جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "استان مازندران" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد کشاورزی"

Agricultural development has been emphasized as one of the dimensions of sustainable rural development. In this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting the development of citrus cultivation in Mazandaran. The statistical population of this research was made up of 200 experts active in the citrus field of the Agricultural Jihad Organization and its subordinate units and 148,238 gardeners in Mazandaran. that Using the Cochran formula, 127 experts and 306 gardeners respectively were sampled in Available and randomly selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a group of specialists and experts. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a group of specialists and experts.  Also, Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, which that showed the value was calculated as 0.912. The results of exploratory factor analysis on 43 variables of citrus cultivation showed that six factors were identified as the main factors that Include: environmental, technical, economic, structural, social and cultural-educational, in total, they explained 51.8 of the total variance of factors affecting the development of citrus fruits. Finally, according to the obtained results, practical suggestions have been presented. Addition to, using LISREL 8.8 software, the factors affecting the development of citrus cultivation were confirmed.

Medicinal plants not only have economic advantages but also can improve social health. In spite of developing the plantation of medical plants throughout Mazandaran province, one of the main challenges of that the farmers are faced is the marketing of their products. Present study aimed to analyze marketing of medical plants products, and to present appropriate marketing strategies based on farmers’ views. Statistical population included the farmers who were cultivating medical plants in the eastern part of Mazandaran province (Sari, Neka, Behshahr and Galogah Township). 339 farmers were selected as sample by stratified random sampling using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Descriptive and quantitative research method, survey technique and questionnaire tool were used to collect data. The research results showed that farmers mainly sell their products through retailing, brokers, or medicinal herbs sellers. The most important challenges in the cultivation and marketing of medicinal plants have been the high cost of production inputs, the small number of processing and packaging workshops, low international exports, the inability to access to financial credits, and the low awareness of farmers about the marketing of medicinal plants. based on the farmers’ view, strategies such as granting low-interest financial credits, setting up processing workshops, training and empowering farmers in the field of marketing, facilitating the issuance of licenses, creating permanent and temporary markets for direct sales, guaranteed purchase by the government and providing consumption subsidies, can improve marketing of medicinal plants

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to education and extension in management of rangelands of Mazandaran province. The research is of applied type and field research in Mazandaran Province. Population consisted of all Extension and rangeland management experts in 12 counties of Mazandaran province that in relation to the expert’s population in each of the counties related to livestock and rangeland activities through random and available sampling method, the statistical sample of the study was selected that the sample size of 110 people was obtained using Morgan formula. The main research tool included a questionnaire. Its validity (form and content) was confirmed based on the collective opinion of experts from Jihad Agriculture, Natural Resources Management, Environment Organization, Rangelands and Forests Organization in Mazandaran Province, faculty members of Department of Agricultural Extension and Education and Rangeland of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the reliability (0.798). The reliability was found to be acceptable. The results of factor analysis showed that: 1) Economic-supportive barriers; (2) infrastructural-technical barriers; (3) rangeland management system barriers; (4) socio-cultural barriers; (5) Political-institutional barriers were the five barriers to application education and extension in management of rangelands. These factors explained 74.66 percent of the total variance. Finally, the proposed research model in rangeland ranchers and rangeland brokers (policy makers) has provided solutions to reduce barriers and problems in extension rangeland management. Keep up with the research results development of the use of appropriate extension methods such as training and visit approach and participatory approach and prioritization of training and extension needs in the rangeland management department of the province to disseminate information and practical skills among rangeland users, integrating knowledge and indigenous skills with new technologies in conservation Recommended from pastures and livestock production.

Increasing rice production in Iran due to the scarcity of production resources requires increasing productivity. In order to achieve this goal, the land equipping and renovation project has been implemented in the country. Since the most important rice - producing province in Iran is Mazandaran province, the main goal of present study is to analysis the effect of implementing land equipping and renovation project on productivity in paddy fields of Mazandaran province. For this purpose, the required information was collected by filling out a questionnaire from seven cities of Mazandaran province for the crop year 2017-18. The Tornqvist-Theil index was used to calculate the total factor productivity of first cultivation rice. Then, to investigate the factors affecting productivity, linear regression models was estimated using ordinary least squares method. Also, logistic regression model was used to determine factors distinguish between high productivity farmers and low productivity ones in first cultivation rice. The results show that in both linear and logistic models, the variables of land equipping and renovation project, land rent, geographical area (east vs. west of the province), production technology in the form of improved varieties (high yield vs. local) and doing second cultivation, as well as specialization of farmer have had a positive effect on productivity while the scale of production has no effect on productivity. The calculation of the marginal effect based on the Logit model shows that the land equipping and renovation program is one of the most important factors affecting rice productivity so that the implementation of this project have caused to increase probability of achieving a higher than “average productivity of all farmers” up to 28 percent. Based on the results, considering that implementation of land equipping and renovation project has taken many years, it is recommended to pay attention to implement it as soon as possible in other parts of the Mazandarn province.

In this study, it was tried that by theoretically elaboration and designing a model in form of Ricardian model and using panel data approach based on Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model, the effects of climate change on production and profit as a measure of rice producer rent within cities of Mazandaran province during the period 1990-2011. Results of this study showed that the climate variables have significantly non-linear impacts on Rice production and cultivation area rent. Within cities where cultivation temperature has been effective on farmers’ rent, Sari has the most negative rents (-5108220, Rial per hectare) than other cities and the Noshahr has least negative rent (-1601270, Rial per hectare). Enhancing spring and summer temperatures have positive effect on rent, and once it becomes less than critical value, rent would be negative. Due to the temperature in summer, the highest rent achieved in the Sari (154372, Rial per hectare) and the lowest was Noshahr with 6084 Rial per hectare. rent and by increasing this factor, rent would alleviate.

Choose the reasonable and effective decisions in the field of regulation of agricultural product needs to be aware of the coefficient of price and cross elasticity of demand function. In this study, demand system of meat product included hen, beef and aquatic meat estimated in the form of almost ideal demand system (aids) during the period of 1987-2011. According to the results of research, aquatic meat demand was High-sensitive and hen meat demand was constant sensitivity. Hen and beef meat have income elasticity between zero and on and aquatic meat with Income elasticity greater than one, is luxury product. Also in the period under study, according to cross elasticity of demand estimated, all three types of meat products are considered substitute. Due to the low coefficient of cross elasticity of demand for all types of meat (Meat elasticity of Aquatic-Hen 0.2, Meat elasticity of Beef-Hen 0.21 and Meat elasticity of Beef - Aquatic 0.33), Should not be expected to change in the price of meat, altered significantly other meat demand

Sericulture is a lateral work with rural basics which has a short growth period, high incomes and requires a small investment. This activity has frequent potentials to development because of appropriate natural conditions of Mazandaran province. Given the land and available technologies restrictions in order to production increase, one of the best ways to improve manufacturing is efficiency level promotion of sericulture units. The present study follows the sericulture grower efficiency status to suggest proper solutions in order to improve profession development. Statistical population of the study was 1150 sericulturist that sample volume was 240 sericulturist using Cochran formula. Sampling was performed as multistage cluster and samples were selected from each cluster as simple randomised. The main tool for research was questionnaire. Data analysis were conducted by DEA method. The results of study showed that technical, allocative and economic efficiency means with assuming constant to scale is 0.727, 0.514 and 0.351 respectively.

Traditional markets of bony fishes, the low proportion of fishermen from fishing and against, unfavorable market conditions and the high price in fish markets are major problem in Mazandaran Province’s fish market. In this market, consumer dissatisfaction and fishermen simultaneously, has created major problem for policymakers. According to consumer interests and the elimination of waste intermediate will be one of the most important factors to improve performance and market share, producer (fisherman). Designing coastal markets and selling fish caught, In addition to providing fresh fish and healthier for the consumer, will create more satisfactory to the attractiveness of these coastal markets. On this basis, this study explores the feasibility of the coastal market in types of bony fish in the province in 2012. For this purpose, 684 questionnaires to a two-stage cluster sampling between coastal and non-coastal provinces were collected. The results of the Logit model analysis indicated that in the coastal market of white fish, mullet and carp, At best; consumers are willing to pay the 16.418, 16.657 and 13.197% more than average prices. Also at worst; they are willing to pay the 7.634, 6.280 and 5.243% more than average prices. In non-coastal markets also showed that in best, consumers are willing to pay for the coastal market, 14.302, 12.590 and 11.185% and at worse they are willing to pay 5.243, 6.02 and 3.995% more than average prices. Therefore designing the coastal market according to reduce transaction cost to wholesale and retail market and for increasing fisherman’s market share will be necessary.

Sericulture is one of lateral agriculture productions. Some of its features such as short period of Rearing, low investment and appropriate incomes for rural people especially at their leisure times turns it into a more special job. This study aims at determining proper functional form of sericulture and economic valuation of inputs. The study has been performed at Mazandaran Province. Statistical population of the study was 1150 sericulturist that sample volume was 240 sericulturist using Cochran formula. Sampling was performed as multi stage cluster and samples were selected accidentally from each cluster. For determining proper functional form at first 5 functional form (Cobb-Douglas, Transcendental, Translog, Quadratic and Generalized Leontief) were estimated that the Cobb-Douglas form was determined as the optimal model. The results obtained from Cobb-Douglas functional form estimation showed that inputs usage amounts were optimal and silkworm rearing at Mazandaran is located at second region of production range. Also, economic value of silkworm egg 3868339, berry leaf 3313and labor 229506 Rials were calculated.

Many families believe that the use of powdered milk in the production of foam and especially cheese decreases its nutritional valueof and this belief has been led to changes in consumption attitudes of the these families.therefore this study estimated the willingness to pay in order to buy cheese produced from natural milk and determined effective factors on this willingness to pay by completing 201 questionnaires from consumers of cheese in Mazandaran province by using the contingent valuation method and Logit model. The results showed that the consumer who have tendency to quality on average would like to pay 14.94% and concumers who tendency to price on average would like to pay 14.76% more than currently price of cheese for buying cheese produced from natural milk. Also this study showed that more importance to the quality of the cheese compared to the cheese prices from the consumers perspective, education, the monthly demand, price per gram of cheese, household income, buying from farmers, buying the cheese because of being healthy cheese and tend to consume a more cream cheese or white cheese have significant and positive effect and variable number of household members, number of people interested in cheese and Bid variable significantly have had negative effect on the individual willingness to pay. It is proposed that the dairy companies along with existing brands pay attention to Iranian natural cheese brand produced from natural milk. So that if they be able to create this ensure for consumers by using natural cheese brand that cheese has been produced with natural milk, then consumers are willing to pay more compared to the current prices in the cheese market.

Fluctuations in food prices are one of the challenges of the economic history of Iran that had resentment among all groups of the population and Followed challenging the authorities and the authorities have been seeking. Thus, the stability and regulation of market equilibrium prices of these products and creating permanent prices are traditional concern of policy makers. Always Meat product had been the most important and essential products for Iranian society. In present research, demand functions of Meat products estimated in urban region of Mazandaran province in term of 1988-2013. After coefficient test, results denoted that between the four systems demand IROOT, CBS, AIDS and INBR, only the inverse demand system NBR (INBR) is consistent with research data. Results show that INBR system is compatible system according to data. Also compensatory and non-compensatory cross elasticity’s show that all type of meat are substitution. According to Scale elasticity, Beef is a Luxury product and Chicken and Aquatic Meat are normal and essential product.

Due to importance of farm management, mathematical programming models plays an important role in determining the optimum cropping pattern. In this research, goal programming model was applied to optimize the cropping pattern in the five scenarios. The objectives of this study include maximizing gross margin (scenario one), environmental conservation (scenario two), increase in employment (scenario three), sustainable development of water resources (scenario four) and simultaneously achieve these goals (scenario five). Sampling method of this research is two-stage stratified sampling and 493 questionnaires has been completed from 19 counties in Mazandaran Province. The results show that the achievement of the objectives of economic, social and environmental simultaneously (scenario five) is the most appropriate model. The model of this scenario create reconciliation and balance between these goals and offers holistic advice for province cropping pattern which provide all objectives relatively by increase 4 percent in current gross margin, decrease 2.85 percent in fertilizer consumption, decrease 0.38 percent in pesticide consumption, increase 8.48 percent in employment and decrease 0.9987 percent in water consumption.

Regarding to role and importance of conversion and compietion industries in preventing to agricultural waste، establishment of these industries is an appropriate solution to agricultural development. Regarding to this problem that these industries are faced with inadequate supply of raw materials in terms of appropriate price and quality in their location، this study is ranking the cities of mazandaran province in terms of the ability of conversion and compietion industries in the agriculture sector. For this reason، ENTROPY and VIKOR techniques were used. The results show that capabilities of Behshahr، Neka and Sari cities are more than other city in establishing of these industries. So it is Suggested that future investments and planning for the Convertion and compietion industries، take place in these cities، which have the lower costs and higher value added.

This study investigates factors affecting of farmers'' willingness to land use changes in Mazandaran province. For this purpose، Tonekabon، Chalous، Noshahr، Mahmoudabad townships and Sari city which had the most land use changes in the province were selected. Required data gathered from a sample of 150 farmers in rural areas of mentioned regions and logit regression model was used to determine factors affecting willingness to change land use. The results showed that increase in price of land was the most important factor and this caused farmers to sell their land for housing construction to get higher income. Also، there was a positive relationship between age، non-agricultural employment، total cost of production and willingness to change land use and increase in farming experience، farm size، rent and agricultural income led to decrease in land use changes. Based on the results، implementing of policies such as reduction of agricultural input cost، increase in rice price parallel to inflation rate، extending low-interest and long-term loans to low-income farmers and land consolidation are recommended.

Detection of influential variables on acceptance of agricultural and horticultural products insurance by farmers can improve the proper policy making processes in this section. In this study, several variables such as bank loans beneficiation, number of family members, cultivation area (ha), damage compensation, participation to promotion classes, farming experiences (year), education level, age, income source, and awareness of farmers regarding the agricultural products insurance was taken in to consideration as the basic variables in admission or rejection of insurance of the citrus and paddy products in Sari and Ghaemshahr townships. Logit model results indicated that some variables such as number of family members, education level and income source had direct and significant effect on the citrus insurance acceptance by farmers whereas some other variables such as cultivation area showed the inverse significant effect in this regards. Furthermore, in case of paddy farmers, variables such as age, bank loans beneficiation and income level directly and significantly affected the insurance acceptance whereas, numbers of family members have a negative effect in this regards.

Aquaculture is one of the productive activities that can have major roles in increasing production and consumption of fish. The important role of effective marketing in aquaculture is to give enough choice for both producers and consumers from its early start. This research investigates the marketing situation of cultured fish in Mazandaran province and determines marketing margin and effective factors. Results revealed that total marketing margins for common carp, silver carp, grass carp and bighead fish are 10199, 6078, 12371, and 4387 Rials per kilogram respectively and also in all types of fish, the retailing margins are higher than those of the wholesaling margins. The marketing cost coefficients for carp, silver carp, grass carp and bighead are 7.74, 5.81, 12.87, and 11.75 percent respectively. The average marketing inefficiency rates for carp, silver carp, grass carp and bighead are 31.34, 46.62, 25.2, and 62.55% respectively. The estimated marketing margins function for warm-water fish shows high and direct effect of the retail prices and the values of procured products for sale and wholesale prices, marketing costs and the quantity of total production of the farms are also directly affected in marketing margins. This is so due to the nature of price determination in sailors’ fish markets where it depends on the supply and demand in selling times. Planning of some effective policies for controlling the supply and demand is suggested.

The role of agriculture sector is important in earning foreign exchange. To sell products in international market, they must be competitive. This study investigates comparative advantage in Mazandaran province, by using common indices and linear programming method in 2006-2007. In the process, dollar and euro were used. The results of linear programming showed that among crops which had comparative advantage, rice, irrigated yam, irrigated and rain fed barley, rain fed soy been, irrigated tomato and rain fed lentil were in optimum model. Most limited factor of production was land. The results indicated that adding one hectare to irrigate and rain fed land, would increase, net social profit by 25 and 18.5 million Rials, respectively. Sensitivity analysis for outputs and inputs was done individually. Estimation of model by using dollar showed similar results with euro. Finally, based on the results, development of rice and oilseeds was recommended.