جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مشارکت » در نشریات گروه « آب و خاک »

Water shortages today are exacerbated by the gap between supply and demand, resulting in misuse of underground water resources and declines in aquifer levels. In Fars province, the plain of Sarvostan is also one of the most critical areas when it comes to water resources. As a water consumption technology, volumetric water meters were proposed in a plan known as the aquifer recovery plan in order to manage water resources in this plain. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the factors affecting participation in the aquifer recovery plan of Sarvostan plain, and in terms of the research method, it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the users of underground water resources in Kohnjan district of Sarvostan city (N = 1293), which was studied by stratified random method with proportional assignment of 384 farmers. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the face validity of which was confirmed by obtaining the opinion of panel of experts. The reliability of the measurement tool was also confirmed by conducting a pilot study and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.90-0.68). Data were procossed and analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 25. According to the results of the logistics test, participation in the plan was largely determiened by trust, enjoyment, and the intention to participate. A comparison of the variables contributing to participation revealed that subjective norms, self-concept, attitude, intention, level of education, income, area under cultivation, ownership level, and irrigation interval were significantly deffierent from participation-averse stakeholders. In contrast to participation-averse stakeholders, participation-prone stakeholders had significantly lower average percieved cost, ages, children, and household size. Finally, to improve participation in the aquifer recovery plan, operational solutions were presented.

The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive and analytical framework of a type of governance that, in addition to updating and making the components of governance more intelligent, will increase social participation in all fields, especially in the issue of environmental geopolitics. In order to achieve the aforementioned goal, this research was conducted by reviewing the studies conducted in the fields of governance and metaverse, using the descriptive-analytical method and citing library sources. In this research, while asking why the movement from the third type to the first type of governance coordinates, as well as the need to update the components of the first quadrant of governance coordinates, using the emerging metaverse industry, the concept of metaverse governance is explained and its analytical framework in order to reach a way of governance. Community-oriented - result-oriented - native-oriented, it is argued. Then, participatory management derived from the perspective of metaverse governance is discussed and the methods of applying this type of management in solving environmental geopolitical issues are discussed. In general, the use of the metaverse industry in educational and interactive structures and its effect on the application of participatory management in the field of environmental geopolitics provides the possibility for the leaders of the country's environmental governance to change the paradigm in the way of governance from a government-centered to a community-centered type. Accelerate and change the country's environmental governance pillars from the third quadrant of coordinates to the first quadrant of governance types.

In recent years, development strategies have changed from emphasizing the central role of the government to improving the participation of NGOs and non-governmental organizations. The present study aimed to survey effective factors on participation for management of the Ghale-Chay irrigation and drainage network in Ajabshir county of East Azerbaijan province. The research type was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included 894 farmers. The sample size (n=201) was determined using a systematic random sampling method. Based on the experimental model and using SPSS26 software data analysis was performed. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed by the researcher. The results of multiple regression showed that in total 0.508% of the variance changes of the dependent variable "participation in irrigation network management" are explained. According to the rate of β statistics; the variables of education with -0.406 have the highest and the appropriate function variable with access to farms with the value of 0.197 have the least effect on participation in irrigation network management. It can be concluded about education that the current situation in network management does not meet the expectations of educated people. Therefore, regarding the proper function of access roads to farms, because the agricultural type of the region tends mainly towards the traditional, the effect of this variable from farmers' point of view is not significant

The science of hydrology is the basis for decision-making in water resources management and assessing related risks including floods, droughts, and pollution. Despite its vital relevance to the society, this discipline is facing a severe shortage of data in appropriate spatial and temporal scales. This is especially true in low-income and underdeveloped countries due to lack of information and high cost of the monitoring process. Therefore, data collection by local communities and volunteers and monitoring through public involvement is considered effective in this regard. Citizen science entails the involvement of researchers and local volunteers in the process of data collection and analysis, scientific knowledge development, sharing information and encouraging interaction and responsiveness between local communities and natural environment. Literature review shows a limited number of social studies on hydrology and water resources, indicating low leaning to citizen science in water resources management compared to other disciplines such as ecology and astronomy, but there is an increasing trend due to increasing the importance of water resources. Results of researches show that if citizens are adequately educated, the reliability of collected data by citizens can be acceptable. Therefore, considering the potential of citizen science and use of technologies, the reliable, timely and long-term hydrological data can be obtained and used in decision making and management of water resources.

In recent decades, "good governance" has attracted the attention of many scientific communities. Each researcher has defined good governance with different dimensions and goals. Different views on good governance have complicated the explanation of criteria and related indicators. Confusion over the selection of good governance criteria, especially in the field of natural resources, has become a major problem for researchers. The main reason for this challenge is to confront of natural resources with both natural and social dimensions. In fact, the contrast between these two dimensions increases the lack of integration, Disaffiliation of the Stakeholders and the lack of managerial holism in the field of natural resources. In this study, good governance criteria have been summarized through library studies using descriptive-analytical method. Then, good governance criteria in natural resource management have been proposed. Understandably, recognizing, applying and evaluating good governance criteria and indicators will improve the state of natural resource management.

Human achievements have led to large advancements in technology which along with the beneficial and valuable effects have also had catastrophic social consequences due to the lack of proper use and management. Therefore, ethics are considered as one of the critical components in the growth of science and culture. Engineers have a high social status with privileges that come with it. In return, it is expected from them to be responsible in their profession and carry out their duties as well as satisfying expectations of the public, protection of the environment, preventing the occurrence of catastrophes, and acting as role models for the next generation which incorporates both macro and micro dimensions of ethics. Training ethics in different educational levels (primary, secondary, and high school) facilitates the compliance at university level, which then increases the students’ flexibility in learning ethical problems in the engineering profession. The participation of students and engineers in compiling ethical instructions increases their effectiveness, and enables each generation to solve their social and professional problems. In this paper, some case studies such as the collapse of the Quebec bridge, the Chernobyl disaster, the Fukushima catastrophe, the gradual drying of Lake Urmia, groundwater table drop, land subsidence, and unsustainable development of modern irrigation are investigated. The engineering mistakes, the decisions taken, and how the crisis was managed based on the ethical aspects of each of the aforementioned test cases are investigated for their carelessness, negligence, ignorance, and deliberate mistakes.

Actor’s collaboration in strategic water management activities, decision making and decision aiding are integral principles of sustainable development. Lack of cooperation and ignorance of the actors about their actions and failure to put them in the decision-making position will lead to their feeling of lack of belonging to the future fate of the water and their inevitable consequence will be their inability to conserve water resources. Therefore, the importance of actor collaboration in water management decisions can be emphasized. If the collaboration implement, help to prevent future water scarcity. The purpose of this study was to establish consensus on optimal water management in Kashafrood catchment. In this research, after identifying and analyzing key and effective actors, identifying the status quo and formulating strategies, the landscape of the catchment will be explained in a horizon that will have a stable equilibrium in water resources and consumption. Below this perspective, 19 basic strategies and 63 macro policies formulated. Due to the multitude of policies formulated, roadmap tools were used to facilitate the outlook. The main components of the roadmap in this study are: reforming the structure of executive management, promoting water culture and community empowerment, reforming and enhancing economic, financial and technical policies, enhancing skills, upgrading systems data, processing and analyzing them, and amending laws and regulations. The most effective way to implement formulated policies is to collaborate in decision aiding sessions and raise their awareness. Collaboration meetings will not be able to solve the water management problems of this basin without creating a common understanding between managers and water users.

Achieving to participation of farmers will not be achievable without considering an operational package that simultaneously encompasses three pillars of water, namely "government", "market" and "local communities". So that by understanding the economic conditions of farmers (stemming from the market), the role of the state in the market institution becomes pathology and recognition, and then could be a meaningful and legal relationship between the three pillars of water governance. To clarify the role of local communities in reducing the water crisis, it is better to have a rational and meaningful link to the governance of the water (Ministry of Energy-Jihad-AgricultureAgricultural Bank-parliament-Judiciary) and to work together. It can add to the efficiency of the third pillar, the market institution (supply and demand of agricultural products and inputs). Fortunately, the interaction of these three pillars in the context of water governance has been extremely ineffective and has created bad water governance in the country.

The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water in the world and Iran. Since the Iran is a country with limited water resources, planning for optimal management of water resources is essential. According to the fact that any plan will not succeed without the participation of farmers, the purpose of this descriptive -correlation study was to study factors affecting farmer's participation in water resource management. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of academic experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.77-0.83). Farmers in Miandoab city formed the population of the study and 134 samples were selected using cluster sampling. The results showed that the level of participation of farmers in water resource management was moderate, with an average of 3.37 on a 5-point Likert scale. Result of multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that six variables including farmers 'knowledge about the management of water resources in agriculture, the farmer's knowledge of concepts and methods of participation, competency officials and civil servants in the implementation of irrigation projects from the perspective of farmers, the attitude toward participate in water conservation projects, the convergence of social cohesion and morale of farmers and the use of agricultural loans explained 45.4 percent of variance of participation in water resource.

The unsustainable exploitation of groundwater resources has reduced the level of stagnation and has caused the crisis of Iran's plains. Given the strategic role of these vital resources, conservation of groundwater resources is one of the most important issues of today's human societies. The study seeks to answer the question by investigating the" legal dimension "of the country's groundwater authority how much the legal dimension of the country's groundwater body has strengthened the framework for cooperation or has led to an intensification of the water conflict? The theoretical framework governing this research is "institutionalism." Based on the "qualitative" research method and using the "content analysis" tool, the text of the laws related to groundwater resources of the country was analyzed. This content analysis was based on the dimensions related to participation and disputes in the institutional matrix. Therefore, the data used in this research are related to the text of the laws established since the Mashroteh Revolution until now (1906-2016) in the groundwater's basin and similarly written documents. The results showed that without the presence of people, the possibility of proper planning and the possibility of operating the programs would not be possible in any way, and the role and position of people in the coordinate axes of the water crisis should be seen, and even the design of this situation also is a need for the participation of civil society institutions.

Irrigation canals leading to increased resistance against scour the walls and water losses. They can be reduced influence that water in the soil. So the irrigation canals are essential for increased efficiency of water. Primer irrigation canals need for operating and maintaining that is costly and should be paid by government and public sector. Therefore, the participation of farmers in the operating and maintaining is essential. This study surveys has been conducted fieldwork in the third grade irrigation canals city of Rasht. The specific objective of the study is to investigate the factors affecting farmer's social-economic and professional farmers in the participation of, operating and maintaining of irrigation canals. The questionnaire was the main toll for collecting data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 15 subject specialists and reliability assessed with Cronbach's alpha 0.75 Obtained. The population of this research was 203 paddy farmers. By Gorgesi-Morgan formula 133 samples were selected with random sampling. The results showed the individual characteristics age, education, land holding, total income, social and economic condition of paddy farmers with participation of operating and maintaining of irrigation canals have significant positive relationship.

Increasing demand on water resources has led to the challenges related to increased water stress and exacerbate conflicts, disputes and lack of collaboration between the various stakeholders there. The social evaluation of local beneficiaries according to the method network analysis to identify the challenges and opportunities that advance planning and sustainable management of water resources is required. The social capital of local beneficiaries using social network analysis approach is examined in Sarab-e Shah Hossein Village of the Razin watershed located in Kermanshah province. The results indicate a high level of social capital based on trust and Participation relations and cohesion and stability of the network is very strong in against of tensions and crises are evaluated. Also the high degree of unity and Solidarity among the people will cause cost and time of implementation of cooperative water resources to be reduced. It can be argued that, based on high levels of trust, collaboration, cohesion and social capital among the people of the village, a successful water resources co-management is expected to be operating. Moreover, successful water resources in the local level is impossible without the social monitoring of stakeholders and this method is effective in achieving successful water resources co-management at the local level.

According to the current challenges toward low water use efficiency in agriculture, paying attention to the role of public participation in order to improve irrigation efficiency and effectiveness with useful methods and tools is essential. Hence, approaches such as participatory irrigation management has been proposed and applied. After the primary investigation in this study, experiences of irrigation and agricultural joint-stock company of Mojen -Shahrood has been studied as an example of successful management of irrigation networks in last five decades. Therefore, social, economic and environmental impacts of the company have been investigated using qualitative methods and SWOT analysis. The most important social impacts of the company’s activities were establishing justice toward water distribution; regulating water distribution; minimizing offenses and theft of water; reducing in water conflicts; increasing confidence in the company; and reducing the immigration rate. In addition, the main economic effects were: more water use efficiency; livelihood improvement; orchards development; increase in lateral activities besides agriculture and horticulture in the region; creation of job opportunity in the city. About the environmental impacts, it can be mentioned that by constructing canals and planting trees and shrubs on the riverbank, floods have been effectively controlled. Implementation of cement/stone canals and optimal distribution of water have reduced flooding and damage to natural species and forests in the area.

Factors such as poor management and improper operation and maintenance, dissatisfaction of farmers, and the deterioration of irrigation networks under governmental management have made it essential to successfully transfer irrigation system's management to farmers. The purpose of this study was to identify the most important factors affecting successful transition to privatization of irrigation networks management from the viewpoint of water users in the Qazvin network. Sample size was determined using Cochran formula and individual farmers were selected using multi-stage sampling method (n=127). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the judgment of a panel of faculty members and experienced experts. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated for the main scales of the questionnaire (0.92). The results showed that the most important factors were facility and financial support of government, skill and proficiency level of irrigation network operators, transparency of the goals and the institutional management method, trust in farmers and their involvement in different activities, and development of technology and machinery. By using exploratory factor analysis, factors in the successful transition were summarized in three factors including trusting and financial/technical support of farmers, administrative transparency, and education and dissemination of information.

Shortage of water is one the main factors limiting the development of agricultural activities and farmer participation is critical to improve on-farm water management and crop productivity. This research was done with aim to identify impeding and facilitating factors influencing on using new irrigation methods by farmers in west Boshroyeh Township in Southern Khorasan. The methodological approach was a descriptive-correlational study of survey type. The statistical population of the study was consisted 100 farmers in West villages of Boshroyeh Township. Using stratified sampling method, 80 farmers were chosen. Information was gathered through a questionnaire and its face validity was confirmed by faculty members and experts of agricultural extension and irrigation. The reliability analysis was conducted with completing 30 questionnaires and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for main parts of questionnaire was 0.75 and 0.72, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that there are significant relationships between amount of farmers´ ovation from new methods of irrigation (95%), type of operations for attracting farmers participation (99%), farmers opinion about threat of their future agriculture affected by water shortage (95%), importance of using new irrigation methods for agriculture (99%) and number of farmers´ meeting with extension worker every month (99%) and impeding and facilitating factors influencing on using new irrigation methods. This study has recommended performance of extension education class and facilitates farmers using loan for setting up new irrigation methods.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the factors affecting farmers’ attitudinal dimensions toward participation in Water Users’ Association (WUA) by comparing two groups of farmers in irrigation networks with WUA and without it. The methodological approach was a descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative study of the survey type. The target population in the study consisted of 2551 farmers of irrigation networks in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province, Iran. Using stratified random sampling technique, 335 participants were chosen. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS, V.13. Content and face validity of the instrument were obtained by the faculty members of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agronomy and Irrigation Departments at Tarbiat Modarres University and also specialists board of Agricultural Jihad Organization and Regional Water Joint-stock Company in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. The reliability analysis was conducted and cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated between 0.73 and 0.86. The descriptive findings of the study showed that the majority of farmers’ overall attitude with respect to participation in WUA was at a good level. The results obtained from Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there are significant and positive relationships between such variables as education level, size of irrigated cultivated landholding, annual income, extension contacts, social capital components, water users’ perceptions regarding irrigation networks status and farmers’ participation status concerning irrigation networks management with the farmers’ overall attitude toward participation in WUA. The result of stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that 61.1% (R2 = 0.611) of the variance in farmers’ attitudes with respect to participation in WUA could be explained by farmers’ behaviour regarding optimum farm water management, social participation, social confidence, water users’ perceptions regarding irrigation networks status, farmers’ participation status concerning irrigation networks management. Also, significant differences were found between the two respondent groups in irrigation networks with WUA and without it in relation to farmers’ attitudinal dimensions.

Experience has shown that all centralized planning, policy-making and decision-making which presuppose exclusion of public participation have never been successful in achieving their objectives. The goal of this research is to determine the driving and preventive factors of herders’ participation in rehabilitation designs of Aghghala ranges in Gorgan Province. The research method was direct observation in which measurement techniques were used. A questionnaire was used to divide the sample society into two categories: the experts who design the range management system, and the local herders. Results obtained from this investigation showed that according to the experts training, economic, planning and social parameters have the greatest effects on local herders’ participation while the herders maintained that planning, economic, training and social parameters have the greatest effect on decreasing their participation.