جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بابونه » در نشریات گروه « اکولوژی »

In order to study the effects of integrated application of organic and bio-fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications at research field of Agriculture Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of Iran in 2013. The treatments were 4 t/ha vermicompost, 8 t/ha vermicompost, nitroxin biofertilizer, integrated application of 4 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin, integrated application of 8 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin and control (without fertilizer). The results showed that treatments had significant effects on studied traits, as the highest dry weight of plant (109 g/p), dried yield of flower (720 kg/ha), essential oil content (0.4%), essential oil yield (2.9 kg/ha) and chamazulene percent in essential oil (24.7%) in treatment of integrated application of 8 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin were obtained. Also, the highest bisabolol A percent in essential oil (44.4%) in treatment of application of 4 t/ha vermicompost and the highest bisabolol B percent in essential oil (12.4%) in treatment of application of nitroxin were obtained. Generally, the highest yield and quantity and quality of essential oil in treatment of integrated application of 8 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin were obtained.

In order to study the foliar application of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate on yield and nutrient concentration of German chamomile, a two-year experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Tabriz in 2008 and 2009. Treatments were foliar application of Iron sulfate and Zinc sulfate separately and combined together at stem elongation, flowering, and both stages with a control. Results of ANOVA showed the significant effect on flower yield and concentration of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and iron. The highest flower yield (2125 kg/ha) was obtained from foliar application of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate at both two stages, that it was higher (57.3 percent) than control. The flower yield in the first year was 12.5 percent more than the second year. Foliar treatments with zinc sulfate at both stages of stem elongation and flowering, ferrous sulfate at stem elongation and zinc sulfate at flowering stage have the most concentration of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium respectively. The maximum concentration of iron, zinc and copper, respectively obtained from sprayed treatments with ferrous sulfate at both stages, zinc sulfate at stem elongation and ferrous sulfate at flowering stage that increased 80.1, 5. and 32.1 percent compared to the control. Thus, from this study concluded that foliar application of chamomile with ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate can lead to flower yield improvement, increase of concentrations of nutrients and remove of their deficiency in the plant.

To evaluate the effect of water deficit stress on yield, yield components, chlorophyll and osmolytes in Matricaria chamomilla, and the effect of super absorbent polymers on reduction of drought stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Faculty of Agriculture of Urmia University on 2008. Treatments included water deficit stress (irrigation after 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm evaporation from pan class A) and varying amounts of super absorbent polymer (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg/ha). Results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed the significant effect of irrigation on dried flower, the numbers of capitol per plant, capitol diameter and receptacle height, and non significant effect on single capitol weight and leaf soluble carbohydrates. While, the effect of super absorbent polymer on was non significant dried flower, the numbers of capitol per plant, capitol diameter, receptacle height, single capitol weight and leaf soluble carbohydrates Interaction effect between water deficit and polymer was significant on the yield of biomass, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and proline. The highest and lowest yield of dried flower (116.83 and 75.98 kg/ha), capitol diameter (0.544 and 0.497 cm) and receptacle height (0.676 and 0.568 cm) were obtained from irrigation after 50 and 200 mm evaporation from pan class A, respectively. But, the maximum and minimum numbers of capitol per plant (199.22 and 91.22) were obtained from 100 and 150 mm evaporation from pan, respectively. The highest yield of biomass (1215.55 kg/ha) was obtained from irrigation after 50 mm evaporation and 0 kg/ha of polymer application, and the lowest yield (164.44 kg/ha) was obtained from irrigation after 200 mm evaporation by using 120 kg/ha of polymer. In this research, chlorophyll a and b had the reducing trend from irrigation after 100 mm evaporation from pan. The greatest proline accumulation (4.001 mg/g dry weight) belonged to irrigation after 200 mm evaporation with 120 kg/ha of polymer, and the minimum leaf proline content (0.748 mg/g dry weight) was observed at irrigation after 100 mm evaporation with 300 kg/ha of polymer. In general, German chamomile tolerance to drought stress was through osmotic regulation of proline, and the yield of biomass was improved by super absorbent application.

In order to evaluate germination, seedling growth and seed composition of German chamomile produced at different irrigation regimes (Irrigation at 30, 60, 90, and 120mm evaporation from pan class A) a randomized complete block design with six replications was conducted in 2009-2010 at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran. Results showed that the significant effect of irrigation on percentage, rate and index of germination, and however nitrogen and phosphorus content, and percent and yield of seed protein, but non significant effect of irrigation on time to 50% germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, root/shoot length ratio, potassium content and seed yield. The highest germination percent (90%), rate (8.2% d-1) and index (8.5) belonged to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation from pan and the lowest germination percent (48%), rate (4.4% d-1) and index (4.8) belonged to irrigation after 120 mm evaporation. However the highest (3.43 and 21.44%) and lowest (3 and 18.74%) nitrogen and protein content were obtained from irrigation after 120 and 30 mm evaporation, respectively. The changes in protein yield were the same with protein percentage because of non significant effect of irrigation on seed yield. Thus the strongest water stress was the optimum regime for producing seed yield because of minimum water use. Concerning with phosphorus, the highest (8.08%) and lowest (6.56%) amounts were occurred at irrigation after 60 and 120 mm evaporation from pan. The binomial regression between irrigation and germination percent, rate, and index, nitrogen, phosphorus and protein percentage emphasized to results of ANOVA. Non significant correlations between content of phosphorus and germination, and potassium and germination, and however between seedling growth and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reserve of seed emphasized to independence of germination and seedling growth from these reserves. However, correlation between nitrogen content of seeds and germination was significant and negative.