جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « grain protein » در نشریات گروه « آب و خاک »

In order to investigate the effect of soil amendments, zeolite and superabsorbent polymer, on the quantity and quality of sesame yield under drought stress, a factorial experiment was performed in randomized complete block design with three replications, at Research Field of College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, in 2017-2018. Treatments included irrigation at two levels of 50% and 100% water requirement and amendment materials at 6 levels of Z0, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5. (Z0= Control, Z1=adsorbent polymer (125 kg / ha), Z2 = 11.2 ton/ hect of zeolite and Z3 =6.2 ton/hect of zeolite, Z4= zeolite 11.2 ton / hect of zeolite + 125 kg / hect of adsorbent polymer, Z5 =6.2 ton/ hect of zeolite + 125 kg /hect/ of adsorbent polymer) In this study, 1000-grain weight, percentage of crude grain oil, crude protein of grain, plant height, grain yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, oil percentage, grain protein, plant height, and sesame grain yield were affected by different levels of irrigation and amendments at 1% probability level. Also, harvest index and water use efficiency were affected by different levels of amendments at 1% probability level. Oil percentage, grain yield and harvest index were affected by interaction effects of irrigation levels and amendments at 1% probability level. The highest grain weight, percentage of crude grain oil, crude protein of grain, plant height, grain yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency were observed in Z4 treatment. The results showed that the change in irrigation level from 100% to 50% significantly reduced yield. The highest amount of 1000-grain weight in different levels of amendments was 4.12 g in Z4 and the lowest was 2.89 g. in Z0 treatments Also, the highest amount of crude grain oil in irrigation and different levels of amendments was 56.8% and 40.5%, respectively. The highest and the lowest amount of crude protein in response to different levels of amendments were 15.7% and 13.1%, respectively. The results showed that drought stress had a negative effect on plant growth, but the use of zeolite and superabsorbent polymer partially offset this effect.

Among growth factors, proper nutrition plays an important role in increasing yield and the quality of wheat grain.  Wheat in most human societies is a strategic product and the main supplier of protein and calories needed by communities. Among growth factors, proper nutrition plays an important role in increasing yield and the quality of wheat grain. Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in the cytoplasm of the plant and plays an important role in plant physiological functions. Its deficiency reduces the qualitative and quantitative yield of crops. It is an essential component in the basic stages of protein biosynthesis. Its deficiency results in a decrease in wheat protein. The results showed that a small amount of potassium was needed in the establishment and wintering stages of wheat and it was highly required at the later stages of plant growth and the plant requirement reached its maximum in flowering stage. This illustrates the importance of taking potassium partition. Among the low nutrient elements, Zinc (Zn) is the most important element that is clearly deficient in calcareous soils. Zinc is essential for enzymatic activities and increases the protein, carbohydrate and gluten of wheat grains.

In order to investigate the effect of different sources of potassium (K) fertilizers management on some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of wheat, two experiments were conducted in two fields with lower and higher critical level of K (Kava=125 and Kava= 412mg kg-1) in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications in West Azarbayjan province in 2017-18. Treatments were as follows: T1 = control (use of all essential nutrients based on soil test except K-fertilizer) ; T2 = T1 + whole sulfate of potassium (SOP) before planting; T3 = T1 + consumption of 50% K from (SOP) before planting and 50% from muriate of potassium (MOP) in two topdressing; T4 = T1 + consumption of 50% K from SOP before planting and 50% from soluble sulfate of potassium (SSOP) in two topdressing; T5 = T1 + consumption of 50% K from SOP before planting and 50% from SSOP + Zn-EDTA in two topdressing periods during the first stem elongation and wheat heading. Basal elements based on soil analysis results were as follows: at site one, containing 250 kg ha-1 potassium fertilizer, 150 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate and 100 kg ha-1 pre-planting urea fertilizer, and at site two potassium and urea similar to site one and 75 kg ha-1 triple phosphate. Topdressing 120 kg urea ha-1 was used in two stages i.e. the first stem node and the emergence of cluster at both locations. The size of the plots was 4 m2 and the interval was 2 m. Mihan cultivar was planted at a density of 500 seeds m-2 and 180 kg ha-1 using a linear grain harvesting machine. After determination of yield parameters, soil and plant composite samples were prepared and taken to the laboratory. Physical and chemical analysis of soil was performed using conventional methods at the Soil and Water Research Institute. Statistical analysis of data for different traits at two locations was performed using SAS statistical software version 9.1. Mean comparisons were undertaken using Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level of probability.

The results of this study revealed that in the field (1), K-fertilizers increased grain yield and protein content. In this field, T5 was the best treatment in comparison with the other treatments. Split application of SSOP+Zn-EDTA was the best treatment and increased potassium fertilizer efficiency (KUE). Topdressing of SSOP+Zn-EDTA compared to other K-fertilizers, due to having available K and Zn, increased the kernel, grain yield, grain protein, straw weight and Zn content. While KUE in T2 was 5 kg kg-1, it became 6 kg kg-1 in T3 and T4 , and increased up to 8 kg kg-1 in T5. However, in the field (2) due to its higher content of available K, application of K-fertilizers had no significant effects in all treatments. In the field (1), applying the optimum amount of fertilizer (T3), increased wheat yield by 1300 kg ha-1 compared to the control treatment. However, T5 increased the yield and fertilizer efficiency by 11% and 60%, respectively, even with respect to T3. Therefore, split application of K-fertilizers should be conducted based on the soil analysis result.

Topdressing of soluble sulfate potassium +Zn-EDTA compared to other K-fertilizers, due to having available K, Zn and SO4, increased grain yield, protein, straw weight and Zn content, and fertilizer efficiency.

Water stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. To evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on the growth and yield (quantity and quality) of Onobrychis sativa under water deficit condition, a greenhouse factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2014. Treatments included five species of mycorrhizal fungi (Fanelormis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis caledonius, Glomus versiforme and non-mycorrhizal control) and two levels of irrigation (irrigation at 80% [well watering] and 50% [water deficit] field capacity [FC]). The highest grain yield (9.187 g/plant) was obtained from the stressed plants inoculated with Rh. intraradices with the same grain yield of F. mosseae inoculated plants (8.867 g/plant). With a significant reduction in the grain yield of stressed plants, mycorrhizal relationships even increased the yield more than the well-watered plants. Despite the decreases in the grain protein and phosphorous of water-deficit stressed mycorrhizal plants, the highest grain protein content was obtained from the plants inoculated with G. versiforme, and the highest grain phosphorus content was obtained from the plants inoculated with F. mosseae. Mycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the yield and the quality of Sanfoin grain in water deficit stressed plants due to reducing root volume against the stimulating root elongation. In this way, the species G. versiforme exhibited the greatest positive effect.

Limited water resource in arid and semi-arid areas is one of the most important problems in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the use of non-conventional water resources becomes more important. For this reason, a study was conducted on barley to evaluate the effect of irrigation with sugar plant wastewater as a factorial randomized complete block design field experiment. Treatments include water well I1, wastewater I2, combined water and wastewater I3 (the ratio of seven to one, according to local practice) in two levels of without water stress S1 and %75 water stress S2 and treatment I1S1 was considered as control. The results showed changes in surface tension of %1 had a statistically significant effect on plant height, grain yield and root length. As well changes of irrigation water in the level of %1 had a statistically significant effect on plant height, grain protein yield and root length. Maximum grain yield was obtained in treatment I1S1 with the weight of 4034 kg per hectare and lowest grain yield was obtained in treatment I2S2 with the weight of 1564 kg per hectare. The lowest and highest percentages of protein content were observed in treatment I1S1 for 12.37% and treatment I2S2 for 13.47%, respectively. The plant height showed the highest amount in control treatment, i.e. 82.87 Cm.

considered is an important objectives of sustainable agriculture,environmental protection and achieving inclusive development.Therefore it seems essential method that can reduce the excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers.The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of plant growth promoting microorganisms and effect of combination nutrition systems,chemical and bacterial on stages phenology,yield, yield components wheat grain protein precedent variety N8019.Experiment was conducted in research farm of agricultural research stations baykola affiliated with agriculture and natural resources research center of mazandaran in 2011.The study was conducted a split plot and to form randomized complete blocks design with 12 treatments and 3 replications.Treatments included fertilizer(nitrogen and phosphorus) as the main factor in three levels:1- noconsumption(C0), 2- equivalent to 50% of the fertilizer recommendations(C1),3-equivalent to 100%of the fertilizer recommendations(C2) and two types of biological fertilizers which contain nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteriaas the subsidiary factor in 4 levels: 1-noinoculation(B0), 2-seeds inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria(B1),3-Seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria(B2), 4-Combined application of bio-fertilizers(B3).The results of the analysis of variance experiment run indicated which effect of different treatments, including the use of 100% chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers on plant phenology, yield and grain protein rate, was significant at the 1% but greatest influence on the aforementioned components is achieved through the combination treatment(100%chemical fertilizers+biofertilizers) and interaction effects.Thus the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat in the compilation system (bio-fertilizer and chemicals) than when used alone had a better result.

Understanding the nitrogen remobilization by plant, in order to obtain cultivars with higher quality, has specific importance in plant physiology. In this experiment, a bread and a durum wheat cultivar, were treated with different rates and times of nitrogen application, by using split factorial on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications at Shiraz region during 2001-2002. Main plots consisted of two levels of cultivars ( Falat and Yavaros) and sub plots included nitrogen (40, 80 and 160 (kg ha-1) and times of nitrogen application (T1= all N fertilizer at planting , T2= 1/2 at planting + 1/2 during stem elongation and T3= 1/3 at planting + 1/3 during stem elongation + 1/3 at heading stage). The results showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars in flag leaf nitrogen content at maturity stage, N remobilization and its efficiency from flag leaf to grains and also grain protein percentage. Durum wheat was more efficient in nitrogen remobilization and therefore, had a higher grain protein percentage. Increase in rates and times of nitrogen application had significant effect on most of the measured traits. There were significant interactions between cultivars, rates and times of N application, indicating that durum wheat was more efficient in N remobilization from flag leaf to the grain. It appeared that N remobilization efficiency was the important factor affecting the grain protein percentage. Also increases in yield are associated with corresponding decreases in wheat protein.