جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « environmental pollution » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Regarding the importance of environmental issues, identification of the factors affecting environmental pollution has been considered more than ever. The present study examines the effects of electricity consumption, financial development, foreign direct investment and economic growth on carbon emissions in Iran over the years 1970-2016.

For this purpose, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag method was used. To verify the Stationary, Augmented Dickey Fuller, Zivot – Andrews and Lee, Strazicich tests were used. Also, to investigate co-integration, Gregory-Hansen test were used.

The results of the ARDL model estimation with presence of Structural Break show, electricity consumption and economic growth has a positive effect on carbon emissions. And with a one percent increase, carbon emissions increased by 0.58% and 0.05%, respectively. The relationship between financial development and carbon emissions is negative, with a one-percent increase in financial development, carbon emissions will fall by 0.09 percent. The relation between foreign direct investment and carbon emissions is positive, which shows that the Pollution haven hypothesis has been approved in Iran and with a one percent increase in foreign direct investment, carbon emissions will increase by 0.01 percent.

Based on the results, and given that Iran is considered as a renewable resource, except for the rich countries, it is essential that, with a streamlined plan, both the release of budget and GDP from the trap of oil revenues, towards the replacement of renewables In order to maintain energy resources, environmental pollution will also decrease. It is also imperative that the government and legislators in Iran seek to raise funds for the reconstruction of the country's manufacturing sector, especially the industry and the use of environmentally friendly technologies.

The impact of global climate change warnings and ozone depletion on the global economy has attracted many researchers in recent decades, and many international organizations have taken action in response to these problems, including co-engagement Montreal, Kyoto, and Paris treaties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the emission of some pollutants as an indicator of environmental pollution and macroeconomic variables such as energy consumption and foreign trade, and the effects of the obligations of member states in these treaties on the emissions of these pollutants. To this end, the matching approach has been used based on the desirability and regression of the difference-in-difference. The results of the alignment approach indicate a reduction in the emissions of carbon dioxide and total greenhouse gases for the Kyoto Protocol, and for the Montreal Treaty, the results of the alignment approach have contributed to the reduction of pollutants of hydro-fluorocarbons.

Reducing pollution and achieving economic benefits with cleaner environment is one of the most important issues in recent decades. In this research, a macro approach was applied to assess the economic factors affecting environmental pollution in Iran during the years 1971-2013. The results indicated that the effect of variable energy consumption was at high levels of statistical significance, so that by 10 percent increase per capita energy consumption is expected that per capita emissions increased in the long-term and short-term by about 8 and 6 percent respectively. Also by 10 percent increase in urban population growth is expected that per capita emissions reduced in the long-term and short-term about1.2 and 0.86 percent respectively. Trade liberalization had negative impact on the emissions. Thus Iran can not be considered naturally immune against environmental concerns and we propose that at levels of per capita income of over $ 2,300 (second concave curve), that pollution increases more quickly so that politicians should look for more pollution control methods.

Reducing pollution and achieving economic benefits with cleaner environment is one of the most important issues in recent decades. In this research, a macro approach was applied to assess the economic factors affecting environmental pollution in Iran during the years 1971-2013. The results indicated that the effect of variable energy consumption was at high levels of statistical significance, so that by 10 percent increase per capita energy consumption is expected that per capita emissions increased in the long-term and short-term by about 8 and 6 percent respectively. Also by 10 percent increase in urban population growth is expected that per capita emissions reduced in the long-term and short-term about1.2 and 0.86 percent respectively. Trade liberalization had negative impact on the emissions. Thus Iran can not be considered naturally immune against environmental concerns and we propose that at levels of per capita income of over $ 2,300 (second concave curve), that pollution increases more quickly so that politicians should look for more pollution control methods.

Today, environmental pollution is one of the most important problems that human is involved with it, because of technological advances and uncontrolled interventions. Despite this because of the difficulty of estimating the environmental impact and its valuation, still, in many large regional, national and international projects, pollution cost is not calculated or be noted transient. In this study, pollution reduction value of Ajichai River in Tabriz and in watercourse within the urban of Mehran River assessed from the perspective of Tabriz citizens. Therefore, 100 households by using random sampling elected and their preferences by Logit model analyzed. The results show that per household in Tabriz pays average monthly amount of 4500 Rials in this watercourse and it is different for citizens with different social and economic characteristics. Also shown that factors as age, sex, income level, family size and education have significant effect on individual Willingness to pay (WTP). According to monthly average WTP for per household and number of 423660 households in province, value of reducing pollution for Ajichai river in this watercourse equal to 22877.64 Millions Rials annually.