutrient uptake by plant.

In order to investigate the effect of iron, manganese and zinc foliar spray on the yield and grain protein in barley, an experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design with 3 replications in Darab, during 2012-2013. The total of 8 treatments were used that consisted of T1- Control test without spraying, T2- Spraying with a concentration of 0.2% iron, T3- 0.2% zinc, T4- 0.2% Mn, T5- T2+T3, T6- T2+T4, T7- T3+T4 and T8- T2+T3+T4. The results showed that application of micronutrient fertilizers increased the yield and yield components of barley. So that the simultaneous application of iron, zinc and manganese could significantly increase the grain yield, number of grains per ear, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index, stem soluble carbohydrates and grain protein. The highest concentrations of iron, zinc and manganese in grain and leaf were observed when each one of the elements was individually sprayed on plant aerial parts. The lowest concentrations of iron, zinc and manganese in grain were obtained in the combination of zinc+ manganese, iron+ manganese and iron + zinc, respectively. Among the applied, iron had the best effect on the increase of grain yield than the other elements. By increasing the number of elements used in the spraying solutions, their efficiency in supplying the plant requirement was reduced. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that in addition to grain enrichment, the micronutrient fertilizers have been able to increase the yield and yield components of the barley

In recent years, the production of healthy foods through environmentally friendly methods has received much attention. Spinach is a vegetable plant rich in minerals and vitamins which is used in green and cooked forms. Thus, healthy production of this plant with the greatest quantitative and qualitative yield is of particular importance. Weeds as unwanted plants in spinach fields can damage this plant significantly. Nevertheless, spinach is severely sensitive to different herbicides. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), filter cake and metribuzin herbicide on growth and mineral nutrition of spinach plant. In this study, the growth and nutritional parameters of spinach interact with PGPR, filter cake and metribuzin herbicide was also aimed. The spinach seeds (Spinacia oleracea L. Varamin cultivar) were sown in pots containing 40% field soil and 60% sand (10 seeds in each pots). To investigate the impact of PGPR isolates and filter cake on concentration of macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, and P), micronutrients (Cu, Zn, and Fe) and leaves dry weight, Pseudomonas protogenes CHA0 (CHA0) as a reference strain, P. alloputida RUM14 (RUM14) which was collected from Iranian field soil and 3% by weight of fresh filter cake (F3%) were used. Spinach seedlings were inoculated for 14 days with 50 mL of bacteria strains suspension with optical density one (OD600=1). 3% by weight of filter cake were mixed to soil of pots before sowing the seeds. Metribuzin herbicide at three levels (0 (H0), 50 (H1) and 100 (H2) grams per hectare) were used. The effects of PGPR, filter cake and metribuzin herbicides and their interactions were also studied (CHA0 + F0 + H1, RUM14 + F0+ H1, CHA0 + F0 + H2, RUM14 + F0 + H2, B0 + F3% + H0, B0 + F3% + H1, B0 + F3% + H2, CHA0 + F3% + H1, RUM14 + F3% + H1, CHA0 + F3% + H2, RUM14 + F3% + H2). The experiment had a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments (3 metribuzin herbicide × 2 filter cake × 3 PGPR) were arranged in factorial combination. The statistical analysis was performed using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% probability level. Statistical analysis revealed that the application of PGPR (CHA0 and RUB14), filter cake, and their interaction increased tissue plant concentration of macronutrients, micronutrient and leaf dry weight of spinach plant. Statistically, the highest concentration of P, K, Ca, and Mg macronutrients (5583.30, 83000.00, 10886.70, 10766.60 mg kg-1 dry matter, respectively), Cu, Zn, and Fe micronutrients (22.73, 73.00, and 221.36 mg kg-1 dry matter, respectively) and dry weight of leaves (8.76 g) was observed in treatment of combination of PGPR and filter cake. The application of Metribuzin herbicide led to decline the concentration of macronutrients, micronutrient, and leaf dry weight of spinach plant. The decline increased with increasing herbicide concentration. The lowest concentration of P, K, Ca, and Mg macronutrients (3233.30, 48867.00, 6403.30, and 6283.30 mg kg-1 leaf dry weight, respectively), Cu, Zn, and Fe micronutrient (4.40, 19.50, and 132.66 mg kg-1, respectively), and leaf dry weight (2.83 g) was observed in B0+F0+H2 treatment (using just herbicide 100 g ha-1). However, the detrimental effect of herbicide on leaf dry weight and mineral nutrition of spinach plant were alleviated using the PGPR (CHA0 and RUB14) and filter cake (F3%) either alone or together (RUM14+F3%, CHA0+F3%). Statistically, the greatest alleviation of the detrimental effect of herbicide was observed in the treatment of RUM14+F3%. The results of this research showed that inoculation of spinach with Pseudomonas PGPR (P. protogenes CHA0, P. alloputida RUM14) with and without filter cake not only improved the growth and mineral nutrition of spinach plant, but also alleviated the detrimental effect of herbicide in the plant. In general, the proper function of PGPR and filter cake in spinach plant growth is due to 1- Supplying more nutrients to the spinach plant due to filter cake rich in nutrients 2- The ability of Pseudomonas bacteria to induce resistance of the plants to stress and supply of some nutrients such as iron due to its ability to produce siderophore 3- Supply of food by filter cake for further growth of PGPR and the possibility of increasing the population of these bacteria. 4- Filter cake rich in organic matter can improve the physical and biological properties of the soil and can provide the better conditions for plant growth and nutrition. The results of this research showed that P. alloputida RUM14 and filter cake can be used as biological and organic fertilizers.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is considered as the major cereal crop in the world in respect of the cultivated area and total production. Drought is a polygenic stress and is considered as one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. Most of the Iranian soils, have a high pH and calcareous nature, and micronutrients solubility in these soils is low. Micronutrient deficiency is widespread in many Asian countries due to the calcareous nature of soils, high pH, low organic matter, salt stress, continuous drought, high bicarbonate content in irrigation water, and imbalanced application of NPK fertilizers. Micronutrients plays a critical role in increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Foliar nutrition is an option when nutrient deficiencies cannot be corrected by applications of nutrients to the soil. Foliar spraying of microelements is very helpful when the roots can not provide necessary nutrients. Iron as a micronutrient, is critical for chlorophyll formation and photosynthesis and is important in the enzyme systems and respiration of plants. Zinc is a ubiquitous micronutrient. It is required as a structural and functional component of many enzymes and proteins, and increases the yield and yield components of wheat. Manganese as a micronutrient, is necessary in photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and to form other compounds required for plant metabolism.

To study the effect of iron, zinc and manganese foliar application on morphological and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Chamran cultivar) under irrigation regime, an experiment was conducted as split-plot with four replications in Ramhormoz city in the crop year 2016-2017. The experimental factors were included irrigation regime in two levels of complete irrigation (non-water stress) and irrigation cut from the beginning of tillering stage to the physiological ripening (water stress) as the main factor, and micronutrients foliar application in six levels of non-foliar application (control), foliar application by water, iron, zinc, manganese and iron + zinc + manganese (each 3 lit.h-1) in three times and at tillering, stemming and pollination stages as the sub factor. Solutions for foliar application were prepared by using Iron chelate (6%), Zinc chelate (7.5%) and Manganese chelate (7%). The measured traits included Peduncle length, spike length, plant height, number of tillers per m-2, number of spikes per m-2, number of grain per spike, 1000-seed weight and grain yield. At maturity, the inner two row of each plot unit were harvested to estimate grain yield, and sup sample of 1 m-2 was obtained for determining Peduncle length, spike length, plant height, number of tillers per m-2, number of spikes per m-2, number of grain per spike, 1000-seed weight. Analysis of variance was performed using general linear model (GLM) procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS version: 9.3). The means were analyzed using the least significant difference (LSD) method at P=0.05 (LSD 0.05).

Results showed that the water stress decreased significantly (p < 0.01) traits of peduncle length (26.62%), spike length (12.87%), plant height (22.91%), number of tillers per m-2 (29.21%), number of spikes per m-2 (26.85%), number of grain per spike (13.43%), 1000-seed weight (17.37%) and grain yield (46.10%). However, the separate and combined application of iron, zinc and manganese increased the measured traits on average 15.20, 7.72, 7.32, 25.18, 23.24, 8.84, 8.76 and 32.63 percent under water stress, respectively. Meanwhile, zinc application showed the greatest effect in reducing the damage caused by water stress on measured traits.

In general, the use of micronutrients, especially zinc, as foliar application, can reduce the harmful effects caused by water stress and improve the morphological and agronomic traits of bread wheat in Ramhormoz region.

Synergistic relationships between mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and organic compounds affect the mobility of the micronutrient elements in the rhizosphere and improve their bioavailability. In order to evaluate the effect of biochar and pruning waste compost of apple and grape trees, as well as AMF, on micronutrient bioavailability in calcareous soil at the wheat rhizosphere, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions in a rhizobox study. Some factors including the organic sourses (pruning waste biochar, pruning waste compost and control), microbial inoculation (AMF and no inoculation) were considered. At the end of the growth period, Organic matter (OM) content and bioavailability of micronutrients including iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Manganese (Mn) in the rhizosphere and their uptake by wheat plant were determined. The results indicated that OM, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil under the influence of organic sources and mycorrhizal inoculation. Furthermore, biochar application in the mycorrhizal tratment resulted in 74.73% and 19.28% increase in Fe and Mn, as compared to non-inoculated conditions, in rhizosphere. The presence of mycorrhizal fungi increased the bioavailability of 94.66% and 29.54% Zn and Cu in the compost treatment, as compared to non-inoculated ones. Application of organic sources and mycorrhizal inoculation increased the micronutrient uptake and plant dry weight.

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of Iron, Zinc and Boron micronutrient elements on two different irrigation regimes on soybean characteristics of M9 cultivar, a RCB design was conducted with 8 treatments in 3 replications. The experiments were done in Aleshtar, Lorestan province of Iran during two growing years between 2014 to 2016 in two separate experiments. The first irrigation was carried out after 50 mm from the pan and in the second experiment after irrigation after 100 mm from the pan. The investigated factor were micronutrient elements including micronutrient spraying, micronutrient spraying of Zinc, Iron, Boron, Zinc& Iron, Boron + Iron, Boron + Zinc and Zinc + Iron + Boron. The results showed that irrigation effect on plant height, number of nodes, number of pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, oil yield and grain yield were significant at 1% probability level. The effect of foliar application of micronutrient elements on plant height, number of nodes, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and grain yield at 1% probability level and significant number of lateral branches at 5% probability level were significant. The highest grain yield was obtained from irrigation treatments after 50 millimeters from the pan and the addition of Zinc, Iron and Boron micronutrients, with a mean of 2561 kg ha-1, and the lowest grain yield related to treatment after 100 mm of pan and lack of foliar application of micronutrient elements with an average of 1086 kg ha-1.

Oil crops could be considered as a valuable resource for providing the plant oil for cooking. Canola is one of the main oil crops the third oil crop after soybean and oil palm. The macro and micro nutrients have an important role in plant nutrition. The biological fertilizer could be effective in sustaining agriculture program. Material remobilization is an important process in transporting the nutrition from leaf and stem to grains. The nitrogen fertilizer increases wheat grain yield, Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, grain protein, zinc and iron. Application of nitrogen fertilizer improves the canola biological yield and stem dry weight at flowering stage. The main goal of this research was the comparison of the micro and macronutrients and biological fertilizer on some qualitative characteristics and remobilization of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Material and In order to evaluate the effect of biological fertilizers and micronutrients on some qualititive traits and remobilization of rapeseed (Brassica napus (L.) var. Hyola 401), an experiment was conducted in the Research Station of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in 2012-13. The experimental design was factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments were microelements in six levels (control, zinc sulfate (2 and 4
cc.lit-1), iron chelate (2 and 4 cc.lit-1) and combined zinc and iron fertilizers (2 cc.lit-1)) and the second factor was application of biofertilizers in 3 levels (seed inoculation with Thiobacillus with Sulfur Bentonite, Nitrocara Thiobacillus Sulfur Bentonite and control). The canola (cv. Hyola401) was seeded on 13 Nov. 2013 and harvested on 21 Apr. 2014. Each plot size was 7.2 m2 consisting of 5 rows of canola plants. Foliar application of zinc sulphate and iron was done at 2 %4 /1000 concentration in stem elongation and flowering stages.
Due to the interaction of biological fertilizer and micronutrient elements, the highest plant individual yield (10/62 g/m2) and the lowest remobilization efficiency(13.85%) were achieved from Nitrocara Thiobacillus bacteria with combined zinc and iron (2cc.lit-1). The highest oil percent (48.47%) was also revealed at Thiobacillus bacteria with combined zinc and iron (2cc.lit-1), While the lowest oil percent (31%) was obtained at control treatment.
Finally, the results of this study revealed that the canola seeds inoculated with bio-fertilizers and with foliar application of micro-nutrients reduced consumption of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizers can be useful in improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oil varieties of canola. Also, the highest individual plant yield was obtained by application of Thiobacillus Nitrocara and Zinc iron application. The results suggested that the microelements not onlt increased the grain zinc and iron content (36-41%), but also improved economical yield and grain oil contents.

The soils of potato production fields in Ardabil due to alkalinity and not having a proper crop rotations are deficient in micronutrients. To evaluate the effect of these micronutrients on the yield and some traits affecting potato tubers an experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications in Ardabil during 2012. Micronutrient treatments used were the various concentrations of iron and zinc (0.002¡ 0.004 and 0.008 concentrations of these elements as Fe1Zn1¡ Fe1Zn2¡ Fe1Zn3¡ Fe2Zn1¡ Fe2Zn2¡ Fe2Zn3¡ Fe3Zn1 and Fe3Zn2) and a control treatment (Fe0Zn0). Analysis of variance of traits under study showed statistically significant differences among treatments in terms of tuber yield¡ number of tubers per plant¡ tuber size¡ skin thickness and volumetric weight and dry weight of tubers. The highest tuber yield (48.10 t.ha-1) and maximum skin thickness were obtained from Fe1Zn3 treatment. The highest tuber number belonged to Fe2Zn1 (0.004 and 0.002 concentrations of iron and zinc) and Fe1Zn3 (0.002 and 0.008 concentrations of iron and zinc). Tuber weights higher than 35 grams and higest volumetric tuber weight were produced by using Fe3Zn2. The conclusion is this that using Fe1Zn3 traetment (0.002 and 0.008 concentrations) resulted in highest tuber yield and thickness of tuber skin.