جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اشتغال زایی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

This study aimed to rate the entrepreneurship components in agricultural tourism with an interpretive structural modeling approach. In this qualitative research, Grounded Theory Method was used to identify the components, and interpretive structural modeling approach was used to rate them. In this regard, deep interviews were conducted with experts in the field of tourism and agriculture. The interviewees were selected using purposive sampling method and snowball technique. The criterion of sampling adequacy was the data theoretical saturation which obtained in the twentieth interview. After conducting the interviews, the components were extracted based on the Grounded Theory within three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Accordingly, "climatic and environmental attractions, diversity of cultivation patterns and experience and attitudes of tourists" as causal conditions, "rural planning and migration system" as intervening conditions and "capacity building and government support" as context conditions were identified. Strategies include "advertising and branding, management and planning, training and empowerment, and optimization of tourism patterns" and the consequences include "entrepreneurship development and job creation and economic growth and welfare". Also, using interpretive structural modeling, it was determined that advertising and branding, diversity of cultivation patterns and climatic and environmental attractions were at the fourth level, education and empowerment at the third level, tourism models selectivity at the second level and management and planning, capacity building and government support and experience and attitude of tourists came first. Therefore, it is suggested to encourage the private sector to invest in tourism-related infrastructure through advertising and proper awareness.

Accordingly in this study, the effect of investment development policy in agricultural sector on employment has been investigated using social accounting matrix 2011. Results in 4 scenarios (increase of five, ten, fifteen and twenty percent investing in agriculture) show that, the employment of the whole economy increased by 2,32 , 4,63 , 6,95 , 9,27 percent in each of the above scenarios. In addition total employment resulting from each of the above scenarios mainly concentrated on building, agriculture and services. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the above mentioned sectors in the employment plans. It can also be said that, the effects of job creation on the economy as a whole (9.27% increase) and in each economic sector, due to the implementation of the last scenario, has been more in agriculture than in other sectors. The study of employment multipliers also shows that agricultural sector has the highest employment multiplier (0.008 people - jobs) among different sectors of the economy and as a result this sector requires the least amount of capital to create a unit of employment.

Total aquatic production of the Islamic Republic of Iran has increased from 72105 tons in 1978 to 1282475 tons in 2019. In 2018, Iran ranked second in aquatic production in the Middle East and 19th in the world. Aqua culture production increased from 4935 tons in 1978 to 338,000 tons in 2012 and 526747 tons in 2019. From 2012 to 2018 total aquaculture products increased 44%, shrimp culture 371% and sturgeon culture 515%. There are also many potentials in this sector to diversify production, increase foreign exchange, provide food security and increase aquaculture production in the country. During the last five years, Hormozgan provinc (among the coastal provinces) and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (among non-coastal provinces) had the best performance in increasing of aquaculture production. On the other hand, in terms of production indices in 2018, Mazandaran province was the best coastal province and Lorestan province was the best in non-coastal provinces. Also, in terms of productivity and employment indices, the best coastal province was Sistan and Baluchestan province and the best non-coastal province was Isfahan province. Growth rate of aquaculture is very high in world. In Iran, growth rate of aquaculture is similar to the world. Investment of the government on aquaculture is necessary for aquaculture growth.

From the past to now, the rural management issue always has been one of the most controversial topics in the academic and executive sector of the country. This led to the use of different management patterns by planners and authorities at different times. In recent years, the rural think tankbecame a new model for the comprehensive development of rural areas. It seems that this model tries to promote a comprehensive management quality in the field of socio-economic development of rural areas in all over the country. Studies showed that there was no research on the achievements of this new experience in rural areas of the country. Therefore, in this qualitative research, we tried to investigate the achievements of the rural think tankby using a case study in the village of Zardouee, Baiangan, Paveh city of Kermanshah province. For this purpose, information collected using semi-structured dialogue techniques, dialogue with key response, dialogue with focus groups, personal observations, drawing up the historical chart of the production system by the members, and reviewing the village biography. Then the extracted data were categorized using the contractual content analysis method. To determine the accuracy of the data four indexes was used including; acceptability, reliability and transferability. Based on the findings, the rural think tankin Zardouee has such accomplishments such as: participation, solving basic problems (problem-oriented), facilitating administrative affairs, training, elitism, employment, capacity building, reverse migration, marketing and market oriented and so on. According to the achivements of the rural Think tank, it is recommended to managers and rural development planners of the provinces; use this management model as a suitable model for realizing government goals and plans in rural areas.

In recent years, trade liberalization has become one of the main objectives of governments and policymakers. In this regard, removing import tariffs is the most important step that can have significant effects on production, employment and welfare. Undoubtedly, eliminating tariffs will reduce domestic producer's power over the foreign producer, and this will affect employment in the entire economy. Accordingly, the present study examines the effects of removing agricultural sub-sectors tariffs on direct and indirect employment using the input-output table in 2011. To achieve the research goal, after import tariffs were calculated for agricultural sub-sectors, the effects of eliminating import tariffs were examined on agricultural sector and its sub-sectors including agriculture, horticulture, animals breeding, forestry and fishing on employment. Thus, due to the removal of agricultural import tariffs, will be created 3.7 percent and 2.6 percent reduction in direct employment and indirect employment, respectively. As a result, due to trade liberalization in the agricultural sector, indirect employment will decline more than direct and indirect employment. Based on indirect employment index, in scenarios eliminating import tariffs for agriculture and horticulture, animals breeding, forestry and fishing, decrease by 5.4, 0.26, 0.52 and 0.03 percent respectively. According to these results, it can be said that removing the tariff barriers of agricultural sub-sectors, in addition to reducing direct employment, also leads to a reduction of indirect employment and more effective on sectors that have strong links with this sub-sector. Therefore, it is recommended, the government pay attention to indirect effects on the employment sector to other sectors before any action to remove import tariff sectors.

Lack of access to adequate and affordable credit for investment is a handicap for farmers. Due to the increasing needs of farmers to credit, determining their credit demands, recognizing the impacts of credit on employment as well as willingness of farmers to obtain loans from informal sources are important. In this study, The results reveal that there is no causality relationship between employment and credit but employment is caused by credit. The results also indicate a correlation between demands for credit and output prices. Farmers are more motivated to invest on their activities with increasing the prices. Demand for credit has an indirect relationship with interest rate; however, interest rate does not directly impact the demand for credit.