جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « perceived behavioral control » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

 The development process of organic cultivation in Iran is not favorable because the average growth rate of organic agriculture development from 2008 to 2019 according to FAO statistics in 2021 is equal to -0.47% and this is while foods contaminated with various substances Chemicals have an unpleasant effect on the general health of society. According to the statistics of 2021, 600 million people in the world, i.e. 1 out of every 10 people, will get sick after eating food. Since any change in the use of chemicals in agriculture should be based on the behavior of farmers, the purpose of this study is to investigate the behavioral intention to produce organic pistachio production among 5200 pistachio growers in Ardakan county, Yazd province, using the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) analysis.

 The current research is classified as a quantitative research and is a descriptive-survey type of research, and in terms of the type of objective, it is considered a part of applied research. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 358 people. Considering the distribution and dispersion of pistachio growers in different sectors, multi-stage random sampling was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of academic experts in the departments of horticulture, agricultural development, plant protection and psychology, as well as experts of Jihad Keshavarzi of the county. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire tool, a pre-test study was conducted among 30 farmers of Aqda Aflatak village, which was part of the villages of Ardakan city, but outside the study sample. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained from 0.649 to 0.836, which indicates acceptable reliability. SPSS22 and SmartPLS2 software were used for data analysis.

Descriptive findings showed that 358 respondents were 336 men and 22 women. Among them, 48 people lived in the village and 310 people lived in the city. The statistical results of the present study showed that the average age of the respondents was 53 years old, who had an average of 9 years of formal education. They had an average of 15 years of experience in the field of pistachio farming, and 30% of household income was dependent on pistachio production. According to the statistical sample of the research in terms of age, the highest frequency (137) were in the 41-50 age group. In terms of pistachio cultivation area, 204 farmers had less than one hectare, which constituted 59.9% of the studied sample. The inferential findings of this research showed that the factors affecting farmers' behavioral intention to produce organic pistachio products were perceived mental norms (β= 0/362) and perceived behavioral control (β=0/185). The findings of this research were in line with the results of Yadavar et al (2018). Also, the findings of this study showed the absence of a significant relationship between attitude and behavioral intention, which was not in line with the results of Safi Sis et al. (2020), Fatemi et al. (2018), Yadavar et al. (2018). According to the research model, the lack of a significant effect between the attitude variable and farmers' perception of the compatibility of organic production methods with their current values and needs, including consumers not purchasing organic pistachios, is notable. This lack of impact may be attributed to consumer-related challenges such as higher prices and insufficient information and awareness about organic products, which could hinder the financial feasibility of implementing organic production. Moreover, the research indicates that the attitude variable did not significantly influence farmers' perception of the ease of applying organic pistachio production methods in the orchard. As a result, the attitude variable did not exert a significant effect on behavioral intention in this context.

 The most important factors in the behavioral intention to produce organic pistachios are the variables of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. In fact, the issue of environmental protection and measures to prevent water, soil and environment pollution were the popular and accepted behaviors among the pistachio growers in the studied area, and the pistachio growers had come to believe that the use of organic production methods is one of the accepted behaviors of important and prominent people in their accepted social network. Therefore, it is suggested that the extension department of Ardakan Agricultural Jihad Management, by holding various meetings centered on leading farmers in the matter of organic production, provides effective networking for more exposure, contact and communication of pistachio farmers, so as to facilitate their decision making process to enter into organic pistachio production. Also, the findings showed that from the point of view of pistachio farmers, the use of organic production methods and operations is under the control and authority of the farmer and he can use it in his garden if he wishes. Therefore, it is suggested that the extension department of Jihad-Kashawarzi management of Ardakan county continues to provide educational, facilities and services support needed by pistachio farmers and in this regard, planning and providing services in the direction of changing the consumer's attitude towards buying organic products in various ways such as festivals, exhibitions and production Media programs. Considering the importance of removing obstacles to the implementation of organic production in pistachio orchards, it is suggested that necessary support measures be established by the government in the field of covering the operational costs of organic pistachio production until the pistachio farmers reach the markets of organic products inside and outside the country. It is also suggested that due to the diversity in the quality of water, soil and pistachio variety of the farmers, the extension department should organize training courses in such a way that they understand the ease of using this kind of methods and its management in the garden.

Nature-based tourism is one of the important types of tourism that is considered as a suitable tool for of natural resources protection. The present descriptive-survey research using the theory of planned behavior, was conducted to analyze the participatory behavior of tourists in forest protection in the ​​Qaleh Gol, Khorramabad city. For this purpose, 364 tourists who had visited the study area were surveyed by available sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and the validity of the structure and the reliability of the instrument were obtained by examining the fit of the model at two levels of the measurement model and the structural model. Findings showed that the initial model of planned behavior (TPB), which explains 63% and 52% of the intentions and environmental behavior of tourists in forest protection, respectively. The three main variables of the theory of planned behavior included attitude (ATT), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and subjective beliefs (SN), all of which had positive effects on tourists' intentions to protect the forest. Extended planned behavior with the inclusion of the environmental concern (EC) variable increased by 4% the power to explain the variable of tourist behavior.In the present study, the attitude of tourists was identified as the most important factor, so policymakers can maintain it by emphasizing it. Natural resources and forests are effective. On the other hand, it is necessary to formulate and implement supportive policies for forest protection with an emphasis on tourist participation.

Water is one of the most essential components of the natural environment and at the same time one of the main inputs of the agricultural sector which its shortage has led to many communities have faced the serious challenges. In this regard, many researchers and experts consider human beings as the pivot of water resources conservation programs and believe that conservation of water resources depends on accurate understanding of the components and constructs affecting stakeholders' conservation intentions and behaviors in different sections especially in the agricultural sector. Considering the importance of the issue, the main purpose of this descriptive-correlative research was to identify of factors affecting farmers' intention to perform water resources conservation measures (WRCMs) based on the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). The statistical population of the study comprised farmers in the central district of Zanjan County among which 330 persons were selected through random sampling method. A questionnaire based on the extended TPB model was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The construct validity and the composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and they were satisfied after making necessary corrections. The empirical results of the study indicated that the main components of the original TPB model including attitude, perceived behavioral control and social norms had statistically significant positive effects on the intention to perform WRCMs and explained about 45% of its variances. Furthermore, after the inclusion of the variable of moral norms in the TPB model, the predictive power of the model was found to increase up to 6%. According the findings, the main suggestions of this study to improve farmers' intention to perform WRCMs are: giving financial facilities and credits and providing technical advice by experts, implementing large-scale social awareness programs, and highlighting the importance of conserving water resources as an important moral norm.

The rapid increase in global population and the industrialization of agricultural products have led to the destruction of natural resources and posed great challenges to the ecosystem. The purpose of this descriptive research was to identify the intention of strawberry growers in Marivan and SarvAbad counties to apply Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). The statistical population of the study was strawberry growers in Marivan and SarvAbad county (N=241). The sample size determined via the Krejcie and Morgan table (n=174). The sampling was based on a proportional stratified random sampling approach. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. Face and content validities of the questionnaire evaluated and verified by a group of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR) coefficients. For data analysis, AMOS23 and SPSS23 software were used. Descriptive results showed that the highest and lowest mean for the components of GAP behavior were assigned to the harvesting and packaging (3.60 out of 5) and the field condition and location (2.96 out of 5), respectively. It also should be emphasized that the means calculated for the variables attitude (3.76 out of 5), subjective norms (3.45 out of 5), perceived behavioral control (3.19 out of 5), and intention of applying GAP (3.66 out of 5) were greater than the average score. Research findings showed that attitude and perceived behavioral control had positive and significant effects on farmers' intention toward applying GAP. So that these variables could explain about 25% of variation in strawberry growers’ intention toward applying GAP.

Despite cooperatives are the highest manifestations of democracy, there are a few interests towards cooperation and team work in our country. Thus, investigating the reasons beyond this and the extent by which why cooperation and team works are not welcomed by our people is really necessary. Study of factors influencing adoption of cooperation and team works, will help planners and policy makers to identify facilitators and barriers of cooperation and team works formation. So, a survey research method was used in this study to investigate factor influencing cooperation and team work based on a causal model. Data were collected using a pre designed questionnaire among a research sample consisted of 486 residents of Boyer-Ahmad County that were selected via stratified random sampling technique. After verifying validity and reliability of the questionnaire, either factors influence the supposed behavior or the effects of factors on each other were analyzed using path analysis technique. The findings showed that there is a causal and statistically significant relationship between predictor factors i.e. attitude towards cooperation, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and usefulness in one hand and adoption intention as response variables in the other hand. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the models, the fit nesses of them were tested by AMOS software. Findings of this stage showed that the proposed model adequately fits collected data and also the model fits with research population’s real situation.