جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "tape irrigation" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

In order to investigate the effect of different water managements on yield and yield components of Quinoa (c.v. Titicaca), a factorial experiment based on a complete randomized block design was conducted with three replications at Neyshabur city in 2018. Five irrigation water management (furrow irrigation (SI), low-pressure drip irrigation by Tape in the middle of furrow ridge (TI), low-pressure drip irrigation by Tape on both sides of the furrow ridge in alternate every other furrow (ATI), low-pressure drip irrigation by Tape at 75% full irrigation on both sides of the furrow ridge in alternate every other furrow (0.75 ATI), low-pressure drip irrigation by Tape in the middle of furrow ridge at 75% full irrigation (0.75 TI) were employed. The results of comparing the averages showed that the highest amounts of Quinoa grain yield and 1000 kernel weights were 1805 Kg ha-1 and 2.35 gr, respectively, for SI while the lowest ones were 1352.7 Kg ha-1 and 1.69 gr, respectively, for 0.75 TI. The TI, ATI, 0.75 ATI, and 0.75 TI treatments lead to a decrease in the Quinoa grain yield of 12.4, 11.6, 18.7, and 25.1%, respectively, as compared to the SI treatment. The best production function of yield-irrigation water was a linear function (Y=1014 +0.13 I).

One of the most important goals of irrigation planning and management methods, considering the water crisis in recent years, is to increase water productivity for various plants, including rice. To investigate the effects of deficit irrigation methods on water productivity of rice (Binam Variety), an experiment was carried out with eight treatments and three replications in Babolsar city of Mazandaran province in 2020. The treatments were regulated deficit irrigation and partial root zone drying in soil drought stresses of 10, 30 and 60 kPa (RDI10, RDI30, RDI60, PRD10, PRD30 and PRD60) and full irrigation with drip tape and flood irrigation systems (control). Soil water deficit was measured by a tensiometer. In this experiment, traits including yield, water consumption, and plant shoot dry weight, root weight density, root length, physical water productivity, net profit efficiency per unit volume of water, irrigation and rainfall water efficiency and evapotranspiration efficiency were investigated. According to the results, the highest and lowest physical water productivity was corresponded for PRD60 and flood irrigation treatments, respectively (1.39 and 0.59 kg / m3). PRD treatments at similar stresses compared to RDI treatments had higher rough rice yield and higher physical and economic productivity despite of lower water consumption. PRD60 treatment increased the physical productivity of water by 135.6% and decreased the water consumption by 76.3%..

Water scarcity is a major limiting factor for agriculture in all arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Identification of various genotypes to produce drought-tolerant cultivars requires an assessment of their sugar yield under deficit irrigation conditions. Implementation of irrigation system and an appropriate level of water stress are therefore absolutely necessary in assessing genotypes for drought tolerance. For this purpose, four genotypes under eight irrigation treatments in a split plot design based on a Randomized Complete Block with four replications during the years 1387 and 1388 the Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources Hamadan were evaluated. Eight irrigation treatments consisted of three treatments of furrow irrigation after 80, 130 and 180 mm, two treatments of tape irrigation, including irrigation after 30 mm with 100% and irrigation after 30 mm with 50% supply of water requirement of sugar beet and three tape irrigation treatments including 80, 130 and 180 mm cumulative evaporation from the evaporation pan in main plots and four genotypes in sub plots. The results showed that the interaction between genotypes and irrigation for the drought susceptibility index (DSI) was significant at 5% probability level. Reduced sugar yield of sugar beet genotypes caused by reduction of the amount of water (30mm tape irrigation with 50% of supply of water requirement) was more severe than the different irrigation intervals. Furrow irrigation is not an efficient and effective method of evaluating drought tolerance of sugar beet genotypes. Therefore, in order to evaluate drought tolerance of genotypes in breeding programs and produce drought-tolerant genotypes, tape irrigation method after 30 mm cumulative evaporation with supplying 50% of the plant water requirement, is introduced and recommended as an appropriate method and drought stress level.

It is expected that due to the value of water in the agricultural sector and the reduction of water resources in recent years, methods of adaptation to the conditions ahead will be investigated. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on yield components of rice (Binam variety). The experiment was run in the form of a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications in the Babolsar city of Mazandaran province in year 2020. The treatments were regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root zone drying (PRD) in three drought stresses of 10, 30 and 60 kPa (RDI10, RDI30, RDI60, PRD10, PRD30 and PRD60) and full irrigation (FID). Drip tape irrigation system was used as irrigation method. Flood irrigation system was used as an irrigation (FI1) and weed (FI2) control treatment. Soil water deficit was measured by a tensiometer and Volumetric meter was used to calculate water consumption. Flood irrigation treatment had the highest yield of rough rice and water consumption (6442 kg / ha and 10886 m3 / ha). The lowest rice yield was for RDI60 treatment with 2998 kg / ha and the lowest water consumption was corresponded to PRD60 treatment with 2111 m3 / ha. According to the results, the applying of PRD method in addition to higher yield than RDI, saved 76.33% in water consumption. The PRD method could be recommended for the region.

In order to investigate the effect of the type drip of irrigation methods, subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation on the domestication of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss., an experiment with a  randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented  at Isfahan University of Technology for two years (2016 to 2018) . For this purpose, clay pipes were made and the plant was cultivated on the sides of clay pipes and types. Also, furrow irrigation treatment was applied as the control. During the experiment, all treatments received the same water and finally, some growth parameters were measured. The results of the study showed improvement in height (0.43 and 0.34), canopy cover (0.66 and 0.52), stem number (0.44 and 0.85), chlorophyll index (0.45 and 0.45), seed emergence (0.75 and 0.30), plant survival (0.78 and 0.55), yield (0.23 and 0.35), and water use efficiency (0.25 and 0.25) under type drip irrigation treatment, as compared to subsurface and furrow irrigation, respectively (P<0.05). In general, the type drip treatment is recommended in the early years of planting; however, since the maximum production potential of this plant is in the third year onwards, it is necessary to examine the results in the following years to recommend the proper irrigation method, especially the use of subsurface irrigation.

The present research was conducted in 2017 with the aim of investigating the possibility of using solar energy (photovoltaic systems) compared to energy from national network of electricity in three irrigation systems of Tape, Center pivot, and Fixed classical sprinkler irrigation in Alborz province. At first, 2 dominant crops in the region (wheat and maize) were identified and the water requirement of these crops was determined under Karaj conditions. Then, the energy needed to supply the necessary power in each of the irrigation systems using the electricity network and solar power was determined. Afterwards, the number of solar panels needed to supply this amount of energy and the initial cost for the construction of the solar system was examined, as well as the costs of using the electricity network. Then, by evaluating the crops yield performance in the region and its economic value, the profitability of the products was determined in the region.  The t-test was used to determine the difference between the mean cost and revenue or profit of the systems statistically. According to the economic results in the analysis period, in network electricity with irrigation systems of Fixed classical sprinkler, Center pivot, and Tape irrigation, net present value was estimated as 753.7, 770.3, and 1212.2 Iraniak million Rials, and benefit cost ratio in these systems was estimated at 1.64, 1.67 and 2.1. In solar system with irrigation systems of Fixed classical sprinkler, Center pivot, and Tape irrigation, net present value was estimated as 322.6 , 713, and 988.8 Iraniak million Rials, and benefit cost ratio in these systems was estimated at 1.2, 1.59, and 1.73. Therefore, based on profitability indices, national power network with drip irrigation system treatment is recommended as the better treatment.

Drip irrigation in greenhouses may be used as a common method, but because of the diversity of the drip irrigation systems, farmers are confused. Therefore, technical evaluation of drip irrigation system could lead to the selection of a suitable system. In this study was carried out technical evaluation of two drip irrigation systems including tape drip irrigation and drip line in strawberry greenhouse in kishestan greenhouse town located in Somesara (Guilan province). Treatments included two drip irrigation systems (tape and drip line). The result showed all of technical indexes apart of discharge pressure equation in tape drip irrigation is more than drip line and they had not statistical different. Distribution Coefficient Uniformity of the tape drip irrigation system was better than the drip irrigation systems.

In recent decades, the use of saline water in agricultural production has increased dramatically due to the reduction of fresh water resources. But, safe use of saline water requires proper irrigation management. This experiment was carried out to study the effects of water salinity on yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality of drip irrigated tomatoes in southern Iran (Bushehr) with arid and semi-arid weather during one cropping season (2010-2011). The experiment was designed as split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four levels of water salinity (1.1, 3.7, 5.5 and 7.5 dS.m-1) and three levels of irrigation intervals (2, 4 and 7 days) with three replications. According to the results, with increasing irrigation interval from 2 to 7 days, the mean values of crop yield (Y), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and fruit weight (FW) decreased by 20, 19 and 26% respectively. Also, with increasing salinity of irrigation water from 1.1 dS.m-1 to 7.5 dS.m-1, these values decreased by 33, 39 and 32% respectively. In general, under climatic conditions and soil characteristics of the experiment site, yield loss due to water salinity was far lower than that reported in FAO No. 29 paper (Ayers and Westcott, 1985). Also, with increasing irrigation interval and salinity of water, fruit quality increased in terms of the amount of soluble solids (TSS).

Watermelon is one of the most important profitable vegetables in Khuzestan. A mild water stress helps watermelon to develop the root system. Water stress has a negative effect on the yield of watermelon but it increases the quality of the fruit. Watermelon is usually planted in mid-June and is irrigated in a furrow irrigation which, generally, has low application efficiency. The high amount of water consumption, especially in the early stages of growth, requires considering the drip irrigation method. Recently, using drip (tape) irrigation has become more common in Khuzestan. However, there is not enough information regarding the impact of pressurized irrigation systems on the performance of watermelon varieties. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating tape irrigation levels on watermelon varieties in Northern Khouzestan.

Increasing the efficiency and productivity of agricultural water using pressurized irrigation systems at the farm level has been one of the main strategies of the past three decades of agricultural water resources management plans. However, the question of efficiency and optimum use of this irrigation system remains to be answered. The aim of this research was to study the level of optimal water-use and its determinants among tomato producers who have adopted drip-tape irrigation system in Kazeroon County, Iran. A survey research method was used with a systematic random sample which included 250 tomato producers from Markazi and Jereh-Baladeh Divisions of Kazeroon County. The findings revealed that attitudes toward the importance of optimal irrigation has a strong positive correlation with optimum water-use. Regression results indicated that attitude toward the importance of optimal irrigation, agricultural water quality (EC), soil quality, climate type, the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used and agricultural land slope can significantly predict the level of farmers’ optimal drip-tape irrigation use. These variables explain 76 percent variance of the optimal water use. The results also showed that the optimal water-use has a significant relationship with agricultural water productivity, cost of production, and the level of farm weeds and diseases. Findings indicated that human dimension has a decisive role in achieving the optimization of drip-tape irrigation system, therefore, the agricultural extension plans to optimize the use of pressurized irrigation systems should focus on improving attitudes, behavior and skills of farmers.

Optimal uses of water resources due to climate change and the recent drought conditions seem to be necessary. One of the most important and effective strategies is using the modern irrigation systems. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in Hamedan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in a split plot arrangement based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. Main plots were irrigation systems (Sprinkler, Tape, and Furrow) and sub plots included wheat genotypes (Alvand, Toos, and two lines C-81-4 and CD-5009). In spite of different amounts of water used in the studied irrigation systems, results showed that grain yield of the evaluated genotypes did not have significant differences in different irrigation systems, although the difference between grain yield in the tape and the furrow irrigation system was around 1000 kg/ha. Also, differences among the evaluated genotypes were not significant. Water productivity in the tape, sprinkler, and furrow irrigation (regardless of effective rainfall), was 1.6, 1.1 and 0.69 kg per unit of water consumption, respectively. Water productivity in tape irrigation increased about 132% and 45 percent compared to furrow and sprinkler irrigation. Economic evaluation, however, showed that sprinkler and tape irrigation systems had economic justification for all of the evaluated genotypes in comparison with furrow irrigation. Besides, sprinkler irrigation had economic preferences in comparison to tape irrigation.

Nowadays with water shortage crisis, increased productivity in the agricultural sector is inevitable. The present study dials with the evaluation of two irrigation systems under different levels of water irrigation on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of corn. The experiments were conducted in a split plot design based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three levels of full irrigation, 85% and 70% in main plot and two irrigation systems, furrow and tape irrigation. According to the results the grain yield in drip (tape) irrigation was higher compared to the other system significantly. Applied water in I2 was 1470 m3/ha less compared to that in I1 and water use efficiency was increased 10.5%. In drip irrigation under I2 yield, weight of 1000 grains, number of seeds in a row of corn and number of rows of seed in corn decreased 4.9%, 3.6%, 7.1% and 6.8%, respectively compared to that under I1. According to the results, to achieve higher water use efficiency and less water consumption for corn production in the study region, drip irrigation under 85% of water requirement application in suggested.

The goal of this research was evaluation of tape irrigation levels, 100%, 70% and 40% water requirement (T100, T70 and T40) and furrow irrigation (F) on the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of summer tomato. The experiment was conducted in a randomized completely block design with four treatment and three replication for two years in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center. The resuls showed that the highest yield was in T100 and T70 with 54.6 and 53.4 t.ha-1 in yield, respectively and increasing yield was 25% higher than Furrow irrigation. T40 treatment with the lowest yield (42.9 t.ha-1) had a significant difference at 1% with T70 and T100. Water use efficiency(WUE) was highest in T40 (11.4 t.ha-1) but there was no significant difference between it and T70 treatment. In a general manner average of WUE in all tape irrigation levels were about 2.3 times furrow irrigation. So T70 treatment was proposed for Khouzestan climate conditions. No significant difference was between irrigation levels on tomato quality characteristics including Acidity, Scorbic acid and Sitric acid but severe deficit irrigation level (T40 treatment) was caused to increase Brix. Although soil salinity was not significant difference between irrigation levels, but it was significant for soil depth, So that average of soil salinity in 0-30 cm was 1.4 dsm-1 which it was 38% higher than 30-60 cm soil layer.

An experiment was performed at the Miyandoab Agricultural Research Station to study yield and water use efficiency of furrow and tape irrigation systems in one-row and two-row planting patterns, and to investigate density of grain corn SC704. The experimental design was a completely randomized block arranged in Strip Split Plots with three replications in 2010. Irrigation treatments were applied in vertical plots, and planting arrays of different densities were applied in horizontal plots in the form of split plots. The vertical plots were comprised of four irrigation treatments, including three levels (80%, 100% and 120%) of water requirement by use of drip tape irrigation and 100% of water requirement in furrow irrigation, and the horizontal factor was a planting array in the form of single-row and two-row planting patterns and the sub factor was comprised of three levels: 75, 90 and 105 thousand plants per hectare. The results showed that furrow irrigation had the highest rate of grain yield, about 18.6 ton per hectare, and the treatments of tape irrigation of 120%, 100% and 80% had 18.4, 18.2 and 14.9 tons per hectare, respectively. Although the furrow irrigation treatment had higher yield than the rest, there was no significant difference between treatments except for the 80% of tape irrigation. Thus, by utilizing tape irrigation without a great decrease in the yield, water use efficiency improved. The comparison between treatments of tape irrigation of 80%, 100%, 120% and furrow irrigation led to grain yields of 2.3, 2.2, 1.9 and 1.4 kg/m3, respectively. Also, the highest water use efficiency and maximum yield were obtained from 90000 plants per hectare.

As irrigation system installation is expensive and time consuming، it would be better to have an estimate of the water content provided by the system in the active root zone before designing an irrigation system. In this study، HYDRUS-2D performance was assessed under a tape irrigating in-situ with a heavy textured and relatively heterogeneous soil in Rasht region. Three different flows i. e. 2. 5، 5، and 6 L/h/m and four irrigation times i. e. 1، 2، 3، and 4 hours were considered as the main treatments with three replications. Measured data were compared with the simulated results for both the whole soil profile and the part under the tape using two statistical indices، i. e. RMSE and efficiency factor (EF). The model performance was evaluated as good، with a low average RMSE of 0. 0123 and 0. 0236 cm3/cm3 for the whole soil profile and under the tape، respectively، with the corresponding average EF values of 77% and 76%، for this soil texture. Overall، the model could satisfactorily simulate soil moisture in a heavy textured and heterogeneous soil.

An experiment was conducted in 2011 to evaluate the effect of weed interference on sunflower yield in deficit irrigation and to study the grass and broadleaf weeds growth at different moisture condition. The experiment was arranged as factorial, randomized complete blocks with four replicates per treatment. Treatments included different moisture conditions [40%, 60%, 80%, and 100 percent of crop water requirement (CWR)], and two weed interference levels: hand weeding and weedy condition. A plot with furrow irrigation was kept as control. The results showed that sunflower grain yield was significantly affected both by moisture condition and weed interference. Weed competition decreased crop grain yield by 23%, 21%, and 30% in tape irrigation at 100% and 80% CWR and furrow irrigation treatments, respectively. Weed biomass severely decreased as water deficiency increased. The maximum weed biomass was observed in the tape irrigation with supplying the 100% of CWR, which was 17% greater than the furrow irrigation. Weed biomass also decreased with increasing the water stress up to 64%. In regions where water resources are limited and farmers have to use deficit irrigation, the joint effect of weed competition and drought stress may be severely harmful to crop yield; therefore, controlling weeds at the earliest possible time is crucial to save the stored moisture for crops.

Due to the scarcity of water resources, the need for sustainable development of drip irrigation tape is essential in Iran. A number of drip irrigation tape systems used in sugar beet fields of Isfahan and Chahar mahal va Bakhtiari provinces were evaluated and were compared with furrow irrigation methods in two consecutive years. The actual water use efficiency (WUEsy, WUEwsy) in lower quarter, water use efficiency potential, uniformity of water droppers in lower quarter, uniformity of water movement from water droppers, Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient, uniformity water distribution as well as quantity and quality of sugar beet were investigated in this study. The actual water use efficiency varied in the range of 49 to 74.5%. The average uniformity distribution coefficient of water droppers was 73.8% and Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient was 82%. The drip irrigation tape system had significant difference with furrow irrigation method in terms of water use efficiency in sugar yield and recoverable white sugar (P£0.05). These values were 0.91, 0.78 and 0.65 and 0.53 for drip irrigation tape and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. Both irrigation systems had no significant difference in terms of root yield and sugar beet crop quality parameters. The average water use efficiency in sugar yield and recoverable white sugar for drip irrigation tape were 0.91and 0.65 Kg. m-3 and for furrow irrigation system were 0.78 and 0.53 Kg. m-3, respectively.

In order to study the effect of surface and local irrigation (Tape) methods on yield and water use efficiency of three common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different planting patterns, a split split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Khoramdareh region, Iran in 2011 and 2012. Khomain, Talash and COS16 cultivars were planted in sub sub plots, furrow and without furrow were placed in sub-plots and surface and local irrigation (Tape) methods were considered as levels of the main factor. Results showed that tape irrigation increased seed yield up to 28% in comparison to the surface irrigation in pinto common bean cultivation. Khomain and COS16 produced 36% and 32% more yield than Talash cultivar, respectively. It was duo to higher seed number per plant in COS16 and higher 100 seed weight of Khomain cultivar. COS16 showed a better response to local irrigation and furrow planting pattern, because it has type I (erect type) growth form. The response of cultivars to irrigation methods and planting patterns was different, so that the highest seed yield was obtained from Khomain cultivar with tape irrigation and without furrow (3329.8 kg/ha), Khomain cultivar with tape irrigation and furrow (3020 kg/ha) and COS16 cultivar with tape irrigation and furrow (3010.4 kg/ha). The highest value for water use efficiency 1.12 kg/m3) was obtained by local irrigation (Tape). In tape irrigation method, volume of used water was 32% lesser than the surface irrigation and seed yield was increased more than 28%. All cultivars produced higher yield in tape irrigation method, but they showed different responses to the planting pattern.

One of the ways for forecasting wetting front and moisture in different points of irrigated soil is to use operational models. Nowadays، according to water resource deficiency، no-tillage system is regarded by many engineers because of its high water applying efficiency. In this study، the performance of HYDRUS-2D has been assessed for a no-tillage system. Hence، in 2007، a field under a corn crop and irrigated with tape in Montpellier، France has been considered and soil moisture at different depths measured by a neutron probe in different depths before and after irrigation in mentioned field for a month and was compared with simulated moisture according to two statistic indexes، i. e. RMSE and EF. Results indicated that the model can simulate satisfactorily soil moisture under no-tillage system، after irrigation by exhibiting that RMSE values are o. o11 and 0. 023 (cm3/cm3) and the efficiency factor of model are 96% and 87% at first and end of simulation period، respectively. Coefficient of determination values were calculated too، being in average 0. 96. All in all، it can be concluded that the performance of HYDRUS-2D in simulating soil moisture under no-tillage is very good; so this model can be used in irrigation management in no-tillage.

Prediction of weed emergence timing would help minimize crop yield loss and reducing herbicide use by optimization of the timing of weed control. Therefore, seedling emergence evaluation was conducted in different irrigation levels (40, 60, 80, 100 percent of crop water requirement and furrow irrigation) to develop a thermal time seedling emergence model for Amaranthus retroflexus L. in sunflower field. Weed seedling emergence was monitored in plots from late-May through mid-September during growth season. Cumulative seedling emergence for A. retroflexus was described against thermal time using the Gompertz and Weibull functions. The Weibull model predicted seedling emergence of this species in different irrigation level with reasonable accuracy. The RMSE values of the model were ranged between 4.4– 9.7 percent showing that the predictions agreed closely with the observed seedling emergence. This species showed different patterns of emergence and thermal-time requirement for the onset of emergence in different irrigation levels. However, at 56 thermal-time unit, emergences occurred in different irrigation levels. In 80 and 100 percent of crop water requirement, there was an early peak of emergence followed by lower emergence later in the season. At thermal-time unit of 288, 90% of A.retroflexus seeds emerged in the furrow irrigation, suggested early emergence pattern of A.retroflexus in this irrigation system, while, seeds required 381- 413 thermal-time unit for 90% emergence in the tape system, indicating a late emergence pattern in tape system. Delay in seedling emergence could decrease weed competition ability against sunflower; however, late emergence could allow this species to escape weed control practices because most weed management strategies (e.g. cultivation and herbicide applications) are implemented early in the season.