جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "number of seeds" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

Soybean is a valuable industrial plant worldwide because of its high protein content, high quality unsaturated oil, and many direct and indirect uses. Seed yield is determined by many vegetative and reproductive traits in different amounts. In some cases, the improvement of a specific trait is accompanied by simultaneous changes in one or more other traits, which provides the possibility of using indirect selection. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between phenotypic traits and yield components, propose cause-and-effect relationships for grain yield components, and determine the direct and indirect effects of traits on soybean seed yield. In this study, 13 pure lines obtained from breeding programs with two control varieties, Amir and Saba, were cultivated during the agricultural year of 2019/2020 at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil (Moghan). The experimental arrangement was a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Correlation coefficients were used to understand the relationships between traits, path analysis was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of traits on seed yield, and factor analysis was used to explain the correlation between variables and selection of the desired lines was done using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Based on the results of variance analysis for testing differences in composite variables, the genotypes had significant differences in terms of vegetative traits, yield components, and seed yield. Correlation between phenotypic traits showed that the number of nodes per plant was positively and significantly correlated with the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per plant. In addition, the correlation of the number of seeds per plant with seed yield was positive and significant (r=0.76**). The results of path analysis showed that traits related to the number of seeds per plant, such as the number of pods per plant, showed a high direct and indirect correlation with seed yield. The direct effect of seed number on yield was positive (0.66), whereas the weight of one hundred seeds had a high negative direct effect (-0.44) on seed yield and a positive indirect effect through the number of days to flowering (0.24). Factor analysis showed that the first factor justified 41.2 of the total variation, and the highest positive factor coefficients belonged to plant height, number of nods, total pods and number of seeds per plant. The second factor explained 21.78% of the total variation, day to of flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant and one hundred seed weight had the highest coefficients. Factor analysis was able to identify high yielding and earliness lines, which were placed in group 2 of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed that four factors explained 62.98% of the total variance. According to path analysis, among the yield components, the number of seeds per plant has the largest contribution in determining the yield, and the trait of the number of pods per plant, which causes the production of more seeds in soybean lines, should be prioritized in breeding programs and selection of superior lines. Lines G14, G5, G2, G10 and G8 were placed in the group of lines with high performance and early maturity groups.

This research aims to investigate the yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in intercropping with dragon head (Lallemantia iberica).

Mixed cropping was done based on increasing series, where Carthamus tinctorius is the main plant and Lallemantia iberica is the Sub plant. The basic design of the experiment was in the form of randomized complete blocks with four replications. Different cultivation patterns include pure Carthamus tinctorius cultivation, 100% Carthamus tinctorius with 15% Lallemantia iberica, 100% Carthamus tinctorius with 30% Lallemantia iberica, 100% Carthamus tinctorius cultivation with 45% Lallemantia iberica, 100% Carthamus tinctorius with 60%Lallemantia iberica, 100% Carthamus tinctorius with 75%Lallemantia iberica. In this study, Carthamus tinctorius traits included number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield and biological yield.

The results showed that the effect of different cultivation patterns on the number of seeds per plant and seed weight was not significant, but it was significant on the number of pods per plant, seed yield and biological yield .The highest number of seeds according to the 100:30 mixed crop pattern (Lallemantia iberica- Carthamus tinctorius) and the highest seed yield and biological yield belonged to pure Carthamus tinctorius cultivation.The highest land equivalent ratio belonged to 100:30 mixed cultivation (Lallemantia iberica-Carthamus tinctorius).

100:30 intercropping pattern (Lallemantia iberica-Carthamus tinctorius) was suggested as the suitable pattern of mixed cropping due to highest grain yield, biological yield and economic benefit.

Zinc is one of the most critical nutrient elements limiting the plant growth. To investigate the effects of soil Zn deficiency on some physiological and morphological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in greenhouse. Zn-efficient (Bayat and Nik-nejhad) and inefficient (Hirmand and Karaj-1) cultivars were grown in Zn-deficit (0 mg kg-1 soil) and -adequate (5 mg kg-1 soil) soils. The studied traits were 1000 grain weight, number of grains per spike, chlorophyll content, grain, root and leaf Zn concentrations and some morphological traits. The results of variance analysis showed that all traits are significantly (P≤0.01) affected by Zn levels and cultivars, while the interaction effects of Zn level × cultivars were only significant (P≤0.01) for root, shoot and grain Zn concentrations. Mean comparisons of the interaction effects revealed that under soil Zn deficiency, the concentration of root Zn in Zn-efficient cultivars (Nik-nejhad: 59 mg kg-1, Bayat: 44.75 mg kg-1) is significantly (P≤0.01) more than those of Zn-inefficient cultivars (Hirmand: 30.58 mg kg-1, Karaj-1: 32.98 mg kg-1). The grain Zn concentration of Bayat (28.82 mg kg-1) cultivar was also significantly (P≤0.01) more than those of Zn-inefficient cultivars (Hirmand: 24.95 mg kg-1 and karaj-1: 22.85 mg kg-1). The estimation of trait decline percentage under soil Zn deficiency revealed more decrease for shoot dry weight, root and grain Zn concentrations and chlorophyll content in Zn-inefficient cultivars, compared to Zn-efficient ones. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that Zn-efficient bread wheat cultivars are able to produce more dry matter and accumulate more Zn in grains under soil Zn deficiency conditions.

To study the effects of bio fertilizers and Nano zinc and their interactions on yield and yield components, this survey was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 at Natural Resource Research Institute in Damavand city. In this experiment factors including biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizers at four levels including control or without the use of chemical and bio fertilizers, bio fertilizers application only(Nitragin),applying chemical fertilizers(100%dose) recommended based on soil test, chemical fertilizer(75%dose) recommended based on soil test and bio fertilizers (Nitragin) application and zinc fertilizer treatment including three levels control or no application zinc ,application of chelated zinc and application of Nano zinc respectively. The results showed the impact of bio fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizer was significant in all traits. Between chemical and bio fertilizers levels, 75% chemical fertilizer nitragin had the highest number of seeds per row, grain yield and biological yield and had the greatest impact than the other levels. The results showed the impact of zinc fertilizer on the number of rows, grain yield and biological yield was significant. Also interaction effects of treatments on number of seeds per row and biological yield were significant. The results of this study indicate that the use of bio fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers on improve the yield and yield components of maize and also in order to sustain production and environmental protection had a positive impact and it seems bio fertilizers are a suitable alternative for chemical fertilizers.