جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « استان کرمانشاه » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Changing the pattern of production has been known as the basis of all the developments that have taken place in economic revolutions since the beginning of human life. Therefore, the root of all the problems of developing countries can be traced to their production patterns. The knowledge-based revolution has transformed all economic and social relations in recent decades, providing developing societies with a unique opportunity for growth and development. But no revolution in itself encompasses all societies, and the use of the capacities created requires adaptation to the new pattern of production. Kermanshah province has significant capacities in the agricultural sector. However, due to the traditional production model, which is inefficient and has low productivity, agricultural activities in this province have little achievement. The present study is dedicated to designing a Pattern for the realization of knowledge-based agriculture in Kermanshah province. To achieve the research goal, the qualitative method of Grounded theory based on a systematic approach, including the three main stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, has been used. The required information has been collected through 31 in-depth and purposeful interviews with agricultural experts. Findings show that Technological development is at the heart of knowledge-based agriculture. Attitudes towards knowledge-based agriculture, legal procedures, and inefficient management processes are among the most important factors hindering Technological development. Training Experts of Agriculture- Jahad Organization and farmers, financial support for small enterprises, and reforming the business regime to support knowledge-based companies will help achieve the realization of knowledge-based agriculture in Kermanshah province.

Today, with the spread of inequality in different parts of the world, societies face uncertainty about the needs of life, one of them is food security. Iran is considered as a high-risk region, and the difference in food security across the provinces of the country is widely visible.. In the present study, FSI index and Quantile Regression method were used in the years 1979-2017 based on two scenarios to study Food Security in Kermanshah Province. The results of this study indicate that in both scenarios, Food Security in Kermanshah province is directly related to calorie per capita, annual calorie per capita growth, food production index, self-sufficiency index, and indirectly to consumption changes. But the amount and intensity of the relationship between the quantiles are different. According to the results of this study, implementation of policies that lead to the development of employment in this province can help to improve food security.

The present paper was done by using of survey method, field studies and determining strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats method (SWOT) to provide strategies for sustainable development of tourism in rural areas of Kermanshah province. For this purpose, at the first, the internal and external factors affecting on rural tourism management in Kermanshah province were identified and in the next step, the QSPM matrix was analyzed and formulated. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was calculated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The survey population included 50 persons of experts and managers of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of the Kermanshah province, that 17 person of them were purposely selected. Findings of the research showed that among the four strategies in order to develop rural tourism from the point of view of statistical population, offensive strategies are the most appropriate strategy. According to the results of the quantitative strategic matrix, we can consider the following strategies in order to manage the more effective rural tourism. The priority order of strategies is based on the overall weight and weight of those in modification and motion toward sustainable development. For example, "review for optimal and objective use of tourism benefits" strategy has a high appeal in terms of impleentation of sustainable rural tourism management. Also, the results showed that according to the managers and experts views, the central strategy is a revision strategy with 3.61 score (WO).

Nowadays, rural tourism is considered as one of the most significant sectors of economic activity. Rural tourism can provide opportunities and facilities especially for rural employment and income, and provide a fertile ground for the development of small businesses and entrepreneurship. Therefore, the current applied research seeks to investigate the accelerators of rural tourism entrepreneurship development in the tourism destination villages of Kermanshah province. To implement the present research, qualitative methods were used. The population of this research was comprised of experts and practitioners in the field of tourism in Kermanshah province, which were a total of 15 people. Based on the content of the interviews analysis results, proponents were classified into two categories of "support groups" and "regional and sub-regional opportunities". In the meanwhile, the open source continuous and periodic monitoring of resorts, hotels by health care and veterinary centers" in the category of "appropriate climate opportunities and appropriate facilities", open source "the high culture of people in accepting rural tourists" the category of "support groups” are considered as the most important factors in the development of entrepreneurship in the field of tourism.

The most comprehensive definition of food security, defined in 1996 World Food Summit, as follows: “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, Safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. Food Availability: The availability of sufficient quantities of food of appropriate quality, supplied through domestic production or imports (including food aid). Food Access: Access by individuals to adequate resources (entitlements) for acquiring appropriate foods for a nutritious diet. Entitlements are defined as the set of all commodity bundles over which a person can establish command given the legal, political, economic and social arrangements of the community in which they live (including traditional rights such as access to common resources).
Utilization: Utilization of food through adequate diet, clean water, sanitation, and healthcare to reach a state of nutritional well-being where all Physiological needs are met. This brings out the importance of non-food inputs in food security.
Stability: To be food secure, a population, household or individual must have access to adequate food at all times. They should not risk losing access to food as a consequence of sudden shocks (e.g. an economic or climatic crisis) or cyclical events (e.g. seasonal food insecurity). The concept of stability can, therefore, refer to both the availability and access dimensions of food security.
The complexity of food security estimation is beyond its definition and analysis. The indices such as the ratio of food supply per capita to required food, self-sufficiency, changes in production and consumption that shows sustainability in supply are usually used at global and national levels. This study used an index, which is satisfactory to estimate food security in Kermanshah Province, by considering an important part of the factors effective in food security. The index was offered by IFAD and it was calculated as follows:
In the above relation:xl is the daily calories supply per capita in proportion to the required calories,
x2 is the annual growth rate of daily energy supply per capita,
x3 is food products production index,
x4 is self-sufficiency index,
x5 is production changes,
And x6 is consumption changes.
The first relation of this equation shows food security on the side of supply and demand (production and import) and the second relation shows it on the side of production. Means of the weight of two expressions, i.e. food consumption security with a coefficient of 0.77 and food production security with a coefficient of 0.23, shows food security index. Therefore, both the overall foodstuff supply and internal production role should be considered for a correct estimation of food security condition. Of course, further weight is considered for the first relation because supply provision in the first place is important - even through importing.
In this study, the food security of Kermanshah province has been assessed by using the FSI index. The results of calculations during the years 2004-2015 showed that the average of food security index, taking into account the 2100 calories standard, indicated the existence of food security in Kermanshah province, and considering the standard of 2300 calories, there was evidence of a lack in the food security of Kermanshah province. Another result of this study was that Kermanshah province has been self-sufficient in producing major food products during the studied period.
The detailed food security index in the province provides the following suggestions to improve the food security situation:1- According to a survey conducted in the country, the unemployment rate of Kermanshah province according to the statistical center of Iran in the autumn of 2017 was 25.6%, which has the highest unemployment rate in the country. According to the self-sufficiency index of Kermanshah province, in all years this province has self-sufficiency in agricultural production and have no problem, but the problem of unemployment and consequently the low-income level of citizens causes the reduction in food security. Therefore, the implementation of policies to improve the province's employment status will consequently lead to improving food security.
2- Although Kermanshah Province has been in a favorable position in terms of self-sufficiency index of agricultural production; by developing the mechanized and modern agriculture of this province, it is possible to develop production and employment as well as to export agricultural products to other provinces, And even other countries of the region.
3- In the field of agricultural production in Kermanshah province, the necessity of adding conversion industries is felt because in this province, mainly, agricultural products are used raw and are not used industrially. On the other hand, Conversion industries will promote the value added of primary products and ultimately lead to improving food security.

Understanding various aspects of the problems, challenges and constraints of agricultural activities such as mushroom ventures and trying to plan and policy for solving problems are suitable strategies for developing agri– businesses. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explain the challenges and constraints of developing mushroom Ventures in Kermanshah Province. Information were collected by observation and depth interview from five active and almost four inactive production firms by interviewing with seven executive and education experts in the Jihad agricultural organization and vocational- technical organization in Kermanshah Province. Using techniques in interviews was typical cases and snowball sampling. Content analysis of interviews showed challenges and constraints for developing mushroom Ventures in Kermanshah Province instance two major categories (performance problems and mushroom producers problems) and seven conceptual classes. A performance problem including five classes (poor infrastructure development, government failure in policy- protection support, organizational problems, problems in the production cycle and science– research problems). Also, in sector of production there are two classes (mushroom producers problems and producers compost problems). Results showed that according interviews opinion most problems of mushroom Ventures in Kermanshah Province instance: equipment failure, lack of financial support, inefficiencies in the banking, failure of management system, educational deficiencies, problems in mushroom firms rooms and high risk taking in agricultural production.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of farmers in Kermanshah Province to soil conservation practices (SCPs) and its effective factors. Statistical population consisted of all farmers in Kermanshah Province. Using the formula of Cochran، 176 individuals were selected as sample. The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the expert group and its reliability was calculated by using Cronbach''s alpha coefficient (α>0. 7). Data was analyzed by SPSS software. The results of the study showed that the majority of the Respondents (53. 4 percent) had moderate attitude to SCPs. Results of the mean comparison showed that there was significant difference in the attitude of farmers to SCPs based on membership or non membership in rural organizations and receiving loan or no loan. Also، results of regression analysis indicated that 27. 4 percent of the variance of the attitude changes to SCPs is explained by three variables: «knowledge about SCPs»، «attending training - extension courses» and «education level of farmers”.

The objective of the current study is to identify the role of professional development components in developing organizational entrepreneurship in Agricultural Extension Management of Kermanshah Province. The study was fulfilled by using correlation method and relational-causal model. All the agricultural extension agents in Kermanshah province equal to 456 people formed the population of this study. According to Morgan table، 210 people were chosen as the sample size and for suitable classification a stratified random sampling method were applied. Research tools include questionnaire and its validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of the university professors and experts of Ramin and Tehran universities and its reliability using Cronbach''s alpha test for the organizational entrepreneurship development. Institutional-participatory and Financial-managerial components professional development، respectively (α=0. 87، 0. 92، 0. 92) was calculated، indicating that the suitability of the research tool. Data analysis using correlation and path analysis test was using SPSS version 15. Results showed that that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the variables of organizational entrepreneurship development and professional development components (P=0. 01). The results of path analysis show that out of seven variables of professional development components، three variables of employees'' professional development by using researching-learning opportunities of the organization، the organization''s cooperative skills and employing g managerial supports of the organization had the most causal effects respectively on organizational entrepreneurship development in Kermanshah province''s agricultural extension organization.

Small farm landholdings couples with scattered plots have created a major challenge in agricultural development in Iran. Land fragmentation provides an appropriate strategy to overcome current problems in Iranian farming systems. Therefore، the purpose of this qualitative study was to shed light on development pathologies in terms of land rehabilitation، reconsolidation، and improvement in Miandarband region in Kermanshah Township. Using purposeful sampling، rural farmers in Jelogiresofla، Safieabad، and Sarabshele villages were interviewed through focus group sessions. A grounded theory approach as suggested by Strauss and Corbin was used as a frame of the study. Open coding، axial and selective coding was utilized as a basis of data analysis. The summary of findings was presented through visual techniques such as problem tree and matrix ranking. Results revealed that land improvement in Miandarband region is faced with the following challenges: environmental problems such soil degradation، technical problems inherent in land improvement، lack of attention to traditional beliefs among farmers، a reductionism view to rural development among policy-makers، lack of farmers’ participation، weak human resources، lack of commitment among project administrators، and economic loss. The result of this study has implications for rural development projects. Land improvement pathologies pointed out in this study can be used as a basis for future projects in Kermanshah Township.

The present study was conducted to analyze student's willingness to initiate Small businesses. The population of the research was comprised of all the graduate and postgraduat students of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University of Kermanshah)N=151). Using Kerjcie & Morgan Sampling Table, 96 students were selected as the experimental sample employing stratified Proportional Sampling Method. The main instrument of the study was a researcher-made questionnaire together with a conducted pre-test. The validity and reliability of the instrument were respectively confirmed by a panel of experts and through calculation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by means of SPSSwin18 software. Results indicated that most of the participant students in the study were not of the appropriate attitudes, knowledge and willingness towards creating small enterprises. A comparison of means revealed significant differences between attitudes, knowledge and willingness of the students as regarded their participation in entrepreneurship education courses. Also correlation analysis showed a significant difference between knowledge and attitude of students with their tendency towards initiation of small enterprises. In addition, as based on the results of factor analysis, barriers in the way of small businesses to be initiated were categorized in five factors of 1) capital, 2) motivational-communicational, 3) educational, and finally 4) supportive-skilfulness.

Limited water resources in Iran and excessive use in irrigated farms, especially in rice cultivation has revealed necessary to increase valuable water factor productivity in rice cultivation. This study has been conducted to calculate and analysis of non-parametric indices of water partial factor productivity in rice cultivation in Mazandaran province, Iran. Thus, data were gathered from production cost of 690 rice farmers in the Jihad-e-Agriculture database of Mazandaran province in 2010 if that were selected by simple random sampling. The results of this study shows, with the increased acreage in the province, increase productivity of water consumption. Also, high-yielding varieties of rice seeds than other rice varieties its highest value is assigned in nonparametric partial productivity indices. These indicators can be compared to experts, managers and decision makers to identify existing problems and ways to help improve water productivity.