جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ilam (province)" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد کشاورزی"

Over recent years, environmental sustainability, agriculture and food security have been among the most important topics of global attention. Sustainability is based on economic, social and ecological factors. Sustainable agriculture requires a sustainable environment. Therefore, the main agricultural factors are soil, weather, water resources and nutrients, among which the protection of water and soil resources is more important than others for the efficiency of farmers. Although, water resources are essential for the functioning of any economy, they continue to be degraded at an unsustainable rate. This is true for the developed and developing countries due to the nature of their chosen path of economic growth and development. Both surface and underground water have characteristics of public goods, because the people who use them do not pay for their scarcity (whether in terms of quality or quantity) and only pay the cost of private extraction (private goods). When the cost of scarcity is not recognized, it leads to further extraction and pollution of resources and thus, inefficient use of them over time and space. The choice experiment (CE) method has its theoretical basis in Lancaster's consumer choice model (Lancaster, 1966) and its econometric basis in random utility theory (Luce, 1959; McFadden 1973). Lancaster suggested that consumers get their satisfaction not only with simply goods and services but also with their attributes. According to Lancaster, demand is defined over the characteristics of goods, rather than goods themselves. In any CE exercise, respondents are thus asked to choose between the different bundles of goods- which could in fact be alternative designs of policy to provide such goods- described in terms of their characteristics (or attributes) and the levels these take. Offered choices defined in terms of these attributes, utility maximizing individuals will choose the alternative that gives the highest level of utility. According to the theory of random utility, the utility of a choice includes a deterministic component (V) and an error component (e), which is independent of the deterministic part and follows a predetermined distribution. This error component shows that predictions cannot be made with confidence. The choices that are made between alternatives are a function of the probability that the utility associated with a particular option J (for example, the groundwater pollution reduction program option) is greater than other options:  Therefore, the desired data of this study were obtained through face-to-face interviews and the questionnaires filled out by 108 farmers of Dasht Abbas Plain aquifer in Ilam province of Iran in 2022. The study results showed that the willingness to pay was influenced by socio-economic characteristics (including the level of education, age, household size, and environmental orientation) and other factors such as the use of well water. Therefore, to improve the efficiency and universality of the policy, the willingness and heterogeneity of public preferences should be fully considered in policy formulation. Also, based on the results obtained from the mixed logit model and hidden class, the compensatory surpluses of the aquifer improvement scenarios were specified and calculated. The willingness-to-pay values increased from the moderate improvement scenario of the aquifer environment to the optimal improvement scenario. The compensatory surpluses for the desired improvement of the features were estimated about 980 and 1380 thousand IRI rials per hectare per month, respectively. This research showed that the reduction of desertification, the reduction of reeds and the protection of water quality were all determinants of alternative policy plans.Conclusion and Suggestions: This research showed that reducing desertification, protecting water quality, reducing reeds as well as the number of protected rural jobs were all important determinants of farmers' priorities for determining alternative policy. In this context, the results of this research can guide policy makers in improving the design and creation of agricultural environmental risk reduction policies with the social support of farmers; in addition, the evaluation of the heterogeneity of preferences provides a positive perspective for increasing the social adoption of such programs by farmers, especially that the adoption of such programs is of great importance for the study area. Social support for restoring ecosystems that are being destroyed can also be increased by extending the environmental behaviors by people. Increasing public awareness about the importance of environmental behavior increases social self-confidence and as a result, strengthens social support for improving the quality of environment. Based on the study results, the most important suggestion to be presented is to encourage farmers who use well water to continue using underground water and other farmers are also encouraged to use well water by granting them free well licenses or, if they have a well, by using the necessary incentives (purification device) in order to effectively contribute to the improvement of the environment of the Dasht Abbas Plain aquifer.

Dasht-e Abbas plain is one of the most important agricultural areas of Ilam province of Iran, which has suffered environmental problems in recent years. If the new water resource management policy causes an increase in the pollution of underground water resources or in general, damage to the environment, there is no price for this damage in the market. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the non-market value of water entering from the Karkheh dam to the Dasht-e Abbas plain aquifer using the Choice Experiment (CE) method; Also, by presenting environmental and socio-economic characteristics in a questionnaire and data collected from 108 operators, the value of non-use and indirect use of water transfer to this aquifer was estimated. The study results showed that in this aquifer, the highest amount paid was related to soil salinity and desertification with the amount of about 258 thousand IRI rials per hectare per month and the reduction of the reed area with the amount of 176 thousand IRI rials placed in the second rank; and the amount of employment with the lowest amount of willingness to pay was about 69 thousand IRI rials per hectare per month and the total willingness to pay of each reservoir operating household was about 630 thousand IRI rials per hectare per month. According to the study results, estimating the preferences expressed by farmers regarding the extracted characteristics can help planners in managing aquifers before applying any policy or program. Therefore, it is suggested that the authorities and planners of the agricultural sector pave the ground for participation of less experienced farmers in such projects by making them aware of the importance of the environment and its close relationship with their product yields,.

The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities of agricultural production businesses in the rural cooperatives of Ilam province. This study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of research method. In this study, the Delphi method was used. The target population of this study includes; employees working in the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam province and cities, employees working in the management of rural cooperatives of the province and cities, CEO and board of directors of the union and rural cooperatives, board of agricultural experts and the trade union system of Ilam province. A total of 110 people were selected as experts using purposive sampling method. The main tools of the study are interviews and semi-structured and structured questionnaires that were designed in three rounds. To analyze the Delphi stages, the statistical indices of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to determine the degree of consensus of the participants using SPSS software. The results showed that cases such as; creating markets for livestock and agricultural inputs, collecting and packaging livestock oil in the region, establishing a village store (direct supply of agricultural products in cooperation with rural cooperatives) and establishing a specialized store for agricultural tools and inputs are some of the opportunities are available in all counties.

Saffron is a one of member of Iridaceae family. Saffron is used for aims such as lenitive¡ anti-spasm¡ increase of appetite¡ enforcement of stomach. For identify of wild saffron genus in Ilam province¡ we have selected five country and thus in way of random inventory we assessment 3-7sample (Sum 22sample). We used of Mathew identify key. Achieving the aim¡ this paper has studied three species saffron identified involve Crocus haussknechtii Boiss¡ Crocus haussknechtii Boiss and Crocus biflorus M. Results indicate that the most and low frequency of saffron is respectively Crocus haussknechtii Bois and Crocus biflorus M. Also distribution pattern of Crocus haussknechtii Bois is spread in all its country.

This purpose of this research was to recognizing effective factors on using production risk management among wheat farmers in Ilam province and is done in the general framework of survey research. Statistical population consists of all wheat farmers in Ilam province which amounted to 55000 people that statistical sample was determine amounted 380 people by using Krejcie and Morgan table. In order to determining questionnaire reliability was used Alpha Cronbach method (0.82

This study aimed at explaining factors affecting the application of soil conservation practices (SCPs) among farmers in Ilam province. Statistical population of this study consisted of all farmers in Ilam province (N=58336). Using Cochran''s sampling formula، 137 farmers were selected as a sample، for increasing findings reliability، 250 questionnaires distributed with applying proportionally stratified random sampling method. Ultimately 228 questionnaires completed and analyzed by SPSS software. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was established by calculating Chronbach''s Alpha Coefficient (α> 0. 7). Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed that majority (67. 1%) of farmers applied the SCPs in moderate and low level. Results of means comparison showed that there is significant difference between application of SCPs by farmers in the terms of variables of membership or non-membership in the rural organizations and receiving or not receiving loans for implementing SCPs. Also، results of correlation analysis showed that application of SCPs by farmers significantly correlated with the amount of farming land، amount of annual income، level of farmers education، the number of participation in extension-education courses، amount of using information and communication channels and resources، and knowledge and attitude toward SCPs (P<0. 01). Finally، results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that three variables of attitude toward SCPs، number attending extension- education courses، and amount of farming land account for 56. 2 percent of dependent variable (SCPs) variances among farmers in study area.